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Basic Properties of Numbers

The document discusses basic properties of numbers including: - Types of numbers like natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, etc. - Prime and composite numbers, even and odd numbers, co-prime numbers - The number line and rational numbers - Basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division - BODMAS rule for order of operations - Worked examples and homework problems are provided to practice these concepts.

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188 views5 pages

Basic Properties of Numbers

The document discusses basic properties of numbers including: - Types of numbers like natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, etc. - Prime and composite numbers, even and odd numbers, co-prime numbers - The number line and rational numbers - Basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division - BODMAS rule for order of operations - Worked examples and homework problems are provided to practice these concepts.

Uploaded by

preeti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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M Prakash Institute STD VII

Pre Foundation Lecture 1

Basic Properties of Numbers :


Types of Numbers:
• Natural Numbers: Common counting numbers. Eg: 1, 2, 3, . . ..
• Whole Numbers: The set of Natural Numbers with the number 0 adjoined.
Eg : 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
• Integers: Whole Numbers with their opposites
(negative numbers) adjoined. Eg: ...., −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 . . ..

Prime and Composite numbers


• Prime Number: A natural number greater than 1 which has only 1 and itself as
factors. Eg: 2,3,5, 7, ...
• Composite Number: A natural number greater than 1 which has more than two
factors.
Even and Odd numbers
• Even numbers: Divisible by 2 without remainders; end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 .
• Odd numbers: Not evenly divisible by 2 ; end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 .
• Co prime numbers: Two numbers are co-prime if they have no common factor other
than 1.

Number line:
- A number line is a visual representation of numbers on a straight line.
- Every point of a number line is assumed to correspond to a real number, and every real
number to a point.
- The number associated with the point is called its ‘co-ordinate’
- The value of a number increases from left to right.
- Distance between any two points on the number line is the positive difference in their
co-ordinates

Rational numbers: A rational number is a number which can be expressed as a ratio


of p/q where q is not equal to 0. The numerator and denominator of a rational number
will be integers.

N 1 1 1 1 1 1
Eg. form). Eg: : − , − , , 0, + , + , + , . . . . . .
D 2 3 4 4 3 2
Properties of Rational Numbers:
p r l
Let a, b, c be any rational numbers, then a = , b = , c =
q s m
where p, q, r, s, l, m ∈ I, q ̸= 0, s ̸= 0, m ̸= 0.
• a + b = b + a (addition is commutative)
• a × b = b × a (multiplication is commutative)
• (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) (addition is associative)
• (a × b) × c = a × (b × c) (multiplication is associative)
• a + 0 = a = 0 + a (0 is additive identity)
• a × 1 = a = 1 × a (1 is multiplicative identity)
• a + (−a) = 0 = (−a) + a (−a is additive inverse of a)
1 1 1
• a × = 1 = × a ( is multiplicative Inverse of a(a ̸= 0))
a a a
• a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c( left) and (b + c) × a = b × a + c × a (right)
(distributive over addition).
3 0
• All integers are rational numbers as 3 = . 0 is also rational number as 0 = .
1 1
a+b
• If a and b are two rational numbers where a < b then the rational number always
2
a+b
lies between a and b, a < <b
2

• Opposites Numbers:
The same number with opposite signs are called ‘Opposite numbers’.
They are equidistant from ‘0’ on the number line.
Their sum is always ‘0’ Eg : (+7 − 7) = 0 )
Symbol used: ‘-’. Answer is called ‘Difference’

Basic Operations on Numbers:


Addition: Sum or total of given numbers. Eg: 2 + 2 = 4
Symbol: ‘ + ’. Answer is called ‘Sum’
Subtraction : Difference in two numbers. Eg: 3 − 2 = 1
Multiplication: Repeated addition.
Eg: 2 + 2 + 2 (3 times ) = 2 × 3 = 6
Symbol used : ‘x ’. Answer is called ‘Product’
Other terms : The number that multiplies : ‘Multiplier’
The number that gets multiplied : ‘Multiplicand’
Division: Repeated subtraction.
Eg: 12 − 3 − 3 − 3 − 3 (4times) = 0 So, 12 ÷ 3 = 4
Symbol used: ‘÷’. Answer is called : ‘Quotient’
Other terms : The number that divides : ‘Divisor’
The number that gets divided : ‘Dividend’
The integer “left over” after division : ‘Remainder’
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient ) + Remainder
When the divisor completely divides the dividend, remainder is ‘0’.

