LEGAL RESEARCH SYLLABUS (2020)

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COURSE OUTLINE IN LEGAL RESEARCH AND COMPUTER 1

Lyceum of the Philippines University
WednesdayFriday, 6:00 PM to 8:00 PM
First Second Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021

Atty. Mcgyver L. Doria

A. Introductory Reading

Betsy Sparrow, Jenny Liu & Daniel M. Wegner, Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive
Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips, 333 Science 776 (2011).
Thomas C. Grey, Langdell’s Orthodoxy, 45 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 1 (1983).
Robert C. Berring, Legal Research and Legal Concepts: Where Form Molds Substance, 75
California L. Rev. 15 (1987).
AMY E. SLOAN, Introduction to Legal Research (Ch. 1), in BASIC LEGAL RESEARCH: TOOLS AND
STRATEGIES, 22-44 (7th ed., 2018).
CARA O’NEILL, Understanding the Basics of the Law (Ch. 1), in LEGAL RESEARCH: HOW TO
FIND & UNDERSTAND THE LAW, 3-17 (18th ed., Nolo, 2018).
RUFUS B. RODRIGUEZ, Introduction to Legal Research (Ch. 1), The Legal Research Process (Ch.
2), and Fundamental Research Skill: Case Briefing and Synthesis of Cases (Ch. 3), in LEGAL
RESEARCH, 1-82 (2002).
MILAGROS SANTOS-ONG, Introduction (Ch. 1), in LEGAL RESEARCH AND LEGAL CITATIONS FOR
THE PHILIPPINES, 1-9 (2nd ed., 2018).2
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY, Canons 5, 10, 10.01, 10.02, and 18.02.
De Roy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 80718, 29 January 1988, 241 Phil. 804.
Re: Subpoena Duces Tecum dated 11 January 2010 of Acting Director Amante, A.M. No. 10-1-
13-SC, 2 March 2010, 627 Phil. 628.

Re: Subpoena Duces Tecum dated 11 January 2010 of Acting Director Amante, A.M. No. 10-1-
13-SC, 20 March 2012, 684 Phil. 489.

B. The Philippine Legal System

Myrna S. Feliciano, Historical Overview (Ch. 1) and Sources of Law (Ch. 2), in THE LEGAL
SYSTEM OF THE PHILIPPINES, ASEAN Law Association, 2005, at
https://www.aseanlawassociation.org/legal-system-in-philippines/.
MILAGROS SANTOS-ONG, Government Structure (Ch. 2), Legal System (Ch. 3), and Philippine
Legal Research (Ch. 4), in LEGAL RESEARCH AND LEGAL CITATIONS FOR THE PHILIPPINES,
10-99 (2nd ed., 2018).3
DANTE B. GATMAYTAN, Philippine History and the Legal System (Ch. 2), in LEGAL METHOD
ESSENTIALS, 8-40 (1st ed., 2012).

RUFUS B. RODRIGUEZ, The Philippine Legal System (Part III), in INTRODUCTION TO LAW, 117-
193 (2001).

1
Lecturer reserves the right to amend the course outline during the course of the semester.
2
See also Milagros Santos-Ong, Part I: Philippine Legal Research, GlobaLex, Hauser Global Law School Program, Section 1
(January/February 2020), at https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Philippines1.html#_1._Introduction.
3
See also id., Sections 2 thru 6, at https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Philippines1.html#_Political_Structure.

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VICENTE V. MENDOZA, The Origin and Development of the Philippine Constitutional System
(Part I), in FROM MCKINLEY’S INSTRUCTIONS TO THE NEW CONSTITUTION, 1-53 (1978).

C. Classification and Sources of Philippine Law

Myrna S. Feliciano, The Law Library: Revisiting Traditional Legal Research Methods, 34 IBP L.
J. 172 (2009).
DANTE B. GATMAYTAN, Authorities (Ch. 10), in LEGAL METHOD ESSENTIALS, 151-158 (1st ed.,
2012).

AMY E. SLOAN, Evaluating Search Options (Ch. 3) and Secondary Source Research (Ch. 4),
supra, 51-93.

