Equations MA5.2-8NA
Equations MA5.2-8NA
Equations MA5.2-8NA
3
x+7= (x + 12)
4
4(x + 7) = 3(x + 12)
4x + 28 = 3x + 36
4x − 3x = 36 − 28
x=8
As x + 5 = 8 + 5 = 13,
Mim is8 years old and Jack is 13 years old.
Q5.Solve the following problems.
a)A man is currently three times as old as his son. In 11 years from now he will be twice as old as his son
will be then. How old is his son now?
b)At present Guido is 8 years older than Bob. If Guido was 1 year younger, his age would be double Bob’s
age. How old is Bob?
c)In 5 years time Pam will be twice as old as Sam was 2 years ago. Pam is 8 years older than Sam. How old
is Sam?
d)The sum of Peter’s and Susan’s ages is 20 years. If Peter’s age was doubled, it would be 5 years more than
three times Susan’s age. How old is Susan?
Q6.One half of my age is 10 years more than one-third of my age. How old am I?
Q7. The Green Cab taxi company charges $3.75 plus $1.53 per kilometre. Michael has$20 left after going
out for dinner.
a) How far can he go in the taxi?
b) If he lives 12 km from the restaurant, will he make it home in the taxi? If not, how far will he have
to walk?
Solving inequalities
Inequalities involve the inequality signs > (greater than), ≥ (greater than or equal to), < (less than)
and ≤ (less than or equal to).
In most cases we can solve an inequality as if the inequality sign was an equal sign.
If we multiply or divide both sides of an inequality by a negative number, the inequality sign must
be reversed.
Example1. Write the following in algebraic form:
a)Three times a number is always smaller than ten.3x <10
b)Twice a number is larger than or equal to eight.2x ⩾8
c)Four more than three times a number is greater than fifteen.3x + 4 >15
x
d) Eight more than half a number is less than or equal to three. +8 ⩽3
2
Q1. Write the following in algebraic form.
a)Four times a number is always smaller than thirteen.
b)Five times a number is always greater than fifty.
c) Ten times a number is greater than or equal to eighty.
d) Two more than three times a number is less than thirty-five.
e) Three more than four times a number is more than seventy.
f) Eight less than a number is less than or equal to thirty.
g) Thirteen less than twice a number is greater than twenty.
h) Nine less than twenty times a number is more than ten.
i)Ten more than half a number is less than nineteen.
j)Five more than one-third of a number is greater than six.
Q8.So
l ve
these
inequalities for x.
Q9.Solve the following inequalities and sketch their solution on separate number lines.
a) −x > 5 b) u + 7 < 8 c) 7g < 63
x −2 x
d) > −2 e) 8y + 7 ≥ 43 f) +1>4
6 5
g) 5( j+ 4) ≥ 95 h) 6x + 5 ≤ 4x + 7 i) 5r − 2 > 8r − 1
Simultaneous Equations
Example1. Check if the possible solution x = 5 and y = 3 is correct for the pair of simultaneous equations
x− y = 2 and 3x + 4y = 17
x− y = 2
5−3=2 This is correct.
3x + 4y = 17
3(5) + 4(3) = 27 This is not correct.
∴ x = 5 and y = 3 is not a solution.
Q1. A possible solution is given for each pair of simultaneous equations. Check if the solution is correct.
a) x− y = 3 b) x + y = 9
2x − y = 11 2x − y = 6
Solution: x = 5, y = 2 Solution: x = 5, y = 4
c)a+ b = 2 d)2p + q = 7
a− b = 8 3p + 2q = 10
Solution: a = 5, b = −3 Solution: p = 4, q = −1
Q2. For the following simultaneous equations, use substitution to check if the given pair of coordinates is a
solution.
a) (7, 5) 3x + 2y = 31 b) (3, 7) y−x=4
2x + 3y = 28 2y + x = 17
b) (9, 1) x + 3y = 12 d) (2, 5) x+y=7
5x − 2y = 43 2x + 3y = 18
e) (4, −3) y = 3x − 15 f) (6, −2) x − 2y = 2
4x + 7y = −5 3x + y = 16
Example2. Use the graph of the given simultaneous equations below to write down the point of intersection
and, hence, the solution of the simultaneous equations.
x + 2y = 4
y = 2x − 3
Solution is x = 2 and y = 1
Q3.Use the graphs below of the given simultaneous equations to write down the point of intersection and,
hence, the solution of the simultaneous equations.
Example3.
Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations using a graphical method.
x+y=6 2x + 4y = 20
Q4. Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations using a graphical method.
a) x+ y = 5 b) x + 2y = 10 c) 2x + 3y = 6
2x + y = 8 3x + y = 15 2x − y = −10
d) x− 3y = −8 e) 6x + 5y = 12 f) y + 2x = 6
2x + y = −2 5x + 3y = 10 2y + 3x = 9
Q5. Use graphical methods to solve these equations simultaneously.
a) y= x − 3 b) x − y = 1 c) 4x + 3y = 10
y = 1 –x y = 2x x − 2y = −3
d) 3x + y = 5 e) y = 3x − 8 f) 2x + y = 4
2x − 3y = 18 3x + y = −2 2x − y = 8
Algebraic solutions of simultaneous equations - Substitution method
Example1. Solve the following simultaneous equations using the substitution method.
a) y= 2x –1 b) x + 4y = −3
3x + 4y = 29 2x + 7y = −4
Q1. Solve the following simultaneous equations using the substitution method.
a)x= 1 + 2y b)y = x − 4 c)y + 4x = 6
2x + y = 17 y = 2x –3 y = 2x + 3
d)x= 2y − 6 e)3x − 2y = 5 f)y = 2x − 8
2x + y = 8 y = 3 − 4x y = 8x + 4
g)x= 1 − 2y h)x = 3y + 12 i)y = −2x + 3
y + 3x = 13 3x − 2y = 8 y=x+6
Q2. Solve these equations by substitution.
a)y= 1 − 2x b)x = 2y + 2 c)y = 2x + 5
y = 3 − 4x 2x + y = 9 5x − y = 1
d)y= 4 − x e)y = 5 − 2x f)x = 3y + 14
3y = 5x 2x + 3y = 13 x = 2y – 1
Example3. Solve the following simultaneous equations using the substitution method.
