P443 - 5 - 6 Brochure EN 2019 - 11 Grid GA 0660

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 8

GE

Grid Solutions

MiCOMho Agile
P443/P445/P446
High Performance Distance Protection Protection and Control
Distance high speed operation in less than
Transmission and distribution systems are essential to route power to consumers. The one cycle
mode of transport is generally via overhead lines, which must have maximum in-service
availability. The exposed nature of the lines makes them fault-prone and protection Load blinder prevents spurious trips
devices are vital to trip and isolate any faulted circuit. cascading through the network in extreme
conditions, such as on the verge of a
The MiCOMho provides fast, highly selective line protection. Advanced load blinding and blackout
disturbance detection techniques ensure stability when no tripping is required. Selectable Simple to deploy in all applications and at
mho and quadrilateral characteristics allow versatile deployment as the main protection all voltage levels
for all transmission and distribution circuits. Series compensated line applications are also
Power swing alarm and block, plus out of
supported.
step trip
Multiple main protection elements reside inside each relay: distance, delta directional Distance, DEF and delta directional
comparison protection and directional earth/ground fault unit protection (DEF). comparison
This permits simplified applications and reduced spares holdings, as the MiCOMho can be Multi-shot autoreclosure with check
adopted as the standard protection platform. synchronism and adaptive breaker closing
Improved system stability by CB failure
Applications fast reset element (< 0.75 cycle)
Three models are available, the MiCOM P443 and P446 subcycle relays for transmission
systems and the P445 for simpler applications in distribution systems (with smaller cases
for easy retrofitting).
Advanced
Communications
The protection functions overview table highlights the functions available. InterMiCOM option for end-to-end
protection communications; readily
The P443, P445 and P446 are supplied with a full suite of protection and control functions interfaces with end-to-end
as standard. The configuration column of the menu is used to control which functions the communications channels (56/64 kbps
user requires in the intended application and which can be disabled. Disabled functions are or E1 2 Mbps)
then completely removed from the menu, to simplify settings.
Wide range of supported protocols
Courier/K-Bus, IEC 60870-5-103, DNP 3.0
Main Benefits (EAI-485 or Ethernet) and IEC 61850
P443/P446: subcycle fault clearance (0.7 to 1 cycle) Advanced IEC 61850 Edition 2
Simple set mode: the relay determines its own settings from protected line data implementation with complete settings
via SCL files
Integral teleprotection via MODEM, fibre, or MUX channel
Redundant communications with zero
Compatibility with modern 2 Mbps communications equipment
downtime using optional PRP/HSR
IEC 61850-9-2LE process bus ready technology
Cybersecurity aligned to industry standards and services (eg. NERC® CIP, AAA, RADIUS, IEEE 1588 precision-time synchronising
RBAC, Syslog)

Imagination at work
P443, P445 & P446 Distance Protection

2
GEGridSolutions.com
P443, P445 & P446 Distance Protection

Functional Block Diagram

Figure 1: System overview of the P44y series

Versatile protection for universal application


The "simple set" mode invokes an inbuilt wizard
to simplify the job of the protection engineer

GEGridSolutions.com 3
P443, P445 & P446 Distance Protection

Main Protection Functions Blinder characteristics (Figure 6) prevent


false tripping due to encroachment of
Distance Protection heavy loads. A superimposed current
Five or six zones of protection are phase selector detects the faulted
provided as shown in Figures 2 and 5. phase(s) and controls which of the
Depending on the models, the relay distance elements will initiate a trip.
allows mho and quadrilateral (polygon) Combined with the directional decision
characteristics to be independently from a proven delta principle, secure
selected for the phase and ground operation of distance zones is assured.
distance elements. The trip time is typically 0.7 to 1 cycle for
the P443 & P446 and 1 to 1.3 cycles for
Figure 3: P443/446 sample min-max the P445.
The mho is shown in Figure 2 and uses timing contour: 50 Hz, SIR=5
well-proven principles to provide dynamic
expansion for faults off the characteristic High Speed - High Break Contacts
angle. The trip times shown in Figures 3 and 4
relate to a P443 with standard relay
The quadrilateral characteristics (Figure contacts and include the contact closure
5) provide enhanced fault arc resistance time. When fitted with High Speed-High
coverage. An adaptive technique is used Break (HSHB) contacts, all trip times are
to tilt the reactance reach line of each reduced by 3 to 4ms. The trip time for
zone and eliminate under/overreaching P443/446 becomes 0.5 to 0.85 cycles.
effects due to prefault load flow. (Note HSHB contacts easily rupture repetitive
that the P445 offers quad characteristics shots of 10 A trip or close coil currents.
for ground elements only).
Power Swing Blocking (PSB)
A settable alternative distance scheme
initiates all the zone timers Figure 4: P443/446 sample min-max The MiCOMho recognises power swings
simