Labplot 2

The LabPlot Handbook
Stefan Gerlach
Alexander Semke
Yuri Chornoivan
Garvit Khatri
2
Contents
1 Introduction 6
2 Using LabPlot 7
2.1 Interface Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Project Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Main Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Properties Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.5 Spreadsheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.6 Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.7 Workbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.8 Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.9 CAS Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.10 File Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.11 Datapicker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.12 Import Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.13 Export Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3 Command Reference 21
3.1 The File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 The Edit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 The Worksheet Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.4 The Spreadsheet Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5 The CAS Worksheet Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.6 The Datapicker Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.7 The Settings Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.8 The Help Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.9 Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4 Plotting 24
4.1 Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2 Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.3 Legends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5 Analysis functions 25
5.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2 Data reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.3 Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.4 Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.5 Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.6 Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.7 Curve fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.8 Fourier filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.9 Fourier transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6 Curve Tracing 29
6.1 Upload Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.2 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.3 Axis Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.4 Datapicker Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.5 Curve Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7 Advanced Topics 31
7.1 Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.1.1 Error bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.1.2 TeX label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8 Short Tutorials 32
8.1 Building a sine graph with LabPlot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.2 Building a graph from spreadsheet data with LabPlot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9 Examples 43
9.1 2D Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.2 Signal processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.3 Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.4 Import/Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.5 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10 Parser functions 45
10.1 Standard functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10.2 Trigonometric functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.3 Special functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.4 Random number distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10.5 Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10.6 GSL constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
11 Questions and Answers 61
12 License 62
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Abstract
LabPlot is a program for two-dimensional function plotting and data analysis.

Chapter 1
Introduction
LabPlot is a KDE application for interactive graphing and analysis of scientific data. LabPlot
provides an easy way to create, manage and edit plots.
Features:
• Project-based management of data
• Project-explorer for management and organization of created objects in different folders and
sub-folders
• Spreadsheet with basic functionality for manual data entry or for generation of uniform and
non-uniform random numbers
• Import of external ASCII-data into the project for further editing and visualization
• Export of spreadsheet to an ASCII-file
• Worksheet as the main parent object for plots, labels etc., supports different layouts and zoom-
ing functions
• Export of worksheet to different formats (pdf, eps, png and svg)
• Great variety of editing capabilities for properties of worksheet and its objects
• Cartesian plots, created either from imported or manually created data sets or via mathemati-
cal equation
• Definition of mathematical formulas is supported by syntax-highlighting and completion and
by the list of thematicaly grouped mathematical and physical constants and functions
• Investigation of plotted data is supported by many zooming and navigation features
• Several analysis functions and methods for data reduction, differentiation, integration, inter-
polation, smoothing, (nonlinear) fitting, Fourier filter and Fourier transform
• Linear and non-linear fits to data, several fit-models are predefined and custom models with
arbitrary number of parameters can be provided
• Supports many CAS backends like Maxima, Python, KAlgebra, Sage
• Nice Worksheet view for evaluating expressions
• Easy plugin based structure to add different Backends
• Plugin based assistant dialogs for common tasks (like integrating a function or entering a ma-
trix)
• Datapicker for manual or (semi-)automatic data extraction from imported images containing
plots and curves.
LabPlot can be found on its homepage at kde.org: https://labplot.kde.org/ .
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Chapter 2
Using LabPlot
2.1 Interface Overview

LabPlot follows the MDI (Multiple Document Interface) philosophy - all the created application
objects are placed as sub-windows in the Main Area of the application window. The Project
Explorer serves as the tool to create and organize those objects in a tree-like structure. The Prop-
erties Explorer is used to modify the properties of the currently selected object(s). Many functions
are reachable via the main menu and via object specific toolbars and context menus. Additional
information and application notifications are shown in the status bar.
2.2 Project Explorer

The Project Explorer is the main part of LabPlot aimed to handle its objects. Objects are orga-
nized in a tree-like structure representing the parent-child relations between the different objects.
Folders and sub-folders can introduce additional grouping for the different objects.
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Project explorer is a dockable window and can be placed at an arbitrary place. The user can
determine which columns should be shown by selecting/deselecting the columns of interest in
the context menu (right mouse button click on an empty place in the tree-view or its header).
Furthermore, the list of shown objects can be reduced by providing a filter in the Search/Filter
text field.
2.3 Main Area

Created objects having a view (like worksheet, spreadsheet etc.) are placed in the main area of the
application. Depending on the current setting for the user interface, windows are placed either
as independent and freely moveable sub-windows (interface ˝Sub-window view˝) or as tabs in
a tabbed view (interface ˝Tabbed view˝).
When sub-windows are used, all windows of objects belonging to the currently selected folder
only are shown. Alternatively, the visibility of windows can be extended to the currently selected
folder and its sub-folders or to all windows in the project. This behaviour is controlled via the
parameter ˝Window visibility policy˝ accessible via the context menu of the project explorer.
2.4 Properties Explorer

Properties explorer allows the user to modify the currently selected object in the project explorer.
A great variety of object properties can be edited in undoable/redoable way. Editing of multiple
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objects of the same time is also possible.

Properties explorer is a dockable window and can be placed at an arbitrary place.
2.5 Spreadsheet
The spreadsheet is the main part of LabPlot when working with data and consists of columns.
Column is the basic data set in LabPlot used for plotting and data analysis. Every column of the
spreadsheet is specified by its name and the type - numeric, text, month names, day names and
date and time. Also, for each type different representation formats can be assigned like decimal
or scientific format for numeric columns etc.
You can mask selected data points in the spreadsheet (Selection → Mask Selection from the
spreadsheet cell context menu). Masked data is not plotted and is also excluded from data anal-
ysis functions like fitting etc. Alternatively, you can mask or drop values in a column (Mask
Values or Drop Values from the column context menu) by specifying a range. When specifying
which values to mask or to drop, several operators (“equal to”, “greater than”, “lesser than”, etc.)
are available. These operations can help to hide or to remove some outliers in the data set prior
to, e.g., performing a fit to this data set.
Any spreadsheet function can be reached via the context menu (right mouse button click). You
can cut, copy and paste between spreadsheets, generate, normalize and sort data and finally
make plots out of your data.
New data can be produced either by entering it manually in the spreadsheet or by generating the
data according to a certain prescription. LabPlot provides 5 different methods to generate data,
accessible via the context menu of the column:
• Row Numbers - values in the column are set according to its row number, this provide an easy
way to quickly create an index.
• Const Values - values in the column are set to a constant value provided by the user.
• Equidistant values (for numeric columns only) - given the minimal and the maximal values,
the equidistant values can be either generated by fixing the total number of values in that range
or by fixing the increment (distance).
9
• Random values (for numeric columns only) - values are randomly generated according to
the selected distribution. To generate uniformly distributed random numbers, select ˝Flat˝
distribution.
In the simplest cases a non-uniform distribution is calculated analytically from the uniform
distribution of a random number generator by applying an appropriate transformation. More
complicated distributions are created by the acceptance-rejection method, which compares the
desired distribution against a distribution which is similar and known analytically.
• Function values (for numeric columns only) - values are generated according to a mathematical
function provided by the user, a column (data set) containing the function arguments has to be
provided. It is possible to define a multivariant function and to provide a data set (a column
in a spreadsheet) for each of the variables. The corresponding dialog supports the creation of
arbitrary number of variables.
10
Already existing data can be imported into a spreadsheet from external files via the ˝Import
Data˝ dialog. Imported data will be stored in the project file. Changes on data, performed either
in the spreadsheet or in the external file after the import, are not synchronized anymore.
The data in the spreadsheet can be exported to an external file (see Export Dialog).
2.6 Matrix
Matrix is another container for matrix-like data. This container is presented like a table or, al-
ternatively, as a two-dimensional greyscale image. The elements of such a table/matrix can be
thought as being the Z-values, Z=Z(X,Y), with X and Y values being the row and column num-
bers, respectively. The transition from the row and column numbers to the logical coordinates is
done via an explicit user-defined mapping of both representations.
The matrix data can either be entered manually or via an import from an external file. Similar to
the data generation for a column in a spreadsheet, the matrix can be filled with constant values
or via a formula, too. The screenshot below shows the image view of a matrix together with the
formula that was used to generate the matrix elements:
11
2.7 Workbook
Workbook helps the user to better organize and to group different data containers (Spreadsheet
and Matrix). This object serves as the parent container for multiple Spreadsheet- and/or Matrix-
objects and puts them together in a view with multiple tabs:
With folders it is already possible to bring some structure in the Project Explorer and to group
together several related objects (spreadsheets with data stemming from text files of similar ori-
gin, red, green and blue values of an image imported into three different matrices, etc.). With
Workbook the user has the possibility for another additional grouping.
2.8 Worksheet
The worksheet is, besides the data containers Spreadsheet and Matrix, another central part of the
application and provides an area for showing and grouping together different kinds of worksheet
objects - plots, labels etc.
12
Worksheets can either have a fixed size (a user defined size or one of the predefined sizes like A4,
Letter etc.) or they can fill out the complete available area for the worksheet window. Multiple
plots can be arranged on the worksheet in a vertical, horizontal or grid layouts.
Many properties of the worksheet like size, background colour and layout settings can be
changed in the ˝Worksheet properties˝ pane.
Different worksheet actions dealing with the creation of new objects, changing of the current
mouse mode or zooming can be accessed via the toolbar, main menu or the context menu of the
worksheet in the project explorer.
The results shown on the worksheet can be exported to different formats via the export dialog.
2.9 CAS Worksheet

