Simulator Activities and Technical

Basis for the Development of FR

Simulator in Korea

IAEA Consultant’s Meeting

2016. 1. 26

Presented by Hae-Yong JEONG (Sejong University)

Supported by colleagues at KAERI
 Simulators for NPP Training

Simulator NPP Install/Upgrade Simulator Env. S/W

Kori #2 Kori #2 1998 GSE SSP

(Earlier ver. Of JADE)
Kori #3 Kori #3,4 1986 / 2008 GSE SSP /
WSC 3KeyMaster
YGN #1 YGN #1,2 2006 GSE SSP

YGN #3 YGN #3~6 1997 / 2010 GSE SSP

UJN #1 UJN #1,2 1990 CAE

UJN #3 UJN #3~6 2002 GSE SSP

WSG #2 WSG #1~4 1996 / 2008 L-3 MAPPS

Shin-Kori #1 Shin-Kori #1,2 2010 / 2012 WSC 3KeyMaster

Shin-WSG#1,2
Kori #1 Kori #1 2012 WSC 3KeyMaster

Shin-Kori #3 Shin-Kori #3,4 2012 WSC 3KeyMaster

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 2

 Projects for Simulator Development

 Past and Current Activities

– SMART simulator for MMI validation by MARS + JADE
• To validate Man-Machine Interface (MMI) of SMART
– HANARO full-scope simulator by MARS + 3KeyMaster
• MARS simulates Primary Cooling System (PCS)
• 3KeyMaster simulates RRS, SCS and BOP systems including control
systems
– JRTR (Jordan Research & Training Reactor) by MARS+3KeyMaster
• The focus is to validate RRS control logics in realistic environment
• MARS provides T/H condition and reactor power by control rod and
feedback
• Full scope simulator is under development
– SMART full-scope simulator by MARS + 3KeyMaster

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 3

 MARS-3KM Simulator Configuration

 MARS function
– One of the external tasks of 3KeyMaster
– Simulating NSSS or PCS for realistic TH behavior
– MARS TH calculation routine converted to static
library
– Interface files between 3KeyMaster and MARS
required
– Independent I.C. files for MARS for Reset/Snap

 3KeyMaster
– Simulator environment program
– RRS, RPS and BOP modeled

 InTouch
– Human-Machine interface software

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 4

 MARS Static Library-3KM Interface
 Extract Input / Output Variables from MARS code
– MARS can restart from own restart file (rstplt)
– Extract the whole variables for restarting
– Make new simulator variables from MARS restart variables (MARS*.h)

 Register these variables to 3KeyMaster

– To compose shared memory for Snap/Reset functions
– When snap activated, MARS creates its own IC files for 3KeyMaster
Extract MARS
MARS variables MARS task
(rstrec.f90)
Include
Lib (rtexMARS.
cpp)

Registered
variables 3Key 3KM
rstplt Mars*.h
(MARS.ogd) Master IC File

Conversion Reset/Snap
MARS
IC File
IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 5
 MARS-3KM Hydraulic System Interface

 Boundary input values are replaced with value of 3KeyMaster

– By using interactive control function of MARS shuch as
• Trips: Scram signal, pump trip signal, etc.
• Valves: Normalized valve area
• Time dependent junctions: Boundary flow rate control
• Time dependent volume: Pressure / enthalpy of boundary volume
• Control variables: Reactivity for point kinetics
• General table: power source from table

 Data transfer to 3KeyMaster

– Major TH results such as coolant temperature, system pressure, pool
water level, etc.
– Reactor power by point kinetics

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 6

 MARS Code

 A code for Best-Estimate System Analysis

– MARS comes from the combination of RELAP5 Mod 3.2 and COBRA-TF
– The original target was realistic LB-LOCA analysis
– 1-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional hydraulic components
– Code structure is modernized with FORTRAN-90 features

