Bus route planning and scheduling for KIT’s college of Engineering

Kolhapur
Dr.V.V.Karjini1, Prof. S.S.Shirol1, H.K.Patil1, S.S.Pawar1, O.S.Desai1, A.P.Naik1, and V.S.Dhumal1

1 Kolhapur institute of technology’s college of engineering Kolhapur.

desaiomkar9881@gmail.com

Abstract. The necessity for safe, reliable, and efficient college bus transportation makes routing and scheduling one of
the biggest issues. Therefore, the goal of this study is to find the best, most cost-effective, and appropriate method of
student transportation. This project's goal is to design the fastest, safest bus routes with automatic vehicle locator
capability for "KIT college of Engineering, Kolhapur" and to produce an effective and affordable transportation
management system that aids in bus-stop allocation. Additionally, this research aims to investigate how a college
transport management system might increase safety on the road. For KIT College of Engineering, Kolhapur, the
findings from this study have been used to develop a model for college bus scheduling and routing. By taking into
account many criteria, this research will assist the college transportation administration in purchasing quick buses.
Keywords: Route planning, Route coverage, Efficiency, Transportation.

1 Introduction
In the area of nonperiodic public transportation systems, there is a problem with the routing and scheduling
of college buses with transfers. It addresses how students are transported in the morning from their homes
to their colleges, taking into account the possibility that some students might switch buses. Transfer
authorization has a number of repercussions. One the one hand, it permits greater flexibility in the bus
network architecture and can therefore aid in lowering operational costs. However, at the same time as
customer ride durations may be decreased, transfers may also have a good impact on service quality. On
the other hand, transfers have an impact on the service level since the perceived quality of the service is
poorer as a result of the occurrence of transfers.

The reduction of overall operational costs is the primary goal. Analysis is done on the effect that transfers
have on the service level in terms of time lost (or user travel time) and the quantity of transfers.

The bus stop selection, bus route selection, bus scheduling, and college start time modification are the four
subproblems that make up the overall issue. Bus stop selection is the process of selecting a suitable subset
from the set of accessible bus stops that will be used by the bus[2]. The assignment of students to bus stops
is another possible step in this process. Bus routing is the process of creating routes that are served by buses.

This study's findings have assisted in the development of a model for routing and scheduling a college bus.
This would make it easier for the college transportation management to plan the quickest and shortest
college bus routes. They can also assign bus stops, which will enable them to choose the pick-up points for
the students and staff based on where they are concentrated. Through a review of the literature, this research
has also looked into how a college transport management system might increase safety on the road. The
purpose of this study is to offer a design standard for bus stops that is simple to use, safe and comfortable
for passengers, simple for bus drivers to manoeuvre, and does not interfere with other road users on campus.

Students who live too far away to walk to campus can get there safely using college buses. The most
comfortable automobiles on the road because they are used by students every day. Standards are set by the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to ensure the security of both buses and routes. The route
design and daily schedule of college buses affect their effectiveness in carrying students promptly, fairly,
and economically in addition to safety considerations, which are tightly regulated for college buses.

The overall cost of providing transit services, which typically comprises of passenger expenses and operator
costs, can be reduced by effectively designing transit routes and service frequencies. The operator and the
user both favour reducing their own expenses. The full in-vehicle and transfer times are included in the user
expenses. Due to the limited availability of public transport and the need for private vehicles to access the
school, access is severely restricted. As a result, a lot of students drive their own cars or motorcycles to
college, which causes a traffic jam. Congestion on campus happens during specific hours due to a long
queue for a motorcycle entering the parking lot, as well as restricted parking space for automobiles, thus
students must hunt for an empty parking place numerous times. Student activities have been restricted by a
lack of parking space on campus. Students prefer to drive themselves to university due to the limited public
transportation options available along the route.

The authors in [1] created a heuristic algorithm for scheduled school buses in this study to account for three
different objectives, including the number of vehicles, route total time, and average passenger travelling
time.

