6/11/2019 NCERT Solutions for Class 10th: Ch 2 Long Walk to Freedom English « Study Rankers

By Nelson Rohlihlahla Mandela

Page No: 18

Comprehension Check

1. Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public
buildings in India that are made of sandstone?

Answer

The ceremonies took place in the campus of the Union Building of

Pretoria.
The Parliament House in New Delhi, the Rashtrapati Bhavan in New
Delhi, the Supreme Court of India in New Delhi and Madras High Court in
Chennai are some examples of Indian public buildings that are made of
sandstone.

2. Can you say how 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa?

Answer

10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa because on this day there was
the largest gathering of international leaders on South African soil for the
installation of South Africa’s first democratic, non-racial government.

Page No: 19

3. At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary

human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious …
human achievement” he speaks of at the end?

Answer

By human disaster Mandela means to say that coloured people have

suffered a lot due to discrimination in the hands of whites. He considered
it as great glorious human achievement that a black person became the
president of a country where the blacks are not considered as human
being and are treated badly.
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4. What does Mandela thank the international leaders for?

Answer

Mandela felt privileged to be the host to the nations of the world because
not too long ago, the South Africans were considered outlaws. He thus
thanked all the international leaders for having come to witness his
investiture as President since this event could be considered as a
common victory for justice, peace and human dignity.

5. What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa?

Answer

Mandela set out the ideals of poverty alleviation, removal of suffering of

people. He also set the ideal for a society where there would be no
discrimination based on gender or racial origins.

Page No: 21

Oral Comprehension Check

1. What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed, and
why?

Answer

The highest military generals of the South African defence force and
police saluted Mandela and pledged their loyalty.
Their attitude towards blacks had taken great change. Instead of arresting
a black they saluted him.

2. Why were two national anthems sung?

Answer

On the day of the inauguration, two national anthems were sung, one by
the whites, and the other by the blacks. This symbolized the equality of
blacks and whites.
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3. How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country

(i) in the first decade, and (ii) in the final decade, of the twentieth century?

Answer

(i) In the first decade of the twentieth century, the white-skinned people of
South Africa patched up their differences and erected a system of racial
domination against the dark-skinned people of their own land, thus
creating the basis of one of the harshest and most inhumane societies the
world had ever known.
(ii) In the last decade of the twentieth century, the previous system had
been overturned forever and replaced by one that recognized the rights
and freedoms of all peoples, regardless of the colour of their skin.

4. What does courage mean to Mandela?

Answer

For Mandela courage does not mean the absence of fear but a victory
over fear. According to him brave men need not be fearless but should be
able to conquer fear.

5. Which does he think is natural, to love or to hate?

Answer

For Mandela, love comes more naturally to the human heart than hate.

Page No: 24

Oral Comprehension Check

1. What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention?

Answer

Mandela mentions that every man has twin obligations. The first is to his
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6/11/2019 NCERT Solutions for Class 10th: Ch 2 Long Walk to Freedom English « Study Rankers

his community and his country.

2. What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How
does he contrast these “transitory freedoms” with “the basic and
honourable freedoms”?

Answer

Like any other kid for Mandela also the freedom meant a freedom to
make merry and enjoy the blissful life. Once anybody becomes an adult
then antics of childhood looks like transitory because most of the childish
activity is wasteful from an adult’s perspective. Once you are adult then
someday you have to earn a livelihood to bring the bacon home, then only
you get an honourable existence in the family and in the society.

3. Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?

Answer
Mandela does not feel that the oppressor is free because according to
him an oppressor is a prisoner of hatred, who is locked behind the bars of
prejudice and narrow-mindedness. He feels that both the oppressor and
the oppressed are robbed of their humanity.

Thinking about the Text

1. Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the

inauguration? What did it signify the triumph of?

Answer

The presence of large number of international leaders was a gesture of

solidarity from international community to the idea of the end of apartheid.
It signified the triumph of good over evil, the triumph of the idea of a
tolerant society without any discrimination.

2. What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all
those African patriots” who had gone before him?

Answer
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6/11/2019 NCERT Solutions for Class 10th: Ch 2 Long Walk to Freedom English « Study Rankers

Mandela wants to pay his tribute to all the people who had sacrificed their
lives for the sake of freedom. he feels that he is the sum of all those
African patriots who had gone before him because those heroes of
yesterday years had paved the path of co-operation and unity for him.
Therefore, he got the support of his people to be able to come to power to
bring equality for his own people.

3.Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of

character? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own
examples to this argument?

Answer

Yes, I agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of

character”. Nelson Mandela illustrates this by giving examples of great
heroes of South Africa who sacrificed their lives in the long freedom
struggle. India is full of such examples. During our freedom struggle there
was a galaxy of leaders of great characters. Probably the oppression of
British rule created so many men of such characters. If we compare this
with the quality of political leaders India is having today, then Nelson
Mandela seems to be absolutely right.