D. Classification

1. By Authority (Mandatory and Persuasive)

2. By Source (Official and Unofficial)

E. Constitution

Angara v. Electoral Commission, et al., G.R. No. 45081, 15 July 1936, 63 Phil. 139.
Francisco v. House of Representatives, G.R. Nos. 160261, etc., 10 November 2003, 460 Phil.
830.

La Bugal B’laaaan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos, G.R. No. 127882, 27 January 2004,
465 Phil 860 (Vitug, Panganiban, J.J., separate opinions); and 1 December 2004, 486
Phil. 754 (Chico-Nazario, Tinga, J.J., concurring; Carpio, Carpio-Morales, J.J.,
dissenting).

F. Statutory Law

RUFUS B. RODRIGUEZ, Statutory Law (Ch. 4), in LEGAL RESEARCH, 83-149 (2002).

1. Effectivity of Laws

CONST., art. VI, secs. 26 and 27.

CIVIL CODE, art. 2, as amended by Executive Order No. 200 (1987), in relation to art. 13.
CIVIL CODE, art. 7.
Tañada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L- 63915, 24 April 1985, 230 220 Phil. 528422, and 29
December 1986, 230 Phil. 528.
Umali v. Estanislao, G.R. Nos. 104037 and 104069, 29 May 1992, 284-A Phil. 928.
Bengzon, et al. v. Drilon, G.R. No. 103524 and A.M. No. 91-8-225-CA, 15 April 1992,
284 Phil. 245.
Fariñas, et al. v. Executive Secretary, G.R. Nos. 147387 and 152161, 10 December 2003,
463 Phil. 179.

Garcillano v. House of Representatives Committee on Public Information, G.R. Nos.

170338 & 179275, 23 December 2008, 595 Phil. 775.

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2. Parts of a Statute

Act No. 2711 (1917), otherwise known as the Revised Administrative Code of 1917, as
amended, Book I, Title I, Chapter 1, Article III, secs. 6 to 10.
Lidasan v. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-28089, 25 October 1967, 128 Phil. 526.

People, et al. v. Hon. Echaves, Jr., et al., G.R. No. L-47757-61, 29 January 1980, 180
Phil. 535.

3. Enrolled bill doctrine

RULES OF COURT, Rule 129, sec. 1, and Rule 132, secs. 19 and 24.
Act No. 190 (1901), as amended by, inter alia, Act No. 2210 (1913), sec. 313.
Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, G.R. No. 1123, 05 March 1947, 78 Phil. 1.
U.S. v. Pons, G.R. No. 11530, 12 August 1916, 34 Phil. 729.
Casco Philippine Chemical Co., Inc. v. Gimenez, G.R. No. 17931, February 1963, 117
Phil. 363.
Astorga v. Villegas, G.R. No. L-23475, 30 April 1974, 155 Phil. 656.
Tolentino v. Sec. of Finance, G.R. No. 115455, 25 August 1994, 235 SCRA 630.
The King v. Arundel, United Kingdom, [1616] EWHC Ch J11, 80 ER 258; (1617) Hobart
109, 80 ER 268 (K.B. 1617), at
http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/1616/J11.html.
Field v. Clark, 143 U.S. 649 (1892).
David Sandler, Forget What You Learned in Civics Class: The “Enrolled Bill Rule” and
Why It’s Time to Overrule Field v. Clark, 41 Columbia J. of Law and Social
Problems 213 (2007).

4. Philippine Statutes

RUFUS B. RODRIGUEZ, Statutory Law (Ch. 4), in LEGAL RESEARCH, supra.

In re Shoop, 29 November 1920, 41 Phil. 213.

G. Case Law

DANTE B. GATMAYTAN, Case Law and Precedent (Ch. 5), in LEGAL METHOD ESSENTIALS,
78-99 (1st ed., 2012).

RUFUS B. RODRIGUEZ, Case Law (Ch. 5), in LEGAL RESEARCH, 150-181 (2002).

1. Manner of Adjudication

CONST., art. VIII, secs. 4, 13, 14, and 15.

B.P. Blg. 129, sec. 40.
RULES OF COURT, Rule 36, sec. 1 and Rule 120, sec. 2.
SC Admin Circular No. 1, 28 January 1988.
The Internal Rules of the Supreme Court (hereinafter, “SC Internal Rules”), A.M. No. 10-
4-20-SC, as amended, Rule 13, Sec. 6 & 7.

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Cabuay, Jr. v. Malvar, et al., G.R. No. 123780, 17 December 199924 September 2002,
438 Phil. 252.

Francisco v. Permskul and Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 81006, 12 May 1989, 255 Phil.
311.

2. Parts of a Case and Effect of a Decided Case

FEDERICO B. MORENO, PHILIPPINE LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, 77-80 (4th ed., 1973).

DANTE B. GATMAYTAN, The Decision (Ch. 7), The Dissenting Opinion (Ch. 8), and
Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dictum (Ch. 9), in LEGAL METHOD ESSENTIALS, 105-
150 (1st ed., 2012)
CIVIL CODE, art. 8.
Velarde v. Social Justice Society, G.R. No. 159357, 28 April 2004, 472 Phil. 285..
In Re: Letters of Atty. Estelito P. Mendoza re G.R. No. 178083 - Flight Attendants and
Stewards Association of the Philippines (FASAP) v. Philippine Airlines, Inc. (PAL),
Patria Chiong and Court of Appeals, A.M. No. 11-10-1-SC, 13 March 2012, 684
Phil. 55.4
Lambino v. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 174153 and 174299, 25 October 2006, 536 Phil. 1
(Panganiban, Sandoval-Gutierrez, Callejo, Sr., J.J., concurring; Ynares-Santiago,
Azcuña, Quisumbing, Tinga, Velasco, Jr., J.J., separate opinions; Puno, Corona,
Chico-Nazario, J.J., dissenting).
Cruz and Europa v. Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources, et al., G.R. No.
135385, 6 December 2000, 400 Phil. 904 (Puno, Vitug, Kapunan, Mendoza,
Panganiban, J.J., separate opinions).
Silva v. Mationg, G.R. No. 160174, 28 August 2006, 531 Phil. 324.
Nepomuceno v. City of Surigao and Sering, G.R. No. 146091, 28 July 2008, 582 Phil. 40.
Ayala Corporation v. Rosa-Diana Realty and Development Corporation, G.R. No.
134284, 1 December 2000, 400 Phil. 511.
Deutsche Bank AG Manila Branch v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No.
188550, 19 Aug 2013, 716 Phil. 676.

3. Decisions and Resolutions; Formalities

SC Internal Rules, Rule 11, secs. 6 and 7, and Rule 13, secs. 1 through 10, inclusive.

H. Treaties

CONST., art. II, sec. 2.

CONST., art. VII, sec. 21.

Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association of the Philippines v. Duque III, et al., G.R. No.
173034, 9 October 2007, 561 Phil. 386.

I. Ordinances

CONST., art. X, secs. 1 and 2.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE, sec. 16.

4
Note: Read the main case of FASAP v. Philippine Airlines, Patria Chiong and Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 178083, 23 July
2008, 581 Phil. 228; 02 October 2009, 617 Phil. 687; and 13 March 2018, 827 Phil. 680 as background.

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE, secs. 48 through 59, inclusive, in connection with secs. 390,
447, 458, and 468.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE, secs. 187 through 189, inclusive, and 241 and 242.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE, sec. 511.

Magtajas v. Pryce Properties, G.R. No. 111097, 20 July 1994, 304 Phil. 428.

J. Administrative Rules and Regulations

ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987, Book III, Ch. 1, sec. 1.

ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987, Book III, Ch. 2, secs 2 through 7, inclusive.
ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987, Book IV, Ch. 2, sec. 7.
ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987, Book IV, Ch. 11, secs. 50 through 53, inclusive.
ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987, Book VII, Ch. 2, secs. 3 through 9, inclusive.

Republic v. Pilipinas Shell Petroleum, G.R. No. 173918, 8 April 2008, 574 Phil. 134.
Mecano v. COA, G.R. No. 103982, 11 December 1992, 290-A Phil. 272.

K. Print Sources (domestic)

Feliciano, The Law Library, supra, at 184-189.

MILAGROS SANTOS-ONG, Philippine Legal Resources (Ch. 7), in LEGAL RESEARCH AND
LEGAL CITATIONS FOR THE PHILIPPINES, 133-249 (2nd ed., 2018).5

1. Philippine Reports

SC Internal Rules, Rules 14 and 17.