The CAS worksheet is, besides the worksheet, the third central part of the application and pro-
vides an area to you use your favorite mathematical applications from within an elegant Work-
sheet Interface.
LabPlot offers you several choices for the backends you wish to use with it. The choice to make
depends on what you want to achieve.
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Currently the following backends are available:
Sage:
Sage is a free open-source mathematics software system licensed under the GPL. It com-
bines the power of many existing open-source packages, within a common Python-based
interface. See http://sagemath.org for more information.
Maxima:
Maxima is a system for the manipulation of symbolic and numeric expressions, including
differentiation, integration, Taylor series, Laplace transforms, ordinary differential equa-
tions, systems of linear equations, polynomials, sets, lists, vectors, matrices, and tensors.
Maxima yields high-precision numeric results by using exact fractions, arbitrary precision
integers, and variable precision floating point numbers. Maxima can plot functions and
data in two and three dimensions. See http://maxima.sourceforge.net for more informa-
tion.
R:
R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics, similar to the S
language and environment. It provides a wide variety of statistical (linear and nonlinear
modelling, classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, ...) and
graphical techniques, and is highly extensible. The S language is often the vehicle of choice
for research in statistical methodology, and R provides an open-source route to this. See
http://www.r-project.org for more information.
KAlgebra:
KAlgebra is a MathML-based graph calculator, that ships with KDE Education project. See
http://edu.kde.org/kalgebra/ for more information.
Qalculate!:
Qalculate! is not your regular software replication of the cheapest available calculator. Qal-
culate! aims to make full use of the superior interface, power and flexibility of modern
computers. The center of attention in Qalculate! is the expression entry. Instead of entering
each number in a mathematical expression separately, you can directly write the whole ex-
pression and later modify it. The interpretation of expressions is flexible and fault tolerant,
14
and if you nevertheless do something wrong, Qalculate! will tell you so. Not fully solvable
expressions are however not errors. Qalculate! will simplify as far as it can and answer with
an expression. In addition to numbers and arithmetic operators, an expression may contain
any combination of variables, units, and functions. See http://qalculate.sourceforge.net/
for more information.
Python2:
Python is a remarkably powerful dynamic programming language that is used in a wide
variety of application domains. There are several Python packages to scientific program-
ming.
Python is distributed under Python Software Foundation license (GPL compatible). See the
official website for more information.
N OTE
This backend adds an additional item to the Cantor’s main menu, Package. The only item of this
menu is Package → Import Package. This item can be used to import Python packages to the
worksheet.
WARNING
This backend supports Python 2 only.
Scilab:
Scilab is an free software, cross-platform numerical computational package and a high-
level, numerically oriented programming language.
Scilab is distributed under CeCILL license (GPL compatible). See http://www.scilab.org/
for more information.
WARNING
You need Scilab version 5.5 or higher to be installed in your system to make this backend usable.
Octave:
GNU Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It
provides a convenient command line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems
numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is
mostly compatible with MATLAB. See http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ for more
information.
Lua:
Lua is a fast and lightweight scripting language, with a simple procedural syntax. There
are several libraries in Lua aimed at math and science.
See http://www.lua.org/ for more information.
This backend supports luajit 2.
2.10 File Data Source

A file data source is very similar in spirit to a spreadsheet with imported data from an external
file. The difference is that the imported data cannot be shown and edited in LabPlot after the
import anymore. This can be sufficient e.g. if you only want to plot the data stemming from a
calculation in an external program (and exported to an ASCII-file afterwards).
15
Since no spreadsheet has to be filled with the imported data, the import into a file data source is
faster than into a spreadsheet which can be advantageously when dealing with big files.
It is possible to store the link to the external file in the project file only and not its content. Each
time the project file is opened in LabPlot, the content is read from the external file again. Also, it
is possible to let LabPlot watch the file for changes - the content of the file data source is updated
if the external file was changed.
The additional options determining the import of the data are equivalent to those provided in
Import Dialog.
2.11 Datapicker
Datapicker is a tool that allows you to easily extract data from image files. The process of extrac-
tion consists mainly out of the following steps:
• Import an image containing plots and curves where you want to read the data points from.
• Select the plot type (cartesian, polar, etc.).
• Select tree reference points and provide values for them. With the help of these points the
logical coordinate system is determined.
• Create a new datapicker curve and set the type of the error bars.
• Switch to the mouse mode ˝Set Curve Points˝ and start selecting points on the imported image
- the coordinates for the selected points are determined and added to the spreadsheet ˝Data˝.
It is possible to add more then one datapicker curve. This is useful in case the imported image
contains several curves that need to be digitized. The datapicker curve that is currently being
selected in the Project Explorer is the ˝active˝ one - points clicked on the datapicker image will
be calculated and added to its data spreadsheet.
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Calculated values are stored in different columns in data spreadsheets in the datapicker. These
columns behave exactly the same like other columns in usual spreadsheets and can be directly
used as source columns for curves in your own plots.
Datapicker supports the process of the data extraction with several helpers. To place the points
more precisely, a magnification glass with different magnification levels is available. Also, the last
selected point can be shifted with the help of the navigation keys. Furthermore, when reading
data points having error bars, datapicker automatically creates bars indicating the end points of
the error bars. Those bars can be pulled with the mouse until the required length (the distance to
the data point) is reached.
The procedure for the extraction of data from an imported plot as described above is feasible
when dealing with a limited number of points. In case the curves in the imported image are
given as solid lines, the datapicker tool in LabPlot allows to read them (semi-)automatically. For
this, after a new datapicker curve was added as described above, switch to the mouse mode
˝Select Curve Segments˝. The curves on the plot are recognized and highlighted. By clicking
on a highlighted curve (or one of its segments), points along this curve are created. The length
of a segment and the density of created points (separation between two points) are adjustable
parameters. On the screenshots below, after switching to the segment mode all black lines were
highlighted (green colour). In this specific case, the curve was recognized as a single segment
and a single mouse-click on this segment is sufficient to digitize this curve and to automatically
place points along the curve.
In many cases the plot is not as simple as above (single black curve on white background) and
contains grid lines, many curves of different colour and thinness and a non-white background.
In such a case the automatic detection fails (too many or no objects are highlighted). To help the
datapicker to determine the curve(s) correctly, the user has to limit the allowed ranges in the HSV
(or HSI) colour spaces. To subtract the non-white background it is possible to limit the range for
the foreground colour, too. Internally, each pixel of the image is converted to black and white
where only the points fitting into the user-defined ranges for hue, saturation, value, intensity
and foreground are set to black.
On the screenshots below, the blue curves in the original image were projected onto by having
appropriately reduced the allowed ranges in the colour space (note the peak for blue in the his-
togram for the hue). The transformed black and white image contains only the curves the user is
interested in and it is now an easy task for the datapicker to determine the curves and to place
points on them.
17
Similar to Worksheet, the currently visible area in the datapicker can be exported. The supported
image formats as described in the section Export Dialog.
2.12 Import Dialog

In the import dialog you can import data into one of the available spreadsheets or matrices in
LabPlot. The supported data formats are
• ASCII
• Binary
• Image
• NetCDF
• HDF5
• FITS
Preview of all supported file types is available in the import dialog. For data formats with com-
plex internal structures (like NetCDF, HDF5 and FITS), the content of the file is presented in a tree
view that allows comfortable navigation through the file. A versatile dialog to edit the headers
(keywords) of a FITS file is also provided.
Import of ascii and binary data compressed with gzip, bzip2 or xz can be done directly as the
decompression happens transparently for the user.
The name of the file containing the data to import has to be provided. The File Info button opens
a dialog where some information about the selected file is shown. The type of the data can be
specified - currently, only ASCII files containing several data sets (vectors) stored as columns are
supported. The filter - automatic or custom - determines how the file has to be parsed. Selecting
the filter ˝custom˝, several parameters like separating character etc. can be provided manually
in this case.
The start and end row to read can be customized using the Data portion to read tab. To read all
data specify -1 as an end row or column.
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2.13 Export Dialog

