Radiographic Interpretation

Radiographs of Welds

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of root
penetration

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of root
Fusion

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Excess Penetration

Piping

MAG Process What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of root
fusion with
misalignment

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Excessive root
penetration

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Concave root

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Cluster porosity

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Burn through

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Cap undercut

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Wormholes/Piping

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Note: Grinding marks on parent plate
Cap undercut intermittent

Concave root
What’s the defect?
WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Hard Stamping Blow hole/piping

MAG process Lack of root fusion

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Note: Grinding marks on parent plate Porosity

Root undercut

Arc strike
indication
Porosity What’s the defects?
WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Root undercut

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Incomplete filled
groove

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Longitudinal
crack

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Cap Undercut Intermittent

Slag Line

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Slag line Poor stop/start

Slag line

What’s
WQAPL
the defect?
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Elongated slag
lines

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Linear
misalignment

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of sidewall
fusion

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Transverse
cracking

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Cap undercut intermittent Slag inclusions

Root piping
What’s the defect?
WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of sidewall
fusion + slag

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Linear Porosity

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Copper Inclusions

MAG Process
What’s the defect?
WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of sidewall
fusion + slag

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of root penetration

Burn through

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Note: Re-shoot lead letters in weld area

Cluster porosity throughout weld

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Crater crack or
Star crack

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Worm holes

Do you see anything else

Hard stamping

WQAPL What’s the defect?

Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

HAZ crack

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of root penetration

Copper inclusions

Lack of root penetration

MAG Process What’s the defects?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Note: Grinding marks throughout

Excess root penetration

Root undercut What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Crater cracks
+ crater pipe

No weld metal

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Lack of root penetration

Root undercut

Unfused filler wire

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Excess penetration

Flush weld

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Silica inclusions

MAG Process What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Cluster porosity

What’s the defect?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Cap undercut

Arc strike

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Do you see anything else?
Spatter / Debris

Excess Root
Penetration

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
What else can you see ?
Spatter

Piping

Gas pore

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Root undercut

WQAPL
What’s the defects?
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
What’s the defects?
Burn Through

MAG Process

Copper inclusions Lack of Root Penetration

Can you see anything

WQAPL else?
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
What’s the defects?
Lack of root fusion Incomplete filled groove

Lack of root Penetration Lack of root Penetration

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
What's the defects?
Slag Inclusions
Cap Undercut

Lack of Root Penetration

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
What defects can you see?
Parallel slag lines

Porosity
WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
What defects can you see?

Porosity

Crack Lack of sidewall fusion

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Interpass slag
inclusions

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Re-Shoot Lead letter in weld area

Transverse Cracks

Porosity Excess penetration What’s the defects?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Lack of root penetration What’s the defects?

Copper inclusions Incomplete

Incomplete filled groove
WQAPL filled groove
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Tungsten
inclusions

TIG Process
What’s the defects?
WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Herringbone porosity

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Gas inclusions Cracking

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Note: Grinding marks
Root concavity
Note: weld repair

Arc strike
What’s the defects?
WQAPL
 Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Note: Re-shoot lead letter in weld area

Lack of root penetration Excess penetration

Tungsten inclusions

TIG Process

What’s the defects?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds
Gas cavities Concave root intermittent

Slag inclusions
What’s the defects?
WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Light Fog
Light Leaks

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

What’s the Defect?

Cap undercut

Yellow Fog

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Crimping Mark
After Exposure

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Film Scratch

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Static Discharge

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Chemical Mark

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Film Mark
Films in contact in processor

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Water Marks

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Dust/Grime Marks

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Reticulation

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
Radiographic Interpretation of Welds

Diffraction Mottle

What’s the Artefact?

WQAPL
 WQAPL M.S.Rogers
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