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Lab 13 Compound Pendulum

The document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a compound pendulum. A bar pendulum with holes is suspended on knife edges and the time period of oscillations is measured for different distances from the center of gravity. The effective length and time period are used to calculate g according to the formula for time period of a compound pendulum. Standard and calculated values of g are compared to find the percentage difference. Precautions like ensuring only vertical oscillations and small amplitudes are mentioned.

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Waqas Muneer Khan
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14K views

Lab 13 Compound Pendulum

The document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a compound pendulum. A bar pendulum with holes is suspended on knife edges and the time period of oscillations is measured for different distances from the center of gravity. The effective length and time period are used to calculate g according to the formula for time period of a compound pendulum. Standard and calculated values of g are compared to find the percentage difference. Precautions like ensuring only vertical oscillations and small amplitudes are mentioned.

Uploaded by

Waqas Muneer Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment # 13

Determination of the value of acceleration due to gravity (g) using a


compound pendulum
OBJECTIVE

To find the value of acceleration due to gravity (g) using a compound pendulum.

APPARATUS

 Bar pendulum (steel rod with holes in it)


 Knife-edged fulcrum
 Stopwatch
 Meter scale

Fig1: Bar Pendulum


RELATED THEORY

Vibration
Any motion that repeats itself after an interval of time is called vibration or oscillation. The
swinging of a pendulum and the motion of a plucked string are typical examples of vibration.
Simple pendulum
A simple consists of a small body called a “bob” (usually a sphere) attached to the end of a
string the length. The mass of string is negligible in comparison to the bob. Under these
conditions, the mass of the bob may be regarded as concentrated at its centre of gravity, and
the length of the pendulum is the distance of this point from the axis of suspension.
A rigid body mounted upon a horizontal axis so as to vibrate under the force of gravity is a
compound pendulum.
Compound pendulum
When the dimensions of the suspended body are not negligible in comparison with the
distance from the axis of suspension to the centre of gravity, the pendulum is called a
compound, or physical, pendulum.
Time period (T) for a compound pendulum is given by:

𝑙𝑙
𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�
𝑔𝑔

PROCEDURE

1. Measure the length of given bar pendulum (metal rod with holes).
2. Find out the center of gravity or mid-point of metal rod.
3. From the center of gravity, there are nine holes on each side left and right. Mark the two
sides as “Side A” and “Side B”.
4. Arrange the clamp stand to hold metal rod.
5. Take two knife-edges and fix it to the first two holes from Side A and Side B. Make sure
to point the sharp edges of the two knife-edges towards the center of gravity.
6. Now, balance the knife edge at wedge of clamp or stand.
7. Displace the bar pendulum setup slightly (approx. 5O or 6O)
8. Note down the time for 30 vibrations two times.
9. Calculate the mean time for the two vibrations or oscillations.
10. Divide the value by the number of vibrations to determine the time period (T).
11. Repeat the steps for all other holes.
12. Now graph is drawn by taking distance ‘d’ of the holes form the center of gravity at x-axis
and time period (T) at y-axis.
13. Determine the value of effective length “l” from the graph and corresponding value of T.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝑙𝑙 =
2
T = ����
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
14. Calculate the value of “g” using the formula:

𝑙𝑙
Time period, 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�
𝑔𝑔

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Length of the bar, L = 100 cm or (1 meter).


No. of oscillations = 30.

Side A Side B
Distanc
Sr. 𝒕𝒕𝟏𝟏 + 𝒕𝒕𝟐𝟐 𝒕𝒕 𝒕𝒕𝟏𝟏 + 𝒕𝒕𝟐𝟐 𝒕𝒕
e from t1 t2 t= T = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 d t1 t2 t= T = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
# 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
'G'
d (cm) sec sec sec sec cm sec sec sec sec

1 45 45
2 40 40

3 35 35

4 30 30

5 25 25
6 20 20

7 15 15
8 10 10

9 5 5

𝑙𝑙
Value of ‘g’ can be calculated by formula: 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�
𝑔𝑔

g = 4 π2(l/T2)
RESULTS

Standard value of g = 9.8 m/s2


Calculated value of g = ______ m/s2
% difference =

PRECAUTIONS

i. Ensure that the pendulum oscillates in a vertical plane and that there is no rotational
motion of the pendulum.
ii. The amplitude of oscillation should be small.
iii. Use a precision stopwatch and note the time accurately as far as possible.

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