The authors in [3] investigate the school bus routing and scheduling problem with transfers that arises in
the field of non-periodic public transportation systems in this article. Concepts for solving the school bus
routing and scheduling problem, include bus stop selection and student assignment, bus routing, and bus
scheduling.

2 Issue Of Transportation In KIT’s College

Kolhapur Institute of Technology (KIT), College of Engineering, Kolhapur students face the problem of
travelling because the college is located outside the city of Kolhapur industrial area (Gokul Shirgaon,
Kolhapur-416234). Due to this complication, the students face problems of not being able to reach the
campus before starting of academics. To solve this problem related to transportation, after discussion with
our guide we decided to plan and implement transport facility for student. We observed that some of the
students couldn't afford their private vehicles. So as to solve the problems that occurred related to the
transportation of students. We have decided the college bus route in the most economical, safest, and
convenient manner possible, so the students are able to travel from their home to college at the minimum
cost and in the scheduled time.

Following are some of the significant problems that this study found as contributing to the college bus
transportation system's ineffective performance:
i. Overcrowding observes in city public transport
ii. Ineffective bus routes
iii. Unplanned bus stop placement

3 Method of Construction on Efficient Bus Routes

It is not always simple to achieve efficiency improvements in bus transportation networks. This is a useful
trick for planners that helps them discover the key components, procedures and benchmarks to boost the
effectiveness of the bus transportation system. It takes into account tried-and-true methods and illustrations
from planning to execution, monitoring, and assessment. It also identifies important queries to consider
while planning, executing, and assessing the effectiveness of the transport system.
3.1 Data collection
Questionnaire survey
Second, third and fourth-year students in the various streams of the B.Tech degree were given a
questionnaire to complete in order to analyse the present college transit system. The Questionnaire had 12
questions which includes some important questions such as place of stay, distance of stay from college,
time required for arriving at college, mode of transportation used to reach college, return journey to place
of stay etc[5].

Preliminary survey:
A general overview of the college is provided in the preliminary survey, as indicated in Table 1. in order to
pinpoint the main security-related systemic issues. To conduct a preliminary survey, we must first gather
all relevant data regarding the students who are interested in using the questionnaire survey. To do this, we
first create a Google form, which we then distribute to all HODs in each department. Then, they are
instructed to WhatsApp this paperwork to their students. In accordance with this, each student is required
to complete a form with the necessary information, which includes details about each student's location,
permanent address, phone number, and other details. We then compile data on each student's routes in
accordance with this. We enlisted the aid of our guide to prepare this location data and to complete the
routes. After that, we all had a proper discussion with the teacher about the issue of finalising the
preliminary routes, and 11 preliminary routes were successfully finalised. Following that, their routes were
finalised based on the data the student had submitted.
 Table 1. Finalised Preliminary Routes of KIT

Number of interested Students

Route Required
Route Description
no. Final Vehicles
SY TY Total
Year
Peth Vadgaon-Toap-Sangali phata- Tawade
RT1 11 40 19 70 2
hotel- college
Bhogavati-parite-Mhalunge-Ispurali-Girgaon-
RT2 15 30 6 51 1
college
RT3 Kognoli-Kagal-Kaneriwadi-College 13 25 13 51 1