SC Administrative Circular No. 14-99, Inventory of Books of Lowers Courts and

Guidelines for the Establishment of Lower Court Libraries and Distribution of
Books.

2. Official Gazette

History of the Official Gazette, at https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/history-of-the-

official-gazette/.
Act No. 453 (1902), An Act providing for the publication by the Insular Government of
an Official Gazette, under the general direction of the Department of Public
Instruction, as amended by Act No. 664 (1903).
Commonwealth Act No. 638 (1941), An Act to Provide for the Uniform Publication and
Distribution of the Official Gazette.
Administrative Code of 1987, Book I, Ch. 6, secs. 24 and 25.

Executive Order No. 4, s. 2010, Reorganizing and Renaming the Office of the Press
Secretary as the Presidential Communication Operations Office; Creating the
Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office, and for
Other Purposes.

5
See also Milagros Santos-Ong, Part II: Philippine Legal Information Resources and Citations, GlobaLex, Hauser Global Law
School Program, Section 2 (January/February 2020), at
https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Philippines1_Part2.html#_Books_and_Other.

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3. National Administrative Register

Administrative Code of 1987, Book VII, Ch. 2, secs. 3 through 9, inclusive.

4. Unofficial print sources

L. Electronic, Digital, and Internet Sources of Law

A. The Digital Landscape

Betsy Sparrow, Jenny Liu & Daniel M. Wegner, Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive
Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips, 333 Science 776 (2011).
Carol M. Bast & Ransford C. Pyle, Legal Research in the Computer Age: A Paradigm Shift?,
93 Law Libr. J. 285 (2001).
Nazareth A.M. Pantaloni III, Legal Databases, Legal Epistemology, and the Legal Order, 86
Law Libr. J. 679 (1994).
Katrina Fischer Kuh, Electronically Manufactured Law, 22 Harv. J. L. & Tech. 223 (2008).
Robert C. Berring, Collapse of the Structure of the Legal Research Universe: The Imperative
of Digital Information, 69 Wash. L. Rev. 9 (1994).
Michelle M. Wu, Why Print and Electronic Resources are Essential to the Academic Law
Library, 97 Law Libr. J. 233 (2005), at
https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/783/.
Heirs of Gamboa v. Teves, G.R No. 176579, 28 June 2011, 668 Phil. 1; and 09
October 2012, 696 Phil. 276.

B. Internet Sources (domestic)

Feliciano, The Law Library, supra, at 184-189.

Milagros Santos-Ong, Philippine Legal Research (March 2015), GlobaLex, Hauser Global
Law School Program, Part B, at
https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Philippines1_Part2.html.

Maria Theresa G. Libunao, Towards A Center for Information for ASEAN Law, Workshop
Paper, The Establishment of a Centre of ASEAN Law Information, 11 th General
Assembly, ASEAN Law Association, Bali 2012, at
http://aseanlawassociation.org/workshop-eleventhGA.html.

1. Primary Sources

Agency URL

Official Gazette https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/

SC e-Library6 http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/

6
Note: Please create your SC e-Library accounts at http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/secquestion/secquestion_main.

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Agency URL

House of Representatives http://www.congress.gov.ph/download/

Senate https://www.senate.gov.ph/

Administrative Agencies various

2. Secondary Sources

Free access:

Provider URL

Chan Robles Virtual Firm Virtual http://lawlibrary.chanrobles.com/ or

Law Library http://www.chanrobles.com/index1.htm

The Lawphil Project, Arellano http://www.lawphil.net/

Law Foundation

Corpus Juris https://thecorpusjuris.com/

e-Codal https://sites.google.com/view/e-codal

Supra Source http://source.gosupra.com/

Digital Commons Network network.bepress.com

Subscription services:

e-SCRA by Central Books

CDAsia Online

Westlaw Philippines by Thomson Reuters

C. Essential Skills in Citation and Bibliography

MYRNA S. FELICIANO, PHILIPPINE MANUAL OF LEGAL CITATIONS (6th ed., 2013).