3x + 7y = −21
6x − 5y = 15
Q3. Solve the following simultaneous equations using the substitution method.
a) 5x + 2y = 17 b) 2x + 7y = 17 c) 2x + 3y = 13
−2y + 3x = 7 4x = 1 − 3y 4x − 5y = 15
b) 2x − 5y = 18
7x − 5y = 38
c) x− 5y = −17
2x + 3y = 5
d) 2x + 7y = 3
3x + 2y = 13
Q1. Write the equation that results when:
a)2x − 3y = 5 is multiplied by 2 b)x + 3y = 7 is multiplied by −3
c)2x + 5y = 1 is multiplied by 4 d)3x − 2y = 8 is multiplied by −2
e)5x − y = 2 is multiplied by 5 f) −2x + 5y = −1 is multiplied by −1
Q2. What equation results when the following pairs of equations are added?
a)3x + 2y = 6 b)3x − y = 8 c)x + y = 5
x− 2y = 10 x+y=8 x−y=7
d)3x − y = 4 e)5x − y = 6 f)−8x + 2y = 11
−3x + 4y = 2 −5x + 3y = −8 8x − 3y = −7
Q3. Solve the following equations simultaneously using the elimination method.
a)3x + y = 13 b)2x − y = 8 c)x + 3y = 13
x− y = 3 3x + y = 7 −x + y = 7
d)5x + 2y = 11 e)2x + 3y = 11 f) 2x + y = 1
3x − 4y = 1 7 x − y = 50 x + 3y = −12
g)4x + y = 19 h)7x + 2y = −5 i)6x + 5y = −2
3x + 4y = −2 3x − 5y = −49 3x − y = 13
j)4x − 3y = 12 k)3x + 2y = 7 l)3x + 7y = 47
−x + 5y = −3 8x + 7y = 12 7x + 3y = 43
m)2x + 7y = −51 n)3x + y = −10 o)2x − 7y = 14
3x − 2y = 11 2x − y = 5 5x − 7y = 34
(EXTRA) Q1.Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations by using the elimination method.
a) x+ 2y = 5 b) 5x + 4y = 2 c) −2x + y = 10
−x + 4y = 1 5x − 4y = −22 2x + 3y = 14
d) 3x + 2y = 13 e) 2x − 5y = −11 f) −3x − y = 8
5x + 2y = 23 2x + y = 7 −3x + 4y = 13
g) x+ 2y = 12 h) 3x + 2y = −23 i) 6x + 5y = −13
3x − 2y = 12 5x + 2y = −29 −2x + 5y = −29
j) 6x − 5y = −43 k) x − 4y = 27 l) −4x + y = −10
6x − y = −23 3x − 4y = 17 4x − 3y = 14
m) x+ 2y = 4 n) 3x + 2y = 19 o) −2x + 3y = 3
3x − 4y = 2 6x − 5y = −7 5x − 6y = −3
p) 2x + 3y = 16 q) 5x − 3y = 6 r) 3x + 2y = 6
3x + 2y = 19 3x − 2y = 3 4x + 3y = 10
Problem solving with two unknowns
Example1. Two numbers have a sum of 30 and a difference of 6. Find the numbers.
Let x and y be the unknown numbers, where x >y.
Then x + y = 30 (1)
and x−y=6 (2)
(1) + (2) 2x = 36
x = 18
Substitute in (1) 18+ y = 30
y= 30 – 18 = 12
∴ The numbers are 18 and 12.
Q1. Find two equations in x and y and solve algebraically.
a)Two numbers have a sum of 201 and a difference of 37. Find the numbers.
b)The difference between two numbers is 84 and their sum is 278. What are the numbers?
c)One number exceeds another by 11. The sum of the two numbers is 5. What are the numbers?
d)The larger of two numbers is four times the smaller number and their sum is 85. Find the two numbers.
e)Find two integers such that three times the smaller is 33 more than twice the larger, and twice the smaller
plus five times the larger equals 250.
Q2. Find two equations in x and y, draw their graphs and solve graphically.
a)Find two numbers with a sum of 12 and a difference of 2.
b)Find two numbers with a sum of 20 and a difference of 4.
c)The sum of two numbers is 10. When one number is added to twice the other number the result is 16.Find
the numbers.
d)The sum of two numbers is 14. When one number is added to twice the other number the result is 25.Find
the numbers.
e)Find two numbers with a sum of 12 and with half their difference equal to 2.
Example2.Five apples and 4 bananas cost a total of $2.05, and 6 apples and 5 bananas cost of total of
$2.50.Find the cost of one apple and the cost of one banana.
5x + 4y = 205 (1) × 5
6x + 5y = 250 (2) × −4
25x + 20y = 1025
−24x − 20y = −1000
x = 25
5(25) + 4y = 205
125 + 4y = 205
4y = 80
y = 20
One apple costs 25 cents and onebanana costs 20 cents.
3. Solve each literal equation for the pronumeral shown in the brackets
4. C
6. Make N the subject of each formula after first multiplying each term by lowest common
denominator.