RT4 Kale-Koparde-Balinga Phata-College 9 15 4 28 1

Ichalkaranji-Hatkanangale- Atigre-Sangli
RT5 61 35 12 108 3
Phata: Tawade Hotel- Ujlaiwadi-College
Bhagva Chowk, Bawada-SP Office-
RT6 Dhairyaprasad Multipurpose Hall- Tararani 2 21 0 23 1
Chowk-UCO Bank Chowk-College
Head Post Office (Ramanmala) - Mahavir
College Collector Office - Gokul Hotel-
Railway Phatak Bus Stand- Shahaji Law
RT7 26 40 9 75 2
College- Rajaram Road (Opposite
Pantaloons)- Takala Main Road-CSIBER-
NCC Bhavan-Kolhapur Public School-College
Rahul hotel, Phulewadi - Shalini Palace-
RT8 Crusher Chowk- Sambhaji Nagar Stand- 15 37 5 57 2
Isolation Hospital- College
Gangavesh-Toraskar Chowk- CPR Chowk-
RT9 Dasara Chowk- Venus Corner-Railway 6 30 6 42 1
Station- Tararani Chowk-College
Bapat Camp- Jadhavwadi- Market Yard-
RT10 5 15 5 25 1
Maharaja Hotel- Tararani Chowk- College
Puikhadi Treatment Plant- Potdar Internation
School-VR Plaza Chowk-D Y Patil Salokhe
RT11 Nagar-Kolhapur Central Jail- ITI College- 19 35 6 60 2
maruti temple, jarag nagar main road-State
Bank, Jarag Nagar-College
Total 182 323 85 590 17

Response Percentage:
The response rates of the students for the corresponding routes are shown in this pie chart (Figure 1). From
such information, we can estimate the number of students who are interested in using the college bus
service, additionally demonstrating the students' willingness. Out of total 590 students who have taken part
in the survey, 18% of the student route 5. This route covers major cities and villages.
 Response Percentage of Students According To
Corresponding Route

10% 12%
4%
8%
7%

9%
10%
5%
13%
4% 18%

RT1 RT2 RT3 RT4 RT5 RT6 RT7 RT8 RT9 RT10 RT11

Figure 1. Response Percentage of Students According To Corresponding Route

3.2 Study area

The survey provided the locations of the students, which were analysed and listed. From these locations,
the outermost points were identified and used to set the study area boundary, centred around the college.
Kolhapur is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of
Maharashtra. In Figure 2 the road network of Kolhapur city is shown. By using of this road network rote
planning and scheduling of college bus is carried out.

Figure 2. Road map of Kolhapur city

3.3 Routing and scheduling

1. The origins of students who presently use college buses and those who want to use college buses
were plotted in the study region using Google map.
2. The farthest sites reached by the college bus within the time restriction are identified.
3. A first set of trial routes was created by linking the feasible farthest points of origin with
intermediate locations of origin.
4. Using Google Maps, the total distance and time required to complete the route were calculated,
and plausible options were chosen.
5. Each point's total number of students was tallied, together with the desire and present need for
college buses.
6. The initial set of testing routes were either rerouted or a second set was created.
7. The routes were planned such that no more than 35 to 45 students may board the bus at a time
from any one route. For each route, there were designated student boarding sites.
8. By improving the routes from the second trial, the final set of routes was created.
3.4 Proposed Routes

According to their different locations, each student completes the transportation survey form. The
transportation survey form, which was completed by students, was then used to determine a total of 11
routes. After that, we examine each route in detail to determine which is the greatest option for everyone
who needs to get to the destination without difficulty. In the end, we came up with a total of 6 routes after
taking into account the locations of each and every student. And also calculate how many buses are required
for transportation[4]. And the college management decided to run buses on the remaining 5 routes in the
future on the basis of need and response from students.

Table 2 Proposed routes

Route Route Description

Route No.01 Peth Vadgaon-Toap-Sangali phata- Tawade hotel- college

Route No.02 Kale-Koparde-Balinga Phata-College

Route No.03 Ichalkaranji-Hatkanangale- Atigre-Sangli Phata: Tawade Hotel- Ujlaiwadi-College

Bhagva Chowk, Bhosalewadi, Bawada-SP Office-Dhairyaprasad Multipurpose

Route No.04
Hall- Tararani Chowk-Shivaji University-College

Potdar School- Sane Guruji Vasahat - Sambhaji nagar petrol pump- Hockey
Route No.05 Stadium- NCC borad- Morewadi Petrol pump- R.K Nagar-Bharati Vidyapeeth-
college