A worksheet can be exported to several graphics format (vector and raster). The export is done
via the export dialog reachable via the Export in the main toolbar or File → Export in the main
menu.
Besides the graphics format, the user can specify which part of the worksheet has to be exported
and whether the background has to be exported or not. Also, for raster graphics the image
resolution can be provided.
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The content of a spreadsheet can be exported to an external text or FITS file. In the export dialog
for spreadsheets the user can specify the character separating values of different columns. Op-
tionally, the header of the spreadsheet (names of the columns in the spreadsheet) can be exported.
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Chapter 3
Command Reference
3.1 The File Menu
File → New (Ctrl-N)

Creates a new LabPlot project file.
In a project file all settings and all plots are stored in ASCII format.
File → Open (Ctrl-O)
Opens a LabPlot project file.
File → Open Recent
Opens a recent LabPlot project file.
Here the last used 10 project files are listed.
File → Save (Ctrl-S)
Saves the actual project.
If you haven’t saved the project before the project is saved under a temporary project file
name.
File → Save As
Saves the actual project under a different name.
File → Print (Ctrl-P)
Prints the active plot.
Here a print dialog is opened where you can select the printer, different paper sizes, etc.
File → Print Preview
Open a print preview window. LabPlot allows you to choose print settings using the toolbar
of this window and view the result immediately.
File → New → Spreadsheet (Ctrl-=)
Creates a new spreadsheet in the current folder of LabPlot project.
File → New → Worksheet (Alt-X)
Creates a new worksheet in the current folder of LabPlot project.
File → New → Folder
Creates a new spreadsheet in the current folder of LabPlot project.
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File → New → File Data Source

Opens Import data to spreadsheet/matrix window.
File → Import (Ctrl-Shift-L)
Import data into the active spreadsheet
This item can be used to import data into LabPlot. Please read more in the import dialog
section.
File → Export
Saves the active plot as special format.
Currently supported are Encapsulated Postscript (EPS), Portable Document Format (PDF),
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) and Portable Network Graphics (PNG).
File → Close (Ctrl-W)
Closes the current opened LabPlot project file.
File → Quit (Ctrl-Q)
Quit LabPlot.
3.2 The Edit Menu
Edit → Undo/Redo History

Opens the LabPlot action history window. Select an item in the list to navigate to the corre-
sponding step.
3.3 The Worksheet Menu

This menu contains all the items that can also be found in the context menu (right mouse) of
a worksheet. The menu is only available when a worksheet object is selected on the Project
Explorer panel.
3.4 The Spreadsheet Menu

a spreadsheet. The menu is only available when a spreadsheet object is selected on the Project
Explorer panel.
3.5 The CAS Worksheet Menu

This menu contains all the items that can also be found in the context menu (right mouse) of a
CAS worksheet. The menu is only available when a worksheet object is selected on the Project
Explorer panel.
3.6 The Datapicker Menu

a datapicker. The menu is only available when a datapicker object is selected on the Project
Explorer panel.
22
3.7 The Settings Menu

This menu gives you the ability to change user settings.
Apart from the common KDE Settings menu entries described in the Settings Menu chapter of
the KDE Fundamentals LabPlot has this application specific menu entry:
Settings → Full Screen Mode (Ctrl-Shift-F)

Show the workspace in full screen mode.
3.8 The Help Menu

Additionally, LabPlot has the common KDE Help menu items. For more information, read the
section about the Help Menu of the KDE Fundamentals.
3.9 Toolbar
The main toolbar contains the main items that you can find in the different menus. More details
on this can be found in the KDE Fundamentals manual.
23
Chapter 4
Plotting
4.1 Plots
Plots can be created inside a worksheet via ˝Add new˝ in the context menu or in the application
menu via ˝Worksheet˝ by selecting ˝xy-plot˝ and the type of plot you like to have.
Within this xy-plot you can add a xy-curve containing data to show (again via the context menu
or application menu).
The settings of a plot can be changed in the corresponding dock widget. There are general settings
like geometry but also the range of the x- and y-axis (including scaling). The plot title can be set
in the ˝Title˝ tab of the dock widget. Background and border styles can be changed in the ˝Plot
Area˝ tab.
4.2 Curves
Curves contain data points that can be shown in a plot. There are three different method to create
curves: the standard xy-curve, a xy-curve from a mathematical expression and a xy-curve from a
data analysis function.
The standard xy-curve can be filled with values of a spreadsheet by selecting the x-data and y-
data as column of the spreadsheet in the xy-curve dock widget. Another method to fill a curve is
to use a mathematical expression. Here you can select any mathematical function and range to
create the curve. The third method to create a curve is to use a data analysis function. The data
and the analysis function can be selected in the dock widget of the analysis function.
For all types of curves the line and symbols styles can be changed in the dock widget. Also
annotated values and error bar settings can be changed here.
4.3 Legends
A legend can be easily added to a plot by using the context of application menu. It contains
information about all curves in a plot.
The settings of a legend (format and geometry) can be changed in the legend dock widget. Also
the legend title settings, the legend background and the layout can be changed in the correspond-
ing tab of the legend dock widget.
24
Chapter 5
Analysis functions
5.1 Overview
LabPlot supports a wide variety of data analysis functions:
• Data reduction
• Differentiation
• Integration
• Interpolation
• Smoothing
• Nonlinear curve fitting
• Fourier filter
• Fourier transform
All of them can be applied to any data consisting of x- and y-columns. The analysis functions
can be accessed using the Analysis menu or the context menu of a worksheet. The newly created
curves can be customized (line style, symbol style, etc.) like any other x-y-curve.
5.2 Data reduction

To reduce the number of data points without losing the features of a data set you can apply one
of several line simplification algorithm:
• Douglas-Peucker
• Visvalingam-Whyatt
• Reumann-Witkam
• Perpendicular distance simplification
• n-th point simplification
• Radial distance simplification
• Interpolation (nearest neighbor)
25
• Opheim
• Lang
The desired tolerance is automatically calculated from the data but can also be changed in the
dock widget.
5.3 Differentiation
Numerical differentiation of data can be done specifying:
• order of derivation (first to sixth order)

• order of accuracy (up to 4th order, depending on derivation order)
5.4 Integration
Numerical integration of data can be done specifying one of the methods
• rectangle (1-point) rule

• trapezoid (2-point) rule
• Simpson-1/3 (3-point) rule
• Simpson-3/8 (4-point) rule
The default method (trapezoid) should be suitable for most cases. The number of resulting data
points is reduced for both Simpson-rules due to the properties of these methods.
5.5 Interpolation
Interpolation of data can be done with several algorithm:
• linear
• polynomial (if number of data points < 100)
• cubic spline
• cubic spline (periodic)
• Akima spline
• Akima spline (periodic)
• Steffen spline (needs GSL ≥ 2.0)
• cosine
• exponential
• piecewise cubic Hermite (finite differences, Catmull-Rom, cardinal, Kochanek-Bartels)
• rational functions
26
The interpolating function is calculated with the given number n of data points and evaluated as:
• function
• derivative
• second derivative
• integral (starting from zero)
5.6 Smoothing
A number of different smoothing methods are supported:
• Moving average (central)

• Moving average (lagged)
• Percentile filter
• Savitzky-Golay
All smoothing methods support several padding modes (constant, periodic, mirror, nearest, etc.)
for the beginning and end of the data set. The moving averages support several weight func-
tions (uniform, triangular, binomial, parabolic, tricubic, etc.) which can be selected to weight the
selected data points depending on their distance.
5.7 Curve fitting

Linear and non-linear curve fitting of data can be done with several predefined fit-models (for
instance polynomial, exponential, Gaussian or custom) to data consisting of x- and y-columns
with an optional weight column. With a custom model any function with unlimited number of
parameters can be used for fitting. The results including statistical properties are displayed in
the results text.
The start values of the parameter can be set in the parameter dialog. It is also possible to fix
any parameter and set lower and upper limits to the values here. Be aware that reducing the
parameter space by fixing parameter or specifying limits can slow down convergence or avoid
finding a good result. It’s always a good idea to remove any parameter limitations when good
start values are found.
Following options can be set in the options dialog to optimize the fitting:
• Max. iterations: number of maximum iterations

• Tolerance: desired tolerance for result
• Evaluated points: number of points to evaluate the fit function
• Evaluate full range: evaluate the fit function for the full data range instead of evaluating only
for the given x range
• Use results as new start values: results will be the new parameter start values
27
5.8 Fourier filter

This function can be used to apply a Fourier filter to any data consisting of x- and y-columns.
Supported filter types are:
• Low pass
• High pass
• Band pass
• Band reject (band block)
where any of them can have the form
• Ideal
• Butterworth (order 1 to 10)
• Chebyshev type I or II (order 1 to 10)
• Optimal ˝L˝egendre (order 1 to 10)
• Bessel-Thomson (any order)
The cutoff value(s) can be specified in the units frequency (Hertz), fraction (0.0 to 1.0) or index of
the data points.
5.9 Fourier transform