What is BODMAS Rule?


BODMAS stands for Bracket, Of Division, Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction.
The BODMAS is used to explain the order of operation of a mathematical expression.
In some regions, the BODMAS is also known as PEDMAS which stands for Parentheses,
Exponents, Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction.
According to BODMAS rule, the brackets have to be solved first followed by powers or
roots (i.e. of), then Division, Multiplication, Addition and at the end Subtraction. Solv-
ing any expression is considered correct only if the BODMAS rule or the PEDMAS rule
is followed to solve it.
Vinculum: A straight horizontal mark placed over two or more members of a compound
mathematical expression and equivalent to parentheses or brackets around them.

Classwork:

1. 16 × 5 ÷ [{12 ÷ (4 − 2)} − 2]

2. 18 − [8 ÷ 2{8 ÷ 4 × 2}]

3. 8 × 3 + [63 ÷ {18 ÷ 3(9 − 17 + 5 × 2)}]

4. 78 − [5 + 3 of (25 − 2 × 10)]

5. A and B are two distinct numbers on a number line. If the number associated with
the point A is as given below and the distance between them is given, find the number/s
associated with the point B.
(a) A = −4 Distance A → B = 5 (b) A = 8 Distance A → B = 3
(c) A = 1 Distance A → B = 6 (d) A = 0 Distance A → B = 7
(e) A = −3 Distance A → B = 9

6. What must be subtracted from -1 to get -19 ?

7. Find the smallest integer ‘n’ such that 5 × 12 × n is the product of 3 consecutive
integers.

8. A hall 10 ft. by 4 ft. is to be paved with square tiles. What is the least number of
tiles required to cover the floor?

9. ‘K’ is an even number. What is the 3 rd odd number before ‘K’ in serial order?

10. The cost of an eraser and sharpener is Rs. 4.50. If the cost of sharpener is Rs. 1.00
more than that of eraser, find the cost of the eraser.

Homework:

1. 25 − 48 ÷ 6 + 12 × 2

2. 2 + 5(4 + 2) + 32 − (1 + 6 × 3)

3. 28 − [26 − {2 + 5 × (6 − 3)}].
√
4. 7 + {8 − 3 of ( 4 + 2)}

5. 1800 ÷ [10{(12 − 6) + (24 − 12)}]


1
6. [{−2(1 + 2)} + 10]
2
7. A class of 36 students contributed Rs 540 each for the picnic. Out of these students,
7 students decided not to go. They were returned Rs 490 each. What amount was spent
on the picnic?

8. If Jagdish’s house is 170 m to my left and Jayanti’s house is 70 m to my right, how far
is Jagdish’s house from Jayanti’s house?

9. What would be the difference between the greatest and the smallest five-digit numbers
formed by using the digits 3, 5, 0, 7, 4 each at least once?

10. The sum of two integers is -11 and their product is -80 . What are the two integers?

11. How many times should 642 be subtracted from 5178 to get remainder 42.

12. Product of all odd numbers from 1 to 40 is P . Find the units digit in the number P .

13. Product of all natural numbers from 1 to 35 is M . Find the tens digit in the number
M.

14. If the co-ordinate of point P is −2/3, between which two points does P fall ?
1
15. If the co-ordinate of point Q is 3 , between which two points does Q fall?
2
Answer Key

Classwork :
Que no. Answer
1 20
2 14
3 45
4 58
5 (a) 1, -9
(b) 11, 5
(c) 7, -5
(d) 7, -7
(e) 6, -12
6 18
7 1
8 10
9 K-5
10 1.75

Homework :
Que no. Answer Que no. Answer
1 41 11 8
2 45 12 5
3 19 13 0
4 3 14 0 and -1
5 10 15 3 and 4
6 2
7 16010
8 240
9 44973
10 -16, 5

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