 Other Applications
– KINS, the regulatory body, is using MARS-KS as an auditing tool
– Versions for Gen-IV Reactor analysis are under development
• MARS-GCR for gas-cooled reactors
• MARS-LMR for sodium-cooled fast reactors

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 7

 Technical Specification of MARS

 Machine and OS
– PC with Window OS
– Linux

 Code coupling features

– Coupling technique : Dynamic link library

DLL Link
– Containment code
CONTAIN
– 3D Kinetics code (containment)

– Severe accident code MIDAS CONTEMPT4

(Severe accident) (containment)

Main Driver
MASTER
MARS
(3D Kinetics)
(System T/H Analysis Code)
3 Fluid, Multidimensional Model
COBRA FORTRAN 90, Structured Variables, DMM
(subchannel)

GUI
Software Simulator

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 8

 MARS-LMR for SFR Analysis
100 0.0010

 Sodium Properties
90
MARS-LMR
0.0008
ANL '79(Exp.)
80 MARS-LMR

Conductivity (W/m-K)
ANL '79(Exp.)

Viscosity (kg/m-s)
0.0006

– Physical properties with Soft-phere model

70

60
0.0004
50

– Dynamic properties with Experimental 40

30
0.0002

data 400 500 600 700 800

Temperature (K)
900 1000 1100
0.0000
400 500 600 700 800
Temperature (K)
900 1000 1100

 Sodium Thermal-hydraulics
– Heat transfer model
2
10
Symbol Investigator Fluid Symbol : Experimental data by Rehme and Marten
1.0
Borishanskii Na, Hg Lines : Cheng-Todreas Model
o
Dwyer at =30
o
Hg 0
Dwyer at =0
o
Hg H/D=8.33

• Modified Schad for turbulent

0.8

Subbotin 0.6
1
10

Nu

CT
12.5

• Subbotin for laminar

Modified Schad
0.4
16.7

25.0
0.2
50.0

– Core friction factor 10

0

1
10 10
2
10
3 4
10
0.0
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Pe P/D

• Cheng-Todreas model
 Reactivity feedback models 0.10

0.05
0.1

– Axial fuel expansion

0.00 0.0

-0.05

Reactivity, $

Reactivity, $
-0.10 -0.1

– Radial core expansion

-0.15 rkdopp rkdopp
rkmodd rkmodd
-0.20 -0.2
rkaxial rkaxial
rkradial rkradial
-0.25
rkcrdm

– Control rod expansion

rkcrdm
-0.30 -0.3
0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500
Time, s Time, s

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 9

 MARS-LMR Validation & Application

 EBR-II experiment
950
Exp. (TTC 31)
1 Experiment(Upper Flowmeter) Calculation (430-10)
1 Calculation Experiment(Upper
900 Flowmeter)
Calculation (430-11)
Calculation

– SHRT 17, 39, 45 have been simulated

Normalized flow rate

Normalized flow rate

850

Temperature, K
– Results shows good agreement with data
800
0.1
0.1 750

700

 Phenix EOL test 0.01

0 0.01 50 100 150 200 250

650

0 50 100 150 200 250

– Natural circulation and asymmetry tests

Time, s Time, s
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time, s
<EBR-II SHRT-17 LOF analysis results>
were analyzed
– The 3-D effect is found to be important
440 440

 Safety analyses of PGSFR

: Phenix data : Phenix data
: Pump 1-MARS-LMR : Pump 1-MARS-LMR
420 420
: Pump 2-MARS-LMR : Pump 2-MARS-LMR
: Pump 3-MARS-LMR : Pump 3-MARS-LMR

Temperature, oC

Temperature, oC
– DBEs and ATWSs are evaluated
400 400

380 380

360 360

 Others 340
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
340
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time, s