To convert a signal from time to frequency domain or to change between other conjugate vari-
ables like position and momentum (k-space) a discrete Fourier transform can be applied. Follow-
ing options can be used to suite one needs:
• Window function (Welch, Hann, Hamming, etc.) to avoid leakage effects

• Output (magnitude, amplitude, phase, dB, etc.)
• One or two sided spectrum with or without shifting
• X axis scaling to frequency, index or period
28
Chapter 6
Curve Tracing
6.1 Upload Image

Datapicker can be created inside a project via Add new in the context menu of project/folder or
in the main toolbar. After that a new image can be added and can be changed via Plot in the
corresponding dock widget.
After uploading image different zooming options can be used from the context menu/datapicker
toolbar to change width and height of image. Image can also be rotated to an angle using Rota-
tion in the ˝edit˝ section of dock widget. After this user have to set axis points.
6.2 Symbols
Symbols are the points that can be drawn over image of datapicker. Symbols can be directly
created by mouse right click over the image. Symbols are mainly of two types, with and without
error-bar depending on the type of curve they belong.
Every curve of datapicker can have its own symbol style that can be changed in the Symbols sec-
tion of dock widget. ˝SelectAndMove˝ mouse mode can be used to select multiple points/sym-
bols and can be moved by using navigation keys.
6.3 Axis Points

Axis Points are the set of three reference points over image of datapicker. These points can be
set via Set Axis Points in the context menu of datapicker. After selecting points over image user
have to update their coordinate system type via Plot Type and logical positions via Ref. Points
in the dock widget.
6.4 Datapicker Curve

Datapicker-Curve can be created inside datapicker via New Curve in the context menu of dat-
apicker. A curve can have different types of X and Y errors (No-error, symmetric, asymmetric).
This depends on the type of errors dock widget of datapicker have at the point of creation.
29
Every curve object contains all the curve points (hidden) and a spreadsheet that contains logical
positions of all its curve points, and provides options to update spreadsheet and to toggle visi-
bility of its curve points using the context menu. Mode Set Curve Points in the context menu of
datapicker should be selected in order to create curve points.
Multiple curve can be created for same datapicker. The created curve points always correspond
to the active curve of datapicker which can be changed via Active Curve option in the context
menu and dock widget of datapicker. Every curve of datapicker can have its own symbol style
that can be changed in the Symbols section of dock widget.
6.5 Curve Segments

Curve segment for datapicker can be created over image by switching mode to Select Curve
Segments in the context menu of datapicker. A segment is a selectable object over image which
can be selected by mouse right click over it.
Segments are created by processing of image on the basis range of colour attributes in order to
automatically trace curves. To improve results these range and types of colour attributes can
be changed in the ˝edit˝ section of dock-widget. Dock-widget also provides options to switch
among processed image and original image, and to set the minimum possible length of segments.
Once a segment is selected it will create curve points over it with a minimum specified distance
among them. The minimum specified distance among the points can be changed in the dock wid-
get of datapicker. User might have to select the segments again in order to observe the changes.
30
Chapter 7
Advanced Topics
Here you will find some explanations of advanced topics.
7.1 Topics
7.1.1 Error bars

If you want to plot data with error bars just import your data with the import dialog into your
project. Then use the Error bars tab of the curve properties to select Error type, choose the error
column from the Data, +- list. Format of the error bars can be defined using the Format: pane.
7.1.2 TeX label

For using TeX label you just have to activate the switch button TeX in the Title tab. With that
every text you enter in the text box is rendered by TeX and plotted accordingly. Since this con-
version takes some time you may see a certain delay when redrawing the plot.
31
Chapter 8
Short Tutorials
8.1 Building a sine graph with LabPlot

In this chapter you will find explanations on how to build a simple plot for a curve in the Carte-
sian coordinates from a mathematical equation.
1. Click on the New button or press Ctrl-N on the keyboard.
32
2. Click on the Project item on the Project Explorer panel with the right mouse button and
choose Add new → Worksheet or press Alt-X on the keyboard.
3. Click on the Worksheet item on the Project Explorer panel with the right mouse button
and choose Add new → xy-plot → two axes, centered.
33
4. Click on the xy-plot item on the Project Explorer panel with the right mouse button and
choose Add new → xy-curve from a mathematical equation.
5. Use the xy-equation-curve properties pane on the right to enter sin(x) into the y=f(x)
field (for the list of available functions please see chapter 10), -6 into the x, min field, 6 into
the x, max field and click on the Recalculate button to see the result.
34
N OTE
LabPlot highlights unknown syntax in the y=f(x) field. This is useful to control the correctness of
the input.
I MPORTANT
The list of the known functions can be found in corresponding section of this manual.
6. Switch to the Line tab on the xy-equation-curve properties pane and choose cubic spline
(natural) from the Type drop down box.
35
7. Switch to the Symbol tab on the xy-equation-curve properties pane and choose none from
the Style drop down list.
choose Add new → legend. Switch to the Title tab on the Cartesian plot legend properties
pane and enter Graph of sine into the Text field.
9. Choose File → Export from the main menu. Select the place and the format to save the plot.
36
8.2 Building a graph from spreadsheet data with LabPlot

In this chapter you will find explanations on how to build a simple plot from spreadsheet data.
1. Click on the New button or press Ctrl-N on the keyboard.
37
choose Add new → Spreadsheet or press Ctrl-= on the keyboard.
3. Click on the header of the first column of the spreadsheet with the left mouse button then
click on any of its cells with right mouse button and choose Selection → Fill Selection with
→ Row Numbers.
38
Select Automatic (g) from the Format drop down box on the Column properties right dock
to enhance data presentation for the first column.
4. Click on the header of the second column of the spreadsheet with the right mouse button
and choose Generate Data → Random Values.
choose Add new → Worksheet or press Alt-X on the keyboard.
39
6. Click on the Worksheet item on the Project Explorer panel with the right mouse button
and choose Add new → xy-plot → box plot, four axes.
choose Add new → xy-curve.
40
8. Use the xy-curve properties pane on the right to select Project → Spreadsheet → 1 in the
x-data field (just click on the item and press Enter). Use the same procedure to select 2 for
the y-data field. The results will be shown on the worksheet immediately.
9. Click on the Spreadsheet item on the Project Explorer panel with the left mouse button
then click on the second column header with the right mouse button and choose Sort →
Ascending.
41
10. Click on the Worksheet item on the Project Explorer panel with the left mouse button to
see the results.
42
Chapter 9
Examples
9.1 2D Plotting
Coming soon ...
9.2 Signal processing
Fourier filter
A time signal containing Morse code is Fourier transformed to frequency space to see the
main component. By applying a narrow band pass filter the Morse signal is extracted and
a nice ‘SOS’ can be seen:
9.3 Computing
43
Maxima
Maxima session showing the chaotic dynamics of the Duffing oscillator. The differential
equation of the forced oscillator are solved with Maxima. Plots of the trajectory, the phase
space of the oscillator and the corresponding Poincaré map are done with LabPlot:
Python
Python session illustrating the effect of Blackman windowing on the Fourier transform:
9.4 Import/Export
Coming soon ...
9.5 Tools
Coming soon ...
44
Chapter 10
Parser functions
The LabPlot parser allows you to use following functions:
10.1 Standard functions
Function Description
cbrt(x) Cube root
ceil(x) Truncate upward to integer
fabs(x) Absolute value
gamma(x) Gamma function
ldexp(x,y) x * 2y
ln(x) Logarithm, base e
log(x) Logarithm, base e
log1p(x) log(1+x)
log10(x) Logarithm, base 10
logb(x) Radix-independent exponent
pow(x,n) power function xn
powint(x,n) integer power function xn
pow2(x) power function x2
rint(x) round to nearest integer
round(x) round to nearest integer
sqrt(x) Square root
tgamma(x) Gamma function
Returns the greatest integer less than or
trunc(x)
equal to x
45
10.2 Trigonometric functions
sin(x) Sine
cos(x) Cosine
tan(x) Tangent
asin(x) Inverse sine
acos(x) Inverse cosine
atan(x) Inverse tangent
atan2(y,x) Inverse tangent function of two variables
sinh(x) Hyperbolic sine
cosh(x) Hyperbolic cosine
tanh(x) Hyperbolic tangent
asinh(x) Inverse hyperbolic sine
acosh(x) Inverse hyperbolic cosine
atanh(x) Inverse hyperbolic tangent
sec(x) Secant
csc(x) Cosecant
cot(x) Cotangent
asec(x) Inverse secant
acsc(x) Inverse cosecant
acot(x) Inverse cotangent
sech(x) Hyperbolic secant
csch(x) Hyperbolic cosecant
coth(x) Hyperbolic cotangent
asech(x) Inverse hyperbolic secant
acsch(x) Inverse hyperbolic cosecant
acoth(x) Inverse hyperbolic cotangent
sinc(x) Sinc function sin(π x) / (π x)
logsinh(x) log(sinh(x)) for x > 0
logcosh(x) log(cosh(x))
√
hypot(x,y) Hypotenuse function {x2 + y2 }
hypot3(x,y,z) √ 2 2 2
{x + y + z }
anglesymm(α) force the angle α to lie in the range (-π,π]
anglepos(α) force the angle α to lie in the range (0,2π]
10.3 Special functions