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Oscar Franklin Tan, Foreword, Sisyphus’ Lament, Part III: Citation and the Little Black Book, 79
Phil. L. J. 547 (2004).
THE BLUEBOOK: A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF CITATION, (20th ed., 2015), 3-29, and 57-231 (20th ed.,
2015).
ALWD & COLEEN M. BARGE, Introductory Material (Part 1) and Citation Basics (Part 2), in
ALWD GUIDE TO LEGAL CITATION, 1-8, 9-54 (6th ed., 2017).

MANUAL OF JUDICIAL WRITING (2005), at

http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/13/63376.

A. Rules of Citation

1. Whitepages and Bluepages

2. Propositions, Citation Sentences and Citation Clauses
3. Introductory Signals
4. Explanatory Parentheticals
5. Typefaces

6. Short citation forms

B. Copyediting and Proofreading

LAURA ANDERSON, Remembering What You Read (Ch. 5), Understanding the Writer’s
Language and Querying Effectively (Ch. 6), and Giving Clear Instructions (Ch. 6), in
MCGRAW-HILL’S PROOFREADING HANDBOOK, 26-37, 38-43, and 44-51 (2nd ed., 2006).

C. Star Pagination

1. Origins of Star Pagination

West Publishing Co. v. Mead Data Central, Inc., 616 F. Supp. 1571, (D. Minn. 1985).
West Publishing Co. v. Mead Data Central, Inc., 799 F.2d 1219 (8th Cir. 1986).

Mead Data Central, Inc. v. West Publishing Co., 479 U.S. 1070 (1987).

2. Contemporary Issues

U.S. and Plaintiff States v. The Thomson Corp. and West Publishing Co., Civil No.: 96-
1415 (PLF), U.S. DOJ, 07 March 1997.
William L. Anderson, Copyright Protection for Citations to a Law Reporter: West
Publishing Co. v. Mead Data Central, Inc., 71 Minnesota L. Rev. 991 (1987).

Thomas P. Higgins, West v. Mead Data Central: Has Copyright Protection Been
Stretched Too Far?, 10 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L. J. 95 (1997).

D. Citators: KeyCite & Sherpard’s Citations

Patti Ogden, Mastering The Lawless Science Of Our Law: A Story Of Legal Citation Indexes,
85 Law Libr. J. 1 (1993).
Laura C. Dabney, Citators: Past, Present, and Future, 27 L. Reference Servs. Q. 165, (2004).

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Fred R. Shapiro, Origins of Bibliometrics, Citation Indexing, and Citation Analysis: The
Neglected Legal Literature, 43 J. Am. Soc. For Info. Science, 337-339 (1992).

E. Published and Unpublished Opinions

Anastasoff v. U.S., No. 99-3917, 18 December 2000.

Anastasoff v. U.S., 223 F.3d 898 (8th Cir.), vacated on other grounds, 235 F.3d 1054 (8th
Cir., 2000).
Daniel B. Levin, Fairness and Precedent: Anastasoff v. United States, 110 Yale L. J. 1295,
1295-1302 (2001).
Anastasoff v. U.S.: The Continuing Controversy over the Precedential Effect of Unpublished
Opinions, American Bankruptcy Institute Journal (2001), at https://www.abi.org/abi-
journal/anastasoff-v-us-the-continuing-controversy-over-the-precedential-effect-of-
unpublished.

William R. Mills, The Shape of the Universe: The Impact of Unpublished Opinions on the
Process of Legal Research, 22 N.Y. L. Sch. J. Int’l & Comp. L. 59 (2003).

F. The Tragedy of Citations

A. Corporations may not be incorporators7

CIVIL CODE, art. 1767.

Tuason v. Bolanos, G.R. No. L-4935, 28 May 1954, 95 Phil. 106.
Aurbach, et al. v. Sanitary Wares Manufacturing Corporation, G.R. No. 75875, 15 December
1989, 259 Phil. 606.
SEC-OGC Opinion No. 16-22 dated 4 October 2016, citing SEC Opinions dated 26 Jan.
1961, 29 Feb 1980, 11 Nov. 1981, and 29 April 1985.