4. How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and

experience?

Answer

With age Nelson Mandela realised that he had a lot of responsibilities of

his people, his community and his country. As a boy, Mandela did not
have a hunger for freedom because he thought that he was born free. He
believed that as long as he obeyed his father and abided by the customs
of his tribe, he was free in every possible manner. He had certain needs
as a teenager and certain needs as a young man. Gradually, he realized
that he was selfish during his boyhood. He slowly understands that it is
not just his freedom that is being curtailed, but the freedom of all blacks. It
is after attaining this understanding that he develops a hunger for the
freedom of his people.

5. How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life?

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Mandela realized in his youth that it was not just his freedom that was
being curtailed, but the freedom of all blacks. The hunger for his own
freedom became the hunger for the freedom of his people. This desire of
a non-racial society transformed him into a virtuous and self-sacrificing
man. Thus, he joined the African National Congress and this changed him
from a frightened young man into a bold man.

Thinking about Language

I. There are nouns in the text (formation, government) which are

formed from the corresponding verbs (form, govern) by suffixing −
(at)ion or ment. There may be change in the spelling of some verb −
noun pairs: such as rebel, rebellion; constitute, constitution.

1. Make a list of such pairs of nouns and verbs in the text.

Noun Verb

rebellion rebel

constitution constitute

Answer

Noun Verb

Rebellion Rebel

Constitution Constitute

Formation Form

Government Govern

Obligation Oblige
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6/11/2019 NCERT Solutions for Class 10th: Ch 2 Long Walk to Freedom English « Study Rankers

Transformation Transform

Discrimination Discriminate

Deprivation Deprive

Demonstration Demonstrate

Oppression Oppress

Imagination Imagine

2. Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the
verbs in brackets.

Martin Luther King’s __________ (contribute) to our history as an

outstanding leader began when he came to the __________ (assist) of
Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a
white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to
positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To
break these laws would mean __________ (subjugate) and __________
(humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, __________
(imprison) and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System.
Martin Lither King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent __________
(resist) to racial injustice.

Answer

Martin Luther King’s contribution (contribute) to our history as an

outstanding leader began when he came to the assistance (assist) of
Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a
white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to
positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To
break these laws would mean subjugation (subjugate) and humiliation
(humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment
(imprison) and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System.
Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent resistance
(resist) to racial injustice.

Page No: 25

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II. Here are some more examples of ‘the’ used with proper names.
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6/11/2019 NCERT Solutions for Class 10th: Ch 2 Long Walk to Freedom English « Study Rankers

Try to say what these sentences mean. (You may consult a

dictionary if you wish. Look at the entry for ‘the’)

1. Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchans and the Shah Rukh
Khans to his parties.
2. Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of our times.
3. History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons and the
Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well.

Answer

1. This means that Mr Singh regularly invites famous personalities such

as Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan to his parties.
2. This means that Madhuri Dixit is compared to a landmark in acting in
the form of legendary actress Madhubala.
3. This means that history is not only the story of the great fighters and
leaders such as Alexander, Napoleon and Hitler, but also of ordinary
people.

Page No: 26

III. Match, the italicised phrases in Column A with the phrase nearest
meaning in Column B. (Hint: First look for the sentence in the text
which the phrase in column A occurs.)

A B

( had not forgotten: was aware

1
I was not unmindful of the fact. i of the fact
.
)

( was not careful about the fact

i
i
)

( forgot or was not aware of the

i fact
i with offline learning.
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6/11/2019 NCERT Solutions for Class 10th: Ch 2 Long Walk to Freedom English « Study Rankers

i
)

( pushed by the guards to the

2 When my comrades and I were
i wall
. pushed to our limits
)

( took more than our share of

i beatings
i
)

( felt that we could not endure

i the suffering any longer
i
i
)

( make me go on walking
3 To reassure me and keep me
i
. going
)

( help me continue to live in

i hope in this very difficult
i situation
)

( make me remain without

i complaining
i
i
)

The basic and honourable ( earning enough money to live

4
freedoms of … earning my i on
.
keep… )

( keeping what I earned

i
i
)

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6/11/2019 NCERT Solutions for Class 10th: Ch 2 Long Walk to Freedom English « Study Rankers

i
i
i
)

Answer

A B

(
1 had not forgotten; was aware
I was not unmindful of the fact i
. of the fact
)

(
i
2 When my comrades and I were felt that we could not endure
i
. pushed to our limits the suffering any longer
i
)

(
help me continue to live in
3 To reassure me and keep me i
hope in this very difficult
. going i
situation
)

The basic and honourable (

4 earning enough money to live
freedoms of … earning my i
. on
keep… )

Summary of Long Walk to Freedom

Go Back To NCERT Solutions for Class 10th First Flight

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