Shivaji pool - Rankala stand- Shiddhala garden- crusher/Talwar chowk-Shetkari

Route No.06
Hotel Phulewadi- Washi Naka-Jaragnagar-Bharati Vidyapeeth-KIT college
 (a) Route 1 (b) Route 2

(c) Route 3 (d) Route 4

(e) Route 5 (f) Route 6

Figure 3. Proposed routes located using google maps

4 Operating Cost Analysis for Proposed Routes

Several elements, including fuel costs, driver compensation, maintenance costs, and other fixed costs, are
taken into account when calculating the monthly running cost of the college bus service for KIT. Then,
using the following calculation, cost estimation is done for six proposed routes.
Table 3. KIT College Bus Monthly Operational Cost for 60 km
Sr. No. Particulars Amount per unit (Rs.) Total Amount (Rs.)
1 Operating Costs
a) Engine Fuel (3.5 km/lit. ) 39,857
b) Engine Oil 3,550 58,907
c) Grease 4,500
d) Wages to Driver 11,000
2 Maintenance Costs
a) Repairs 5,000 23,500
b) Overhand 2,500
 c) Tyres 14,000
d) General Supervision 2,000
3 Fixed Costs
a) Insurance 5,000
13,750
b) licence, Tax etc. 6,250
c) other overheads 2,500
4 Grand Total (Rs.) 96,157 96,157
5 Annual cost / bus 11,53,884.00 11,53,884.00

4.1 Operation Cost Analysis

The operating cost analysis is carried out using the aforementioned table as a reference, and the graph is
plotted using it.

OPERATING COST ANALYSIS

100000
OPERATING COST

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
RT1 RT2 RT3 RT4 RT5 RT6
PROPOSED ROUTES

Figure 4. Operating cost analysis

Table 4 Total Operation Cost Of Proposed Routes

Route Monthly Operational Cost (Rs)

Route No.01 82557

Route No.02 87862

Route No.03 82557

Route No.04 71945

Route No.05 87862

Route No.06 66690

Total 479473

Table 5 Student Collection Fee Per Month

Route No of Students Total Fee Collected Per Month

Route No.01 19 45000

Route No.02 11 28000

Route No.03 24 63000

 Route No.04 35 69000

Route No.05 27 49000

Route No.06 38 78000

Total 332000

According to the outcomes of tables 4 and 5 above, the college will spend an additional 1,47,473 rupees
for the college bus transportation service.

5 Conclusion:
In the initial research, 11 pathways were discovered. Then, in order to establish which route is the best
choice for everyone who wants to get at the destination without problem, we carefully assess each route
with regard to cost, fuel consumption, trip distance, travel duration, frequency, etc. After taking into account
the whereabouts of each student, we ultimately came up with a total of 6 routes.

After plotting and studying the proposed bus route network's operation cost and time, it was discovered that
the suggested route network is superior to any existing routes.

Some bus routes were shortened as a result of careful route design and scheduling; overall costs and the
number of vehicles can both be decreased with efficient bus utilisation. As a result of this study, waiting
times were cut down by employing GPS. This assists in eliminating pointless pickup locations. Additionally
useful is taking individual students to their homes so they can choose pick-up locations.

From this study, it is clear that the college bus service's correct route planning and scheduling benefit the
greatest number of students, improving their academic performance and ultimately enabling them to
advance in their careers.

To increase transportation security, new techniques must be created and existing ones must be enhanced or
perfected. new sensors or technology Sensors like diagnostic sensors, which keep track of when doors open
and close, and an alarm system, which acts as a local deterrent, can also be incorporated.

More intricate applications may be added to the current modules to enhance their ability to automate routine
chores. Additionally, modules that provide the necessary functionality, such as those for school rezoning
and passenger assignment, can be added to the system.

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