For more information about the functions see the documentation of GSL.
Ai(x) Airy function Ai(x)
Bi(x) Airy function Bi(x)
Ais(x) scaled version of the Airy function SAi (x)
Bis(x) scaled version of the Airy function SBi (x)
Aid(x) Airy function derivative Ai’(x)
Bid(x) Airy function derivative Bi’(x)
Aids(x) derivative of the scaled Airy function SAi (x)
46
Bids(x) derivative of the scaled Airy function SBi (x)

Ai0(s) s-th zero of the Airy function Ai(x)
Bi0(s) s-th zero of the Airy function Bi(x)
s-th zero of the Airy function derivative
Aid0(s)
Ai’(x)
s-th zero of the Airy function derivative
Bid0(s)
Bi’(x)
regular cylindrical Bessel function of zeroth
J0(x)
order, J0 (x)
regular cylindrical Bessel function of first
J1(x)
order, J1 (x)
regular cylindrical Bessel function of order
Jn(n,x)
n, Jn (x)
irregular cylindrical Bessel function of
Y0(x)
zeroth order, Y0 (x)
irregular cylindrical Bessel function of first
Y1(x)
order, Y1 (x)
Yn(n,x)
order n, Yn (x)
regular modified cylindrical Bessel function
I0(x)
of zeroth order, I0 (x)
I1(x)
of first order, I1 (x)
In(n,x)
of order n, In (x)
scaled regular modified cylindrical Bessel
I0s(x)
function of zeroth order, exp (-|x|) I0 (x)
I1s(x)
function of first order, exp(-|x|) I1 (x)
Ins(n,x)
function of order n, exp(-|x|) In (x)
irregular modified cylindrical Bessel
K0(x)
function of zeroth order, K0 (x)
K1(x)
function of first order, K1 (x)
Kn(n,x)
function of order n, Kn (x)
scaled irregular modified cylindrical Bessel
K0s(x)
function of zeroth order, exp(x) K0 (x)
K1s(x)
function of first order, exp(x) K1 (x)
Kns(n,x)
function of order n, exp(x) Kn (x)
regular spherical Bessel function of zeroth
j0(x)
order, j0 (x)
regular spherical Bessel function of first
j1(x)
order, j1 (x)
regular spherical Bessel function of second
j2(x)
order, j2 (x)
regular spherical Bessel function of order l,
jl(l,x)
jl (x)
irregular spherical Bessel function of zeroth
y0(x)
order, y0 (x)
47
irregular spherical Bessel function of first

y1(x)
order, y1 (x)
irregular spherical Bessel function of
y2(x)
second order, y2 (x)
irregular spherical Bessel function of order
yl(l,x)
l, yl (x)
scaled regular modified spherical Bessel
i0s(x)
function of zeroth order, exp(-|x|) i0 (x)
i1s(x)
function of first order, exp(-|x|) i1 (x)
i2s(x)
function of second order, exp(-|x|) i2 (x)
ils(l,x)
function of order l, exp(-|x|) il (x)
scaled irregular modified spherical Bessel
k0s(x)
function of zeroth order, exp(x) k0 (x)
k1s(x)
function of first order, exp(x) k1 (x)
k2s(x)
function of second order, exp(x) k2 (x)
kls(l,x)
function of order l, exp(x) kl (x)
regular cylindrical Bessel function of
Jnu(ν,x)
fractional order ν, Jν (x)
Ynu(ν,x)
fractional order ν, Yν (x)
regular modified Bessel function of
Inu(ν,x)
fractional order ν, Iν (x)
scaled regular modified Bessel function of
Inus(ν,x)
fractional order ν, exp(-|x|) Iν (x)
irregular modified Bessel function of
Knu(ν,x)
fractional order ν, Kν (x)
logarithm of the irregular modified Bessel
lnKnu(ν,x)
function of fractional order ν,ln(Kν (x))
scaled irregular modified Bessel function of
Knus(ν,x)
fractional order ν, exp(|x|) Kν (x)
J0_0(s) s-th positive zero of the Bessel function J0 (x)
J1_0(s) s-th positive zero of the Bessel function J1 (x)
Jnu_0(nu,s) s-th positive zero of the Bessel function Jν (x)
clausen(x) Clausen integral Cl2 (x)
lowest-order normalized hydrogenic bound
√
hydrogenicR_1(Z,R) state radial wavefunction R1 := 2Z Z
exp(-Z r)
n-th normalized hydrogenic bound state
hydrogenicR(n,l,Z,R)
radial wavefunction
dawson(x) Dawson’s integral
first-order Debye function D1 (x) = (1/x)
D1(x) R x t - 1)) dt
0 (t/(e
second-order Debye function D2 (x) = (2/x2 )
D2(x) R x 2 t
0 (t /(e - 1)) dt
third-order Debye function D3 (x) = (3/x3 )
D3(x) R x 3 t - 1)) dt
0 (t /(e
fourth-order Debye function D4 (x) = (4/x4 )
D4(x) R x 4 t - 1)) dt
0 (t /(e
48
fifth-order Debye function D5 (x) = (5/x5 )

D5(x) R x 5 t
0 (t /(e - 1)) dt
sixth-order Debye function D6 (x) = (6/x6 )
D6(x) R x 6 t
0 (t /(e - 1)) dt
Li2(x) dilogarithm
Kc(k) complete elliptic integral K(k)
Ec(k) complete elliptic integral E(k)
F(phi,k) incomplete elliptic integral F(phi,k)
E(phi,k) incomplete elliptic integral E(phi,k)
P(phi,k,n) incomplete elliptic integral P(phi,k,n)
D(phi,k,n) incomplete elliptic integral D(phi,k,n)
RC(x,y) incomplete elliptic integral RC(x,y)
RD(x,y,z) incomplete elliptic integral RD(x,y,z)
RF(x,y,z) incomplete elliptic integral RF(x,y,z)
RJ(x,y,z) incomplete elliptic integral RJ(x,y,z,p)
√ R
erf(x) error function erf(x) = 2/ π 0 x exp(-t2 ) dt
complementary error function erfc(x) = 1 -
erfc(x) √ R
erf(x) = 2/ π x ∞ exp(-t2 ) dt
logarithm of the complementary error
log_erfc(x)
function log(erfc(x))
Gaussian probability function Z(x) =
erf_Z(x)
(1/(2π)) exp(-x2 /2)
upper tail of the Gaussian probability
erf_Q(x)
function Q(x) = (1/(2π)) x ∞ exp(-t2 /2) dt
R
hazard(x) hazard function for the normal distribution

exp(x) Exponential, base e
expm1(x) exp(x)-1
exponentiate x and multiply by the factor y
exp_mult(x,y)
to return the product y exp(x)
(exp(x)-1)/x using an algorithm that is
exprel(x)
accurate for small x
2(exp(x)-1-x)/x2 using an algorithm that is
exprel2(x)
accurate for small x
n-relative exponential, which is the n-th
expreln(n,x)
generalization of the functions ‘exprel’R
exponential integral E1 (x), E1 (x) := Re 1 ∞
E1(x)
exp(-xt)/t dt
second-order exponential integral E2 (x),
E2(x)
E2 (x) := Re 1 ∞ exp(-xt)/t2 dt
R
exponential integral E_n(x) of order n, En (x)

En(x)
:= Re 1 ∞ exp(-xt)/tn dt)
R
R
exponential integral E_i(x), Ei(x) := PV( -x ∞
Ei(x)
exp(-t)/tRdt)
shi(x) Shi(x) = 0 x sinh(t)/t dt
integral Chi(x) := Re[ GE + log(x) + 0 x
R
chi(x)
(cosh[t]-1)/t dt ]
exponential integral Ei3 (x) = 0 x exp(-t3 ) dt
R
Ei3(x)
for x >= 0
Sine integral Si(x) = 0 x Rsin(t)/t dt
R
si(x)
Cosine integral Ci(x) = - x ∞ cos(t)/t dt for x
ci(x)
>0
Arctangent integral AtanInt(x) = 0 x
R
atanint(x)
arctan(t)/t dt
49
complete Fermi-Dirac integral with an