B. The Claims of Comfort Women and Jus Cogens

In Re: Charges of Plagiarism, etc. Against Associate Justice Mariano C. Del Castillo, A.M.
No. 10-7-17-SC, 15 October 2010, 647 Phil. 122 (Carpio-Morales and Sereno, J.J.,
dissenting); and 08 February 2011, 657 Phil. 11 (Carpio, Sereno, and Carpio-Morales,
J.J., dissenting; and Brion and Abad, J.J., separate concurring). 8

Re: Letter of the UP Law Faculty, A.M. No. 10-10-4-SC, 19 October 2010, 648 Phil. 1
(Carpio-Morales and Sereno, J.J., dissenting); 08 March 2011, 660 Phil. 1 (Carpio,
Carpio-Morales, Sereno, J.J., dissenting; and Villarama, J., separate); and 7 June 2011,
666 Phil. 1.

C. The Prohibition on Midnight Appointments

De Castro v. JBC, G.R. Nos. 191002, 191032, 191057, 191149, 191342, 191429, and A.M.
No. 10-2-5-SC, 17 March 2010, 629 Phil. 629 (Carpio-Morales, J., dissenting; Abad, J.,
concurring; Nachura, Brion, J.J., separate opinions).

7
Cf. REVISED CORPORATION CODE, sec. 35(h).
8
Note: Read also the main case of Vinuya, et al. v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 162230, 28 April 2010, 633 Phil. 538; and 13
August 2014, 741 Phil. 115.

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In Re: Appointments dated 30 March 1998 of Hon. Valenzuela and Hon. Vallarta, A.M. No.
98-5-01-SC, 9 November 1998, 358 Phil. 896.

Aytona v. Castillo, G.R. No. L-19313, 19 January 1962, at

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1962/01/19/g-r-no-l-19313-aytona-vs-castillo-et-al-
january-19-1962/.9

G. Contemporary Issues in Public Information Rights

Robert Berring, On Not Throwing Out the Baby: Planning the Future of Legal Information, 83
Calif. L. Rev. 615 (1995).
Ian Gallacher, Cite Unseen: How Neutral Citation and Americas Law Schools Can Cure Our
Strange Devotion to Bibliographical Orthodoxy and the Constriction of Open And Equal
Access to the Law, 70 Alb. L. Rev. 491 (2007).

Yochai Benkler, Freedom in the Commons: Towards a Political Economy of Information, 52

Duke L. J. 1245 (2003).

H. Comparative Legal Bibliography: United States

PDIC v. Citibank, N.A. and Bank of America, S.T. & N.A., G.R. No. 170290, 11 April 2012, 685
Phil. 429.
Sanders and Moreau, Jr. v. Hon. Veridiano II, et al., G.R. No. L-46930, 10 June 1988, 245 Phil.
63.

DEBORAH E. BOUCHOUX, Finding the Law (Ch. 1) and The Federal and State Court Systems (Ch.
2), in LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING FOR PARALEGALS, 37-90 (8th ed., 2017).

A. Federal Legislation

AMY E. SLOAN, Statutory Research (Ch. 7), supra, 162-202.

DEBORAH E. BOUCHOUX, Statutory Law (Ch. 3), supra, 91-130.

B. Federal Administrative Law

AMY E. SLOAN, Federal Administrative Law Research (Ch. 9, supra, 226-249.

C. Federal Case Reports

AMY E. SLOAN, Case Research (Ch. 5), supra, 94-137.

DEBORAH E. BOUCHOUX, Case Law and Judicial Opinions (Ch. 4), supra, 131-178.

D. Digest System and Annotated Law Reports

AMY E. SLOAN, Research with Citators (Ch. 6), supra, 138-161.

9
Alternatively, 4 SCRA 1.

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DEBORAH E. BOUCHOUX, The Use of Digests, Annotated Law Reports, and Words and
Phrases (Ch. 5), supra, 179-214.

E. Others

DEBORAH E. BOUCHOUX, Encyclopedias, Periodicals, Treatises, and Restatements (Ch. 6),

Miscellaneous Secondary Authorities (Ch. 7), and Updating and Validating Your
Research (Ch. 9), supra, 216-287, 360-380.

Grading System:

Attendance10 0%
Recitation 30%
Quizzes and Exercises 30%
Final Exam/Final Project 40%
TOTAL 100%

- end of syllabus -

10
However, perfect attendance merits a +0.25 in the Final Exam/Final Project grade.

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