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Fluid Statics

Fluid statics deals with fluids at rest. The key concepts are: 1) Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions and the force on any surface is perpendicular. 2) According to Pascal's law, pressure is the same at any point within the fluid. 3) Pressure decreases linearly with depth due to gravity, following the equation p2-p1=ρg(z2-z1). 4) Pressure is equal at the same horizontal level within a static fluid.

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36 views

Fluid Statics

Fluid statics deals with fluids at rest. The key concepts are: 1) Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions and the force on any surface is perpendicular. 2) According to Pascal's law, pressure is the same at any point within the fluid. 3) Pressure decreases linearly with depth due to gravity, following the equation p2-p1=ρg(z2-z1). 4) Pressure is equal at the same horizontal level within a static fluid.

Uploaded by

ram kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/9/2018 Gradeup Play

Study Notes on Fluid Statics - Study Notes on Fluid Statics EXIT


Day 2 | Fluid Statics | Study Notes of Fluid Statics

Fluid Statics 
Fluid Statics deals with uids at rest while Fluid Dynamics studies uids in motion.
Any force developed is only due to normal stresses i.e, pressure. Such a condition is termed the
hydrostatic condition.
Fluid Statics is also known as Hydrostatics.
A static uid can have no shearing force acting on it, and that any force between the uid and
the boundary must be acting at right angles to the boundary.
For an element of uid at rest, the element will be in equilibrium. The sum of the components of
forces in any direction will be zero. The sum of the moments of forces on the element about any
point must also be zero.
Within a uid, the pressure is same at all the points in all the directions.
Pressure at the wall of any vessel is perpendicular to the wall
Pressure due to depth is P = ρgh, and is the same at any horizontal level of connected uid.

Fluid Pressure at a Point

If a uid is Stationary, then force acting on any surface or area is perpendicular to that surface.
If the force exerted on each unit area of a boundary is the same, the pressure is said to be
uniform

Pascal’s Law for Pressure At A Point 

It states that pressure or intensity of pressure at a point in a static uid ( uid is in rest) is equal
in all directions. If uid is not in motion then according to Pascal’s law,

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px = py = pz
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12/9/2018 Gradeup Play

where, px, py and pz are the pressure at point x,y,z respectively.

General Equation For Variation Of Pressure In A Static Fluid

A cylindrical element of uid at an arbitrary orientation: 

Vertical Variation Of Pressure In A Fluid Under Gravity

 
Taking upward as positive, we have
Vertical cylindrical element of uid cross sectional area = A
mass density = ρ
The forces involved are:

Force due to p1 on A (upward) = p1A


Force due to p2 on A (downward) = p2A
Force due to weight of element (downward) = mg

                                                                      = mass density x volume x g


                                                                       = ρgA(z2 - z1)
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12/9/2018 Gradeup Play

 
Thus in a uid under gravity, pressure decreases linearly with increase in height
p2 - p1 = ρg(z2 - z1 )
This is the hydrostatic pressure change.

Equality Of Pressure At The Same Level In A Static Fluid

 
Horizontal cylindrical element cross sectional area = A
mass density =ρ
left end pressure = pl
right end pressure = pr 
For equilibrium, the sum of the forces in the x direction is zero=  pl A = pr A
 pl = pr 
so, Pressure in the horizontal direction is constant

As we know, pl = pr 

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12/9/2018 Gradeup Play

The pressure at the two equal levels is the same.


Thanks
Team gradeup.
 

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