Fm1(x)
index of -1, F-1 (x) = ex / (1 + ex )
F0(x)
index of 0, F0 (x) = ln(1 + ex )
F1(x) R
index of 1, F1 (x) = 0 ∞ (t /(exp(t-x)+1)) dt
index of 2, F2 (x) = (1/2) 0 ∞ (t2
R
F2(x)
/(exp(t-x)+1)) dt
index of j, Fj (x) = (1/Γ(j+1)) 0 ∞ (tj
R
Fj(j,x)
/(exp(t-x)+1)) dt
Fmhalf(x) complete Fermi-Dirac integral F-1/2 (x)
Fhalf(x) complete Fermi-Dirac integral F1/2 (x)
F3half(x) complete Fermi-Dirac integral F3/2 (x)
incomplete Fermi-Dirac integral with an
Finc0(x,b)
index of zero, F0 (x,b) = ln(1 + eb-x ) - (b-x)
lngamma(x) logarithm of the Gamma function
gammastar(x) regulated Gamma Function Γ* (x) for x > 0
reciprocal of the gamma function, 1/Γ(x)
gammainv(x)
using the real Lanczos method.
fact(n) factorial n!
doublefact(n) double factorial n!! = n(n-2)(n-4)...
lnfact(n) logarithm of the factorial of n, log(n!)
lndoublefact(n) logarithm of the double factorial log(n!!)
combinatorial factor ‘n choose m’ =
choose(n,m)
n!/(m!(n-m)!)
lnchoose(n,m) logarithm of ‘n choose m’
taylor(n,x) Taylor coefficient xn / n! for x >= 0, n >= 0
poch(a,x) Pochhammer symbol (a)x := Γ(a + x)/Γ(x)
logarithm of the Pochhammer symbol (a)x
lnpoch(a,x)
:= Γ(a + x)/Γ(x)
relative Pochhammer symbol ((a,x) - 1)/x
pochrel(a,x)
where (a,x) = (a)x := Γ(a + x)/Γ(a) R
incomplete Gamma Function Γ(a,x) = x ∞
gammainc(a,x)
ta-1 exp(-t) dt for a > 0, x >= 0
normalized incomplete Gamma Function
P(a,x) = 1/Γ(a) x ∞ ta-1 exp(-t) dt for a > 0,
R
gammaincQ(a,x)
x >= 0
complementary normalized incomplete
Gamma Function P(a,x) = 1/Γ(a) 0 x ta-1
R
gammaincP(a,x)
exp(-t) dt for a > 0, x >= 0
Beta Function, B(a,b) = Γ(a) Γ(b)/Γ(a+b) for
beta(a,b)
a > 0, b > 0
logarithm of the Beta Function, log(B(a,b))
lnbeta(a,b)
for a > 0, b > 0
normalize incomplete Beta function
betainc(a,b,x)
B_x(a,b)/B(a,b) for a > 0, b > 0
C1(ń,x) Gegenbauer polynomial Cń 1 (x)
Cn(n,ń,x) Gegenbauer polynomial Cń n (x)
hyperg_0F1(c,x) hypergeometric function 0 F1 (c,x)
50
confluent hypergeometric function

hyperg_1F1i(m,n,x) 1 F1 (m,n,x) = M(m,n,x) for integer
parameters m, n
hyperg_1F1(a,b,x) 1 F1 (a,b,x) = M(a,b,x) for general parameters
a,b
hyperg_Ui(m,n,x)
U(m,n,x) for integer parameters m,n
hyperg_U(a,b,x) confluent hypergeometric function U(a,b,x)
hyperg_2F1(a,b,c,x) Gauss hypergeometric function 2 F1 (a,b,c,x)
Gauss hypergeometric function 2 F1 (aR + i
hyperg_2F1c(aR ,aI ,c,x)
aI , aR - i aI , c, x) with complex parameters
renormalized Gauss hypergeometric
hyperg_2F1r(aR ,aI ,c,x)
function 2 F1 (a,b,c,x) / Γ(c)
renormalized Gauss hypergeometric
hyperg_2F1cr(aR ,aI ,c,x)
function 2 F1 (aR + i aI , aR - i aI , c, x) / Γ(c)
hyperg_2F0(a,b,x) hypergeometric function 2 F0 (a,b,x)
L1(a,x) generalized Laguerre polynomials La 1 (x)
principal branch of the Lambert W
W0(x)
function, W0 (x)
secondary real-valued branch of the
Wm1(x)
Lambert W function, W-1 (x)
P1(x) Legendre polynomials P1 (x)
Pl(l,x) Legendre polynomials Pl (x)
Q0(x) Legendre polynomials Q0 (x)
Q1(x) Legendre polynomials Q1 (x)
Ql(l,x) Legendre polynomials Ql (x)
Plm(l,m,x) associated Legendre polynomial Pl m (x)
normalized associated Legendre
√ √
polynomial {(2l+1)/(4π)} {(l-m)!/(l+m)!}
Pslm(l,m,x) m
Pl (x) suitable for use in spherical
harmonics
irregular Spherical Conical Function
Phalf(ń,x)
P1/2 -1/2 + i ń (x) for x > -1
regular Spherical Conical Function
Pmhalf(ń,x)
P-1/2 -1/2 + i ń (x) for x > -1
Pc0(ń,x) conical function P0 -1/2 + i ń (x) for x > -1
Pc1(ń,x) conical function P1 -1/2 + i ń (x) for x > -1
Regular Spherical Conical Function
Psr(l,ń,x)
P-1/2-l -1/2 + i ń (x) for x > -1, l >= -1
Regular Cylindrical Conical Function
Pcr(l,ń,x)
P-m -1/2 + i ń (x) for x > -1, m >= -1
zeroth radial eigenfunction of the Laplacian
H3d0(ń,η) on the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space,
LH3d 0 (ń,,η) := sin(ń η)/(ń sinh(η)) for η >= 0
zeroth radial eigenfunction of the Laplacian
on the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space,
H3d1(ń,η) √
LH3d 1 (ń,η) := 1/ {ń2 + 1} sin(ń η)/(ń
sinh(η)) (coth(η) - ń cot(ń η)) for η >= 0
51
L’th radial eigenfunction of the Laplacian

H3d(l,ń,η) on the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space eta
>= 0, l >= 0
logabs(x) logarithm of the magnitude of X, log(|x|)
log(1 + x) for x > -1 using an algorithm that
logp(x)
is accurate for small x
log(1 + x) - x for x > -1 using an algorithm
logm(x)
that is accurate for small x
digamma function ψ(n) for positive integer
psiint(n)
n
psi(x) digamma function ψ(n) for general x
real part of the digamma function on the
psi1piy(y)
line 1+i y, Re[ψ(1 + i y)]
Trigamma function ψ’(n) for positive
psi1int(n)
integer n
psi1(n) Trigamma function ψ’(x) for general x
polygamma function ψ(m) (x) for m >= 0, x >
psin(m,x)
0 R
first synchrotron function x x ∞ K5/3 (t) dt
synchrotron1(x)
for x >= 0
second synchrotron function x K2/3 (x) for x
synchrotron2(x)
>= 0
J2(x) transport function J(2,x)
zetaint(n) Riemann zeta function ζ(n) for integer n
zeta(s) Riemann zeta function ζ(s) for arbitrary s
zetam1int(n) Riemann ζ function minus 1 for integer n
zetam1(s) Riemann ζ function minus 1
zetaintm1(s) Riemann ζ function for integer n minus 1
hzeta(s,q) Hurwitz zeta function ζ(s,q) for s > 1, q > 0
etaint(n) eta function η(n) for integer n
eta(s) eta function η(s) for arbitrary s
10.4 Random number distributions

For more information about the functions see the documentation of GSL.
probability density p(x) for a Gaussian
gaussian(x,σ)
distribution with standard deviation σ
unit Gaussian distribution. They are
ugaussian(x) equivalent to the functions above with a
standard deviation of σ = 1
cumulative distribution functions P(x) for
gaussianP(x,σ) the Gaussian distribution with standard
deviation σ
52
cumulative distribution functions Q(x) for

