Lab 7 Workshop Teacher Version

Experiment No: 5
Demonstration of Lathe Machine

Objective: To demonstrate the basic parts and various operations performed on the lathe
machine.
Apparatus:
Lathe Machine
Theory:
A lathe is a machine that rotates the workpiece about an axis.
The main function of a lathe is to remove metal from a piece of work to give it the required shape
and size by holding the work securely and rigidly on the machine and then turning it against cutting
tool which will remove metal from the work in the form of chips. The most common and widely
used is the center or engine lathe for preparing of various turning parts by different turning process.
Precautions while using the Machine.

Before starting the machine, clamp the job on the chuck solidly. Turn the chuck by hand to inspect
the working, prior to the starting of machine. Keep the machine clear of tool and then start. Don’t
stop the rotation of machine chuck by hand. Take measurement only after stopping the machine.
Don’t remove chips by hand. Use brush or plier, if necessary, to remove long chips while working
on the lathe, only operator must switch on/off the machine and not by a second person.
Introduction to the main parts of the lathe Machine:

1. Head stock
2. Chuck plate
3. Tool post
4. Compound Slide
5. Saddle with cross slide
6. Tail stock
7. Lead Screw
8. Apron
9. Feed Shaft
10. Norton Gear Box
11. Tray
12. Slide cover
Figure.7.1: Simple Lathe machine
Description and functions of Lathe machine Parts.
Headstock
Headstock is one type of gear box which gives various speed by means of gear arrangement. The
gear change lever is given in the head stock body to change the speed. The headstock contains the
drive unit to rotate the spindle, which rotates the work.
Chuck plate
Chuck plate is provided to mount the chuck on it. Chuck may be three jaw or four jaw according to
the requirement of the machine.
Tool post
Tool post is mounted on the compound slide, which is used to hold the tools. The cutting tool is
held in a tool post fastened to the cross-slide, which is assembled to the carriage.
Carriage
The carriage is designed to slide along the ways of the lathe to feed the tool parallel to the axis of
rotation. The ways are like tracks along which the carriage rides, and they are made with great
precision to achieve a high degree of parallelism relative to the spindle axis.
The carriage is driven by a leadscrew that rotates at the proper speed to obtain the desired feed
rate.The ways are built into the bed of the lathe, providing a rigid frame for the machine tool.
Clutch
Clutch controls the speed of the drive motor and provides the smooth vibration free motion.
Compound slide
Compound slide is used to give the angular and small longitudinal motion to the tool.
Tail stock
Tailstock is used to hold the job for between center turning.
Lead screw
On a metal lathe the carriage holds the cutting bit. The lead screw links the carriage to the rotation
of the chuck. It is used to make threads by having different gearing between the spindle and the
drive for the lead screw.
Apron
Apron is a gear box which gives automatic feed to the carriage.
Feed Rod
Feed rod is a power transmission mechanism used for precise linear movement of the carriage along
the longitudinal axis of the lathe.
Norton Gear box
Lathe machines are provided with Full Norton Gearbox also known as Quick Change Gearbox for
threading and feed shaft mechanism with different feed range and threading capability. To do away
with the inconvenience and loss of time involved in removing and replacing change gears, lathes
have a self-contained change gear mechanism, commonly called a quick-change gear box or full
Norton gearbox.
Tray
Tray is provided to collect the cutting fluid and chip when machine is in running condition.
Side cover
Side cover is provided in the back side of the machine for protection of the gear train and safety
purpose.
Saddle and cross slide
Cross slide is mounted on the saddle. Cross slide gives the transverse motion while saddle gives the
longitudinal motion. The cross-slide is designed to feed in a direction perpendicular to the carriage
movement. Thus, by moving the carriage, the tool can be fed parallel to the work axis to perform
straight turning; or by moving the cross-slide, the tool can be fed radially into the work to perform
facing, form turning, or cutoff operations.
Lathe operations:
The following operations are listed as follows.
1. Centering:
Centering is the operation of producing conical holes in work pieces at the
ends to provide bearing surface for lathe centers.
2. Turning:
Turning is the process to remove excess material from the work piece basically, to produce
cylindrical or cone shaped objects, to the required shape and size. The most common center
or engine lathe is used for preparing of various turning parts by different turning process.
3. Straight turning
Straight turning produces a cylindrical surface by feeding the single point cutting tool
against the rotating work parallel to the work.
4. Taper turning:
A taper may be defined as a uniform increase or decrease in diameter of a work measured
along its length. It means to produce a conical surface by gradual reduction in diameter from
a cylindrical work piece.
5. Facing:
Facing is the operation of machining the ends of a work piece to produce flat surface square
with the axis. This is also used to cut the work to the required length. The tool is fed
perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the work piece.
6. Knurling:
Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond shaped pattern on the surface of the work
piece. It provides grip to the work piece.
7. Eccentric turning:
If the cylindrical work piece has two separate axes of rotation, one being out of the center to
the other, the work piece is eccentric and turning of different surfaces of the work piece is
known as eccentric turning.
8. Thread cutting:
The principle of thread cutting is to produce helical groove on a cylindrical or conical
surface by feeding the tool longitudinally when the job is revolving between centers or by a
chuck.
9. Chamfering:
It is the operation of beveling the extreme end of the work piece. Chamfering is an essential
operation after thread cutting so that the nut may pass freely on the threaded workpiece.
10. Grooving:
It is the process of reducing the diameter of a work piece over a very narrow surface.
11. Drilling
Drilling can be performed on a lathe by feeding the drill into the rotating
work along its axis. Reaming can be performed in a similar way.
12. Threading
A pointed tool is fed linearly across the outside surface of the rotating work part in a
direction parallel to the axis of rotation at a large effective feed rate, thus creating threads in
the cylinder.

Lab 7 Workshop Teacher Version

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lab 7 Workshop Teacher Version

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lab 7 Workshop Teacher Version

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experiment No: 5

Demonstration of Lathe Machine

Precautions while using the Machine.

Introduction to the main parts of the lathe Machine:

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.