Review MAT102

MAT102H5 - Introduction to Mathematical Proofs
Practice for the final Exam
This is only for more practice. The exam questions are not
similar or the same pattern. Some of the questions here will
be answered during the exam jam on Tuesday, April 11 .
1
√
1. If x is a real number such that x ≥ 0, prove that 2x ≤ 1 + x2 .
2. Find all real values of c, for them the equation cx2 + x − c = 0

(c 6= 0) has two distinct solutions.
3. Find all real numbers c for them the equation x2 − (c + 1)x + 1 = 0

has no real answer.
4. (a) Prove for any non-negative real numbers A and B we have

(A + B)2 ≥ A2 + B 2 .
(b) If x, y and z are three non-neagtive real numbers and x+y ≥ 5,
2
show that (x+y+z)
2 ≥ 5z.
5. If A, B and C are three sets, prove that A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪

(A × C).
6. The set R2 = R×R with the following addition and multiplication

is a field.
(a, b) + (c, d) = (a + c, b + d)
(a, b).(c, d) = (ac − bd, ad + bc)
Prove that the multiplication identity is (1, 0). Also prove that
the multiplicative inverse of (1, 1) is ( 21 , − 21 ).
2
7. Let f and g be the following two functions.
(
f :Z→Z×N
f (n) = (−n, n2 + 1)
and
(
g :Z×N→Q
n
g(n, m) = m
Find the formula for the composition g ◦ f and show that g ◦ f is

injective.
8. Write the negation of the following without using ¬ , , ≮ and ;

. You do not need to explain.
(∀x ∈ R)(∀y ∈ R)[((x + y ≤ 7) ∧ (xy = x)) ⇒ (x < 7)]
9. If P is false, Q is false, and R is true, is the statement [P ∧(¬Q)] ⇒

(R ∨ Q) true or false? Justify your answer.
10. Show that for any two real numbers x and y, we have 2xy ≤
2 2 3 2
3 x + 2 y . Note that there is no assumption that x or y are non-
negative.
√
11. Consider the set F = {a+b 5 where a, b ∈ Q} , with the following
addition and multiplication:
√ √ √
(a + b 5) + (c + d 5) = (a + c) + (b + d) 5
3
√ √ √
(a + b 5).(c + d 5) = (ac + 5bd) + (ad + bc) 5
Prove that the additive identity is 0, and the multiplicative iden-

tity is 1.
12. Express the following statement using only logic symbols: “ Every
integer is a sum of two integers”. You do not need to explain.
13. Write the negation of the following statement without using the
negation symbol ¬. You do not need to explain.
(∀x ∈ R)(∃y ∈ R)[(x + y)2 = x2 + y 2 ]
14. Use contrapositive to prove the following statement.

Let x ∈ R. If x3 + 5x = 40, then x < 3.
15. Let f : R → R and g : R → R be two functions. If f is strictly

increasing and g is strictly decreasing, what can we say about f ◦g
? Is it strictly increasing or strictly decreasing or neither?
16. True or false? Justify your answer.

Let f : A ∪ B → C be a function. If A ∩ B = ∅, and the restriction
of f to A is injective, also the restriction of f on B is injective,
then f : A ∪ B → C is an injective function.
17. Let (xn ) be a sequence given by the following recursion formula:

x1 = 3 , x2 = 7 and xn+1 = 5xn − 6xn−1 for n ≥ 2 .
Prove that for all n ∈ N, xn = 2n + 3n−1 .
4
18. Prove that for any even number n ∈ N, 23n−1 + 5.3n is divisible by
11.
19. Use Euclidean Algorithm to compute the GCD of 24 and 54 + 247 .

Also express the GCD as an integer linear combination of the two
numbers.
20. Let f : R \ {0} → (−∞, −2] ∪ [2, ∞) defined by f (x) = x + x1 ,

show that f is surjective. Is f injective? Why?

Let A and B be two distinct sets. If A and B are uncountable and
infinite, then (A \ B) ∪ (B \ A) is uncountable and infinite too.

Let A and B be two sets. P(A × B) = P(A) × P(B).
23. Consider the equivalence class relation congruence mod 7, on the

set of integers.
(a) Describe the equivalence class of 33.
(b) How many different equivalence classes are there in the rela-
tion?
(c) Which a ∈ Z satisfy the condition [a] = [15]? Explain.
24. What is the unit (ie. the rightmost) digit of 937 ?
25. (a) Let f : A → B be an arbitrary function. Prove that the
5
relation:
x ∼ y if and only if f (x) = f (y) on set A, is an equivalence
relation.
(b) Prove that f is injective if and only if any class under the
above equivalence relation has only one element.
(c) If f : R → [−1, 1] with f (x) = sin(x), describe the equivalence
class of 0, [0] under the above relation.
26. For each one of the following sets, decide if the set is countable,
uncountable or finite.
(a) Q × Q
(b) R \ { n+1
n : n ∈ Z, n 6= 0}
(c) P(Q)
(d) N ∪ (−∞, 9]

Review MAT102

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Review MAT102

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Review MAT102

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MAT102H5 - Introduction to Mathematical Proofs

Practice for the final Exam

2. Find all real values of c, for them the equation cx2 + x − c = 0

3. Find all real numbers c for them the equation x2 − (c + 1)x + 1 = 0

4. (a) Prove for any non-negative real numbers A and B we have

5. If A, B and C are three sets, prove that A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪

6. The set R2 = R×R with the following addition and multiplication

Find the formula for the composition g ◦ f and show that g ◦ f is

8. Write the negation of the following without using ¬ , , ≮ and ;

(∀x ∈ R)(∀y ∈ R)[((x + y ≤ 7) ∧ (xy = x)) ⇒ (x < 7)]

9. If P is false, Q is false, and R is true, is the statement [P ∧(¬Q)] ⇒

Prove that the additive identity is 0, and the multiplicative iden-

(∀x ∈ R)(∃y ∈ R)[(x + y)2 = x2 + y 2 ]

14. Use contrapositive to prove the following statement.

15. Let f : R → R and g : R → R be two functions. If f is strictly

16. True or false? Justify your answer.

17. Let (xn ) be a sequence given by the following recursion formula:

19. Use Euclidean Algorithm to compute the GCD of 24 and 54 + 247 .

20. Let f : R \ {0} → (−∞, −2] ∪ [2, ∞) defined by f (x) = x + x1 ,

21. True or false? Justify your answer.

22. True or false? Justify your answer.

23. Consider the equivalence class relation congruence mod 7, on the

24. What is the unit (ie. the rightmost) digit of 937 ?

25. (a) Let f : A → B be an arbitrary function. Prove that the

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.