gaussianQ(x,σ) the Gaussian distribution with standard
deviation σ
inverse cumulative distribution functions
gaussianPinv(P,σ) P(x) for the Gaussian distribution with
standard deviation σ
inverse cumulative distribution functions
gaussianQinv(Q,σ) Q(x) for the Gaussian distribution with
standard deviation σ
cumulative distribution function P(x) for
ugaussianP(x)
the unit Gaussian distribution
cumulative distribution function Q(x) for
ugaussianQ(x)
the unit Gaussian distribution
inverse cumulative distribution function
ugaussianPinv(P)
P(x) for the unit Gaussian distribution
ugaussianQinv(Q)
Q(x) for the unit Gaussian distribution
probability density p(x) for a Gaussian tail
gaussiantail(x,a,σ) distribution with standard deviation σ and
lower limit a
tail of a unit Gaussian distribution. They
ugaussiantail(x,a) are equivalent to the functions above with a
standard deviation of σ = 1
probability density p(x,y) for a bivariate
gaussian distribution with standard
gaussianbi(x,y,σx ,σy ,ρ)
deviations σx , σy and correlation coefficient
ρ
probability density p(x) for an exponential
exponential(x,μ)
distribution with mean μ
cumulative distribution function P(x) for an
exponentialP(x,μ)
exponential distribution with mean μ
exponentialQ(x,μ)
an exponential distribution with mean μ
exponentialPinv(P,μ) P(x) for an exponential distribution with
mean μ
exponentialQinv(Q,μ) Q(x) for an exponential distribution with
mean μ
probability density p(x) for a Laplace
laplace(x,a)
distribution with width a
cumulative distribution function P(x) for a
laplaceP(x,a)
Laplace distribution with width a
cumulative distribution function Q(x) for a
laplaceQ(x,a)
Laplace distribution with width a
laplacePinv(P,a) P(x) for an Laplace distribution with width
a
laplaceQinv(Q,a) Q(x) for an Laplace distribution with width
a
probability density p(x) for an exponential
exppow(x,a,b) power distribution with scale parameter a
and exponent b
53
cumulative probability density P(x) for an

exppowP(x,a,b) exponential power distribution with scale
parameter a and exponent b
cumulative probability density Q(x) for an
exppowQ(x,a,b) exponential power distribution with scale
parameter a and exponent b
probability density p(x) for a Cauchy
cauchy(x,a) (Lorentz) distribution with scale parameter
a
cauchyP(x,a)
Cauchy distribution with scale parameter a
cauchyQ(x,a)
Cauchy distribution with scale parameter a
cauchyPinv(P,a) P(x) for a Cauchy distribution with scale
parameter a
cauchyQinv(Q,a) Q(x) for a Cauchy distribution with scale
parameter a
probability density p(x) for a Rayleigh
rayleigh(x,σ)
distribution with scale parameter σ
rayleighP(x,σ) Rayleigh distribution with scale parameter
σ
rayleighQ(x,σ) Rayleigh distribution with scale parameter
σ
rayleighPinv(P,σ) P(x) for a Rayleigh distribution with scale
parameter σ
rayleighQinv(Q,σ) Q(x) for a Rayleigh distribution with scale
parameter σ
probability density p(x) for a Rayleigh tail
rayleigh_tail(x,a,σ) distribution with scale parameter σ and
lower limit a
probability density p(x) for the Landau
landau(x)
distribution
probability density p(x) for a gamma
gammapdf(x,a,b)
distribution with parameters a and b
gammaP(x,a,b) gamma distribution with parameters a and
b
gammaQ(x,a,b) gamma distribution with parameters a and
b
gammaPinv(P,a,b) P(x) for a gamma distribution with
parameters a and b
gammaQinv(Q,a,b) Q(x) for a gamma distribution with
parameters a and b
54
probability density p(x) for a uniform

flat(x,a,b)
distribution from a to b
flatP(x,a,b)
uniform distribution from a to b
flatQ(x,a,b)
uniform distribution from a to b
flatPinv(P,a,b)
P(x) for a uniform distribution from a to b
flatQinv(Q,a,b)
Q(x) for a uniform distribution from a to b
probability density p(x) for a lognormal
lognormal(x,ζ,σ)
distribution with parameters ζ and σ
lognormalP(x,ζ,σ) lognormal distribution with parameters ζ
and σ
lognormalQ(x,ζ,σ) lognormal distribution with parameters ζ
and σ
lognormalPinv(P,ζ,σ) P(x) for a lognormal distribution with
parameters ζ and σ
lognormalQinv(Q,ζ,σ) Q(x) for a lognormal distribution with
parameters ζ and σ
probability density p(x) for a X2 distribution
chisq(x,ν)
with ν degrees of freedom
chisqP(x,ν)
X2 distribution with ν degrees of freedom
chisqQ(x,ν)
X2 distribution with ν degrees of freedom
chisqPinv(P,ν) P(x) for a X2 distribution with ν degrees of
freedom
chisqQinv(Q,ν) Q(x) for a X2 distribution with ν degrees of
freedom
probability density p(x) for an
fdist(x,ν1 ,ν2 ) F-distribution with ν1 and ν2 degrees of
freedom
cumulative distribution function P(x) for an
fdistP(x,ν1 ,ν2 ) F-distribution with ν1 and ν2 degrees of
freedom
fdistQ(x,ν1 ,ν2 ) an F-distribution with ν1 and ν2 degrees of
freedom
fdistPinv(P,ν1 ,ν2 ) P(x) for an F-distribution with ν1 and ν2
degrees of freedom
fdistQinv(Q,ν1 ,ν2 ) Q(x) for an F-distribution with ν1 and ν2
degrees of freedom
probability density p(x) for a t-distribution
tdist(x,ν)
with ν degrees of freedom
55

tdistP(x,ν)
t-distribution with ν degrees of freedom
tdistQ(x,ν)
t-distribution with ν degrees of freedom
tdistPinv(P,ν) P(x) for a t-distribution with ν degrees of
freedom
tdistQinv(Q,ν) Q(x) for a t-distribution with ν degrees of
freedom
probability density p(x) for a beta
betapdf(x,a,b)
distribution with parameters a and b
betaP(x,a,b)
beta distribution with parameters a and b
betaQ(x,a,b)
beta distribution with parameters a and b
betaPinv(P,a,b) P(x) for a beta distribution with parameters
a and b
betaQinv(Q,a,b) Q(x) for a beta distribution with parameters
a and b
probability density p(x) for a logistic
logistic(x,a)
distribution with scale parameter a
logisticP(x,a)
logistic distribution with scale parameter a
logisticQ(x,a)
logistic distribution with scale parameter a
logisticPinv(P,a) P(x) for a logistic distribution with scale
parameter a
logisticQinv(Q,a) Q(x) for a logistic distribution with scale
parameter a
probability density p(x) for a Pareto
pareto(x,a,b)
distribution with exponent a and scale b
paretoP(x,a,b) Pareto distribution with exponent a and
scale b
paretoQ(x,a,b) Pareto distribution with exponent a and
scale b
paretoPinv(P,a,b) P(x) for a Pareto distribution with exponent
a and scale b
paretoQinv(Q,a,b) Q(x) for a Pareto distribution with exponent
a and scale b
probability density p(x) for a Weibull
weibull(x,a,b)
distribution with scale a and exponent b
weibullP(x,a,b) Weibull distribution with scale a and
exponent b
56

weibullQ(x,a,b) Weibull distribution with scale a and
exponent b
weibullPinv(P,a,b) P(x) for a Weibull distribution with scale a
and exponent b
weibullQinv(Q,a,b) Q(x) for a Weibull distribution with scale a
and exponent b
probability density p(x) for a Type-1
gumbel1(x,a,b) Gumbel distribution with parameters a and
b
gumbel1P(x,a,b) Type-1 Gumbel distribution with
parameters a and b
gumbel1Q(x,a,b) Type-1 Gumbel distribution with
parameters a and b
gumbel1Pinv(P,a,b) P(x) for a Type-1 Gumbel distribution with
parameters a and b
gumbel1Qinv(Q,a,b) Q(x) for a Type-1 Gumbel distribution with
parameters a and b
probability density p(x) at X for a Type-2
gumbel2(x,a,b) Gumbel distribution with parameters A
and B
gumbel2P(x,a,b) Type-2 Gumbel distribution with
parameters a and b
gumbel2Q(x,a,b) Type-2 Gumbel distribution with
parameters a and b
gumbel2Pinv(P,a,b) P(x) for a Type-2 Gumbel distribution with
parameters a and b
gumbel2Qinv(Q,a,b) Q(x) for a Type-2 Gumbel distribution with
parameters a and b
probability p(k) of obtaining k from a
poisson(k,μ)
Poisson distribution with mean μ
cumulative distribution functions P(k) for a
poissonP(k,μ)
cumulative distribution functions Q(k) for a
poissonQ(k,μ)
bernoulli(k,p) Bernoulli distribution with probability
parameter p
probability p(k) of obtaining p from a
binomial(k,p,n) binomial distribution with parameters p
and n
binomialP(k,p,n) binomial distribution with parameters p
and n
57

binomialQ(k,p,n) binomial distribution with parameters p
and n
nbinomial(k,p,n) negative binomial distribution with
parameters p and n
nbinomialP(k,p,n) negative binomial distribution with
parameters p and n
nbinomialQ(k,p,n) negative binomial distribution with
parameters p and n
pascal(k,p,n)
Pascal distribution with parameters p and n
pascalP(k,p,n)
pascalQ(k,p,n)
geometric(k,p) geometric distribution with probability
parameter p
geometricP(k,p)
geometric distribution with parameter p
geometricQ(k,p)
geometric distribution with parameter p
hypergeometric(k,n1 ,n2 ,t) hypergeometric distribution with
parameters n1 , n2 , t
cumulative distribution function P(k) for a
hypergeometricP(k,n1 ,n2 ,t) hypergeometric distribution with
cumulative distribution function Q(k) for a
hypergeometricQ(k,n1 ,n2 ,t) hypergeometric distribution with
probability p(k) of obtaining K from a
logarithmic(k,p) logarithmic distribution with probability
parameter p
10.5 Constants
Constant Description
e The base of natural logarithms
pi π
58
10.6 GSL constants