– Monju upper plenum test

Time, s

<Phenix natural circulation analysis results>

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 10

 PGSFR Design Features
Fuel Handling System Decay Heat Removal System
2 PDHRS + 2 ADHRS, Capacity of ~
Single Rotating Plug, Pantograph IVTM,
2.5%, Cold Pool DHX, DC Conduction
Fuel Transfer Port, 3 Bundle EVTM
Pump for ADHRS
AHX
hot air out
Argon Argon
hot air out
FHX
Active DHRS has more than 50% of
Reactor Enclosure System
Argon

passive decay heat removal capability

Na Na Rupture
Na disk
hot sodium in hot sodium in

AHX AHX
Expansion
Tank

PDHRS ADHRS

RV & GV (20cm gap), RV (H: 15.4m, Primary Heat Transport System

blower cold air in

EMP
steam

D: 8.7m), Forged Solid Head

cold sodium out
cold air in

Pool type, 4 IHX, 2 Mechanical

Pump, Redan (Peanut type )
IHTS cold leg

CRDM
S
G
IHTS hot leg

Intermediate Heat
6 Primary CRs, 3 Secondary CRs
Transport System

EM PUMP
UIS

Passive shutdown feature was DHX DHX

IHX Flare tip

2 Loops, 2 SGs(single wall
implemented to secondary CRs tube), 2 EM Pumps, SWRPRS
Pump F/W
Rx.
core
Rupture Gas/Liq.
disk Separator

Reactor Core and Fuel Design Sodium

Storage Tank
Sodium
Dump Tank

U-Zr Fuel, 112 FAs, ~90cm Height, Other systems

~290EFPD (Eq. core) Failed Fuel Detection & Location System, SG Leak Detection System,
Sodium Auxiliary System for PHTS/IHTS/DHRS, Primary Cover Gas
Purification System
IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 11
 Safety Analysis of PGSFR
Classification List of representative events Remarks
Reactivity Insertion • Maximum velocity withdrawal of sing control rod • Acceptance criteria
(DBA1) • AOO: CDFΣAOO < 0.05
• Reactivity insertion and pump trip by SSE • DBA1: CDFevent < 0.05
• DBA2: Fuel T < Solidus T
Undercooling • Loss of Flow (LOF-AOO)
Cladding T < 1075ºC
• Loss of Heat Sink (LOHS-AOO)
No bulk sodium boiling
• One Pump Seizer (OPS-DBA1)
• DEC: Fuel T < Solidus T
• PHTS Pipe Break (PB-DBA2)
No bulk sodium boiling
• SBO (SBO-DBA2)
• 5DEGs of SG tubes (DBA2)
Increase or decrease of • Reactor Vessel Leak(DBA2)
PHTS Inventory
DEC • ATWS(UTOP, ULOF, ULOHS)
HCDA • Mechanical energy release evaluation • Mechanical energy release
during whole core melting
(100$/s)
~ 16.1 MJ
PSA • Level-1 PSA • CDF by internal events ~
1.2E-9/Reactor-Year
Source Term • In-Vessel source term evaluation • Approaches of 4S source term
methodology

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 12

 Future Development of SFR Simulator in Korea

 Target SFR design

– PGSFR, a pool-type design with Metal core

 S/W configuration
– MARS + 3KeyMaster can be a candidate scheme
– Matured experiences can be applied

 Obstacles
– Uncertainty in the modeling
• Reactivity feedback mechanisms
• 3D effects
– Design not completed <Layout of PGSFR Systems>
– More information on PPS, I&C, Control logics

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 13

 Considerations for SFR Simulators

 Design Options (General vs. Specific)

– Poo-type vs. Loop-type
• Treatment of primary coolant systems with
equivalent paths
<Pool-type vs. Loop-type>
– Oxide core vs. Metal core
• Dominant feedback mechanisms change in
some scenarios
– Power Conversion Systems
 Modeling scope
<Super-Critical CO2 Brayton Cycle>
– Normal, DBEs & DECs
– Radiological consequences
– Sodium fire in Containment
 Treatment of uncertainties
– Lack of specific design or operational data
– Model uncertainties
<EMP-integrated IHX>
IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 14
 Thank you !

IAEA Consultants’ Meeting, Jan. 26-28, 2016 15