Mercedes Technical Training Noise Vibration And Harshness

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Noise, Vibration,
and Harshness

Self Study Program

Course Number 861503

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Volkswagen of America, Inc.
Service Training
Printed in U.S.A.
Printed 03/2005
Course Number 861503
©2005 Volkswagen of America, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Information contained in this manual is based
on the latest information available at the time
of printing and is subject to the copyright
and other intellectual property rights of
Volkswagen of America, Inc., its affiliated
companies and its licensors.
All rights are reserved to make changes at any
time without notice. No part of this document
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, nor may these
materials be modified or reposted to other
sites without the prior expressed written
permission of the publisher.
All requests for permission to copy and
redistribute information should be referred to
Volkswagen of America, Inc.
Always check Technical Bulletins and the
Volkswagen Worldwide Repair Information
System for information that may supersede
any information included in this booklet.
Trademarks: All brand names and product
names used in this manual are trade names,
service marks, trademarks, or registered
trademarks; and are the property of their
respective owners.
 Table of Contents

Course Goals ..................................................................................... 1

Introduction ...................................................................................... 2

Theory................................................................................................ 3
Characteristics of Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH), Generation of
Noise and Vibration, Sound and Sound Waves, Audible Range of Sound, NVH
Terminology, Types of Noise, Compelling Force and Vibrating Body, Vibration,
Vibration Transfer Path, Vibration Order, Types of Vibration, Ride Comfort

Diagnosis ......................................................................................... 24
Getting Good Information from Service Advisors, The Four Steps, Diagnosing
and Solving Customer Concerns, Other Information Sources, Pre-Road Test
Inspection, Road Test Tips, Road Testing

Engine Vibrations............................................................................ 32
Engine Speed-Related Vibrations, Types of Engine Vibrations, Engine Vibration
Formula, Engine Accessory Formula, Types of Engine Noise, Exhaust Noise,
Engine Firing Frequency Formula

Vehicle Speed Vibrations ............................................................... 44

Tires and Wheels, Tire Vibration Formulas, Drive Shaft Frequency Formula,
Drive and Axle Shafts, Driveline Vibration, Transmission Noise and Vibrations,
Differential Operation, Driveline Snap, Suspension Components, Steering
Components

All-Wheel Drive Systems ............................................................... 62

4Motion All-Wheel Drive, 4XMOTION, Haldex Coupling New!

Tools ................................................................................................. 68
Sirometer, EVA II, ChassisEAR, Hunter's GSP9700 Series, Other Tools

Glossary........................................................................................... 73

Diagnostic Flow Chart .................................................................... 75

Knowledge Assessment ................................................................. 77

Important/Note!

The Self-Study Program provides you with information

regarding designs and functions.
The Self-Study Program is not a repair manual.
For maintenance and repair work, always refer to the
current technical literature.

i
 Course Goals

Course Goals

This course will enable you to:

• Identify the terminology used in diagnosing

Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH)
concerns
• Identify the different types of NVH
• Identify the steps of the NVH systematic
diagnostic approach
• Identify the road test procedures
necessary to isolate a noise or vibration
• Calculate NVH frequencies necessary for
component classification
• Identify test equipment and tools used in
diagnosing and correcting NVH concerns
• Identify, diagnose, and specify the
component causing the NVH concern

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Introduction
Introduction

This Self-Study Program focuses on vehicle

Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH), their
causes and diagnostic and service procedures
to locate and correct NVH concerns.
Modern cars and trucks use a combination
of systems to provide the driver with the
safest, most responsive, and comfortable
vehicle ever built. Today’s driver has come to
expect a smooth and quiet ride in all operating
environments. When vehicle noise, vibration,
or ride harshness exceeds the driver’s
expectations, it is up to the technician to correct
the cause of the customer’s concern.
Vehicle components are being manufactured
using lighter weight metals. Lighter weight
metals reduce the overall vehicle weight that
reduce emissions and improve fuel economy.
As technologies develop stronger and more
lightweight metals this trend will continue.
Lighter vehicle components do not absorb
noises and vibrations as well as heavier
components. This leads to an increase in NVH
concerns.
Diagnosing NVH concerns has been developed
into a logical and almost scientific procedure.
This course will provide the Volkswagen
technician with concepts to help understand and
diagnose NVH concerns.

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 Theory
Characteristics of Generation of Noise and Vibration
Noise, Vibration, Harshness
A vibrating object normally produces sound, and
Noise is defined as any unpleasant or that sound may be an annoying noise. In the
unexpected sound created by a vibrating object. case where a vibrating body is the direct source
of noise (such as combustion causing the
Vibration is defined as any objectionable engine to vibrate), the vibrating body or source
repetitive motion of an object, back-and-forth or is easy to find. In other cases, the vibrating body
up-and-down. may generate a small vibration only.
Harshness is defined as an aggressive This small vibration may cause a larger vibration
suspension feel or lack of “give” in response to or noise due to the vibrating body’s contact
a single input. with other parts. When this happens, attention
focuses on where the large vibration or noise
occurs while the real source often escapes
notice.
An understanding of noise and vibration
generation assists with the troubleshooting
process. The development of a small noise
into a larger noise begins when a vibration
source (compelling force) generates a vibration.
Resonance amplifies the vibration with other
vehicle parts. The vibrating body (sound
generating body) then receives transmission of
the amplified vibration.

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Mercedes Technical Training Noise Vibration And Harshness

Theory
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Sounds and Sound Waves

A sound wave’s cycle, period, frequency, and Audible Range of Sound
amplitude determine the physical qualities of the
For sound to be heard, the resulting acoustic
sound wave. The physical qualities of sound are:
wave must have a range of 20 to 20,000 Hz,
• Audible range of sound which is the audible range of sound for humans.
While many vehicle noises are capable of being
• Pitch heard, some NVH noises are not in the audible
range.
• Intensity
Low-speed droning is an example of a low
frequency NVH concern that may have
All people have different capabilities for hearing components not in the audible range. This
sound. Some people may not hear sounds condition exerts pressure on the driver’s
that other people can hear. Keep these facts in eardrum and can be extremely uncomfortable.
mind while diagnosing noise concerns. Most
customers become tuned into a noise after On the other end of the audible range of vehicle
hearing it repetitively. noises are wind noise and brake squeaking.
The high frequencies of these NVH concerns
produce a high-pitched noise that can be
When diagnosing a vehicle, it may extremely annoying. The figure below illustrates
be beneficial to have the customer the audible range of automotive noises.
reproduce the noise during a road test.

120

100

Maximum Audible Level

SOUND LEVEL INTENSITY (dB)

80

60

40
Average Audible Level
Minimum Audible Level
20

0 90018503

50 100 500 1k 5k 10k

FREQUENCY (Hz)

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