For more information about this constants see the documentation of GSL.
Constant Description
c The speed of light in vacuum
mu0 The permeability of free space
e0 The permittivity of free space
h The Planck constant h
hbar The reduced Planck constant ℏ
na Avogadro’s number
f The molar charge of 1 Faraday
k The Boltzmann constant
r0 The molar gas constant
v0 The standard gas volume
sigma The Stefan–Boltzmann constant
gauss The magnetic field of 1 Gauss
The length of 1 astronomical unit (mean
au
earth-sun distance)
G The gravitational constant
ly The distance of 1 light-year
pc The distance of 1 parsec
The standard gravitational acceleration on
gg
Earth
ms The mass of the Sun
ee The charge of the electron
eV The energy of 1 electron volt
amu The unified atomic mass
me The mass of the electron
mmu The mass of the muon
mp The mass of the proton
mn The mass of the neutron
alpha The electromagnetic fine structure constant
ry The Rydberg constant
a0 The Bohr radius
a The length of 1 angstrom
barn The area of 1 barn
muB The Bohr Magneton
mun The Nuclear Magneton
mue The magnetic moment of the electron
mup The magnetic moment of the proton
sigmaT The Thomson cross section for an electron
pD The debye
min The number of seconds in 1 minute
h The number of seconds in 1 hour
d The number of seconds in 1 day
week The number of seconds in 1 week
in The length of 1 inch
ft The length of 1 foot
yard The length of 1 yard
mil The length of 1 mil (1/1000th of an inch)
v_km_per_h The speed of 1 kilometer per hour
v_mile_per_h The speed of 1 mile per hour
59
nmile The length of 1 nautical mile

fathom The length of 1 fathom
knot The speed of 1 knot
pt The length of 1 printer’s point (1/72 inch)
texpt The length of 1 TeX point (1/72.27 inch)
micron The length of 1 micrometre
hectare The area of 1 hectare
acre The area of 1 acre
liter The volume of 1 liter
us_gallon The volume of 1 US gallon
can_gallon The volume of 1 Canadian gallon
uk_gallon The volume of 1 UK gallon
quart The volume of 1 quart
pint The volume of 1 pint
pound The mass of 1 pound
ounce The mass of 1 ounce
ton The mass of 1 ton
mton The mass of 1 metric ton (1000 kg)
uk_ton The mass of 1 UK ton
troy_ounce The mass of 1 troy ounce
carat The mass of 1 carat
gram_force The force of 1 gram weight
pound_force The force of 1 pound weight
kilepound_force The force of 1 kilopound weight
poundal The force of 1 poundal
cal The energy of 1 calorie
btu The energy of 1 British Thermal Unit
therm The energy of 1 Therm
hp The power of 1 horsepower
bar The pressure of 1 bar
atm The pressure of 1 standard atmosphere
torr The pressure of 1 torr
mhg The pressure of 1 meter of mercury
inhg The pressure of 1 inch of mercury
inh2o The pressure of 1 inch of water
psi The pressure of 1 pound per square inch
poise The dynamic viscosity of 1 poise
stokes The kinematic viscosity of 1 stokes
stilb The luminance of 1 stilb
lumen The luminous flux of 1 lumen
lux The illuminance of 1 lux
phot The illuminance of 1 phot
ftcandle The illuminance of 1 footcandle
lambert The luminance of 1 lambert
ftlambert The luminance of 1 footlambert
curie The activity of 1 curie
roentgen The exposure of 1 roentgen
rad The absorbed dose of 1 rad
N The force of 1 newton
dyne The force of 1 dyne
J The energy of 1 joule
erg The energy of 1 erg
60
Chapter 11
Questions and Answers
1. For which platforms is LabPlot available?

LabPlot is developed for Unix platforms and uses the Qt™ toolkit and KDE Frameworks.
Normally you can expect LabPlot to build and run on every platform KDE Frameworks
supports. A recent list of supported platforms and tips for compiling and running LabPlot
can be found on http://labplot.wiki.sourceforge.net/Download.
2. How do I export the active worksheet as image?
The standard way is to use File → Export. All Qt™ supported image formats are allowed.
Just select the desired format and the active worksheet is exported.
3. How do I use Greek letters for title, axes label, etc.?
Use π button to open character selector window or TE X to generate Greek letters and other
symbols using LA TE X.
4. I miss an important feature. What can I do?
Please take a look at the TODO file in the documentation of LabPlot. Here, all planned
features are listed in more or less sorted order which I will implement in future releases of
LabPlot. If you like to have additional features or like to have a listed feature soon, mail me
your wishes and, if possible, send me example data or a short description of what you like
to do. It is not unlikely that your feature will appear in the next stable release of LabPlot :-)
5. Many Analysis functions are disabled. What can I do?
It looks like your LabPlot package was compiled without GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
support. LabPlot was designed to even work on systems that are missing most of the stan-
dard libraries. Many distributions are shipping LabPlot packages without this additional
functionality. In this case some functions are not available. Fortunately some programs
(like pstoedit or texvc) can be added without recompiling LabPlot. You can always check
your system environment in the help menu of LabPlot.
The packages provided on the official download page are always built with the standard
libraries (GSL, etc.). You should use them to have all the features.
6. I want to help. How can I contribute to LabPlot?
Yes, of course. There are a lot things to do. Even if you don’t know anything about pro-
gramming we always need people to find bugs, test things and make suggestions. Also the
translation and documentation always needs a lot of work.
61
Chapter 12
License
LabPlot
Program copyright (c) 2007-2016 Stefan Gerlach stefan.gerlach@uni-konstanz.de Program copy-
right (c) 2008-2016 Alexander Semke Alexander.Semke@web.de
I MPORTANT
LabPlot is still under development. There is a long list of missing features that will be implemented in
later versions of LabPlot.
Because there are a lot things to do, developers need every help you can give. Any contribution
like wishes, corrections, patches, bug reports or screen shots is welcome.
Documentation copyright (c) 2007-2016 Stefan Gerlach stefan.gerlach@uni-konstanz.de Docu-
mentation copyright (c) 2008-2015 Alexander Semke Alexander.Semke@web.de Documentation
copyright (c) 2014 Yuri Chornoivan yurchor@ukr.net
This documentation is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
This program is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
62

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The LabPlot Handbook

11 Questions and Answers 61

LabPlot is a program for two-dimensional function plotting and data analysis.

2.1 Interface Overview

2.2 Project Explorer

2.3 Main Area

2.4 Properties Explorer

objects of the same time is also possible.

2.9 CAS Worksheet

Currently the following backends are available:

2.10 File Data Source

2.12 Import Dialog

2.13 Export Dialog

3.1 The File Menu

File → New (Ctrl-N)

File → New → File Data Source

3.2 The Edit Menu

Edit → Undo/Redo History

3.3 The Worksheet Menu

3.4 The Spreadsheet Menu

3.5 The CAS Worksheet Menu

3.6 The Datapicker Menu

3.7 The Settings Menu

Settings → Full Screen Mode (Ctrl-Shift-F)

3.8 The Help Menu

5.2 Data reduction

• order of derivation (first to sixth order)

• rectangle (1-point) rule

• Moving average (central)

5.7 Curve fitting

• Max. iterations: number of maximum iterations

5.8 Fourier filter

where any of them can have the form

5.9 Fourier transform

• Window function (Welch, Hann, Hamming, etc.) to avoid leakage effects

6.1 Upload Image

6.3 Axis Points

6.4 Datapicker Curve

6.5 Curve Segments

Here you will find some explanations of advanced topics.

7.1.1 Error bars

7.1.2 TeX label

8.1 Building a sine graph with LabPlot

1. Click on the New button or press Ctrl-N on the keyboard.

8.2 Building a graph from spreadsheet data with LabPlot

1. Click on the New button or press Ctrl-N on the keyboard.

9.2 Signal processing

The LabPlot parser allows you to use following functions:

10.1 Standard functions

10.2 Trigonometric functions

10.3 Special functions

Bids(x) derivative of the scaled Airy function SBi (x)

irregular spherical Bessel function of first

fifth-order Debye function D5 (x) = (5/x5 )

hazard(x) hazard function for the normal distribution

exponential integral E_n(x) of order n, En (x)

complete Fermi-Dirac integral with an

confluent hypergeometric function