Inverter Theory

SINAMICS V20 technical training

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Inverter Theory

 Application
 Main circuit
 Motor control
 Practices

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 Applications of V/f drive SINAMICS V20

Popular applications need V/f drives

Application

Main circuit

Motor control

Practices

Mills
Mixers
Pumping / Centrifugal pumps Processing Kneaders Moving Belt conveyors
Radial/axial fans Crushers Roller conveyors
ventilating/ Agitators
compressing Compressors Chain conveyors
Centrifuges

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Seite 3 11.04.2012 Industry Sector
 Main circuit of the inverter

Application

Main circuit
Overview Power In
IGBT switching UN
Motor
Motor control UO
Practices UDC

Pre- Braking
Rectifier charging DC link chopper Inverter
UDC= 1.35 × UN UO= 0 .. UN

Power in DC link Output to motor

constant frequency and voltage Stable voltage Variable frequency and voltage
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 IGBT Switching

Application

Main circuit
Overview
IGBT switching

Motor control

Practices

Consider this top IGBT switching ‘on’…

…and this lower IGBT switching ‘on’

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IGBT Switching 1 - Commutation

Application

Main circuit
Overview
IGBT switching

Motor control

Practices

Stored energy
maintains current…

…via the commutation

(flywheel) diodes

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 IGBT Switching

Application

Main circuit
Overview
IGBT switching

Motor control

Practices

Commutation (Flywheel) diodes

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 IGBT Switching

Application

Main circuit
Overview
IGBT switching

Motor control

Practices

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Seite 8 11.04.2012 Industry Sector
 The motor speed depends on the input frequency of
the power supply

3Ø Mains Supply
Application

Main circuit
120 * fin
ns = --------------
fmain
Motor control
Motor speed
pp
Control mode

Practices
ns : synchronous speed (rpm)
~ fin : mains frequency (Hz)
Inverter pp: pole pair number of motor
~
50Hz mains supply Variable frequency drive

fin pp
2
ns
3000 rpm
120 * fin
ns = --------------
4 1500 rpm
6 1000 rpm pp
8 750 rpm

AC Motor
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 V/f control for the induction motor control

Mode of the induction motor

Application

Main circuit R1 X1 X2’ R2’

Motor control
Motor speed
Control mode Xm
RL’=(1-S)* R2’/S
. .
Practices U1 E1

Rm

E1＝4.44 • kN1 • N1 • f1 • ΦM
Magnetic flux
Frequency or speed
Constant for motor
Electromotive force
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Seite 10 11.04.2012 Industry Sector
 V/f control for the induction motor control

Application
V/f control mode is the most popular
control mode for the constant torque load
Main circuit

Motor control
Voltage
Motor speed
Control mode
Voltage boost to
Flux
Practices compensate the
resistor at low speed

Frequency

U1 / f1 ≈4.44 • kN1 • N1 • ΦM=C

Constant for one running motor

Resistor is very low at high speeds

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Seite 11 11.04.2012 Industry Sector
 V2/f and ECO control for the pump and fan

R1 X1 X2’ R2’
Application

Main circuit
Xm
Motor control RL’=
.
Motor speed U1 (1-S)* R2’/S
Control mode Rm
.
Practices Im

Output torque in the Output current

V/f mode without ECO
Tload Iload
Energy saving by Additional saved
the V2/f control energy

Required torque for Output current from

the pump V20 with ECO
f f

 V2/f control can reduce the output in the  V2/f control with ECO can reduce the
low speed to save more energy output current to save more energy.
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Seite 12 11.04.2012 Industry Sector
 Practices
Motor work without or with inverter

Application

Main circuit Calculate the speed of the motor for

Motor control  3AC 400V 60Hz main supply
Practices  60 * 60 / 1 = 3600RPM
 2-p motor synchronous speed is __________________
 60 * 60 / 2 = 1800RPM
 4-p motor synchronous speed is __________________
 60 * 60 / 3 = 1200RPM
 6-p motor synchronous speed is __________________

 If the inverter connected to the main supply, switch the inverter to 30Hz.
 Please calculate the DC voltage and output voltage.
 Please measure the DC voltage and the output voltage
High voltage
 The DC voltage is stable at around 1.35 * 380 = 520V
 The output voltage will increase with the output frequency.

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Seite 13 11.04.2012 Industry Sector
 Practices
Control mode and energy saving

Application Compare the energy-saving performance of V/f, V2/f and Eco by the
Main circuit energy calculation function
Motor control  Long term running pump and fan drive
Practices  Run the machine in each mode
 Compare the saved kWh, money and CO2
 The energy saved can be found in the parameter after the units of CO2 and currency.
 r0043[0] Energy saved in kWh
 r0043[1] Energy saved in CO2
 r0043[2] Energy saved in currency.

 The voltage boost can change the performance of the output torque
 Please explain this function according to the motor control theory.

 At the low speed, the voltage drop on the resistors can not be ignored. So the flux can
not be the rating value to output the enough torque to the load. In order to get the
enough voltage on the excitation circuit , the voltage of motor have to be increased for
short time. Then the voltage drop can be compensated.

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Thank you for your attention!

Xing Shengzhi
Product Manager
I DT MC M3BF

No.18 Siemens Road Jiangning District Economic &

Technology Development Zone
Nanjing 211100, P.R.China

Phone: (..86) 25 8711 9756

Fax: (..86) 25 8711 9822

E-Mail:
Nur für shengzhi.xing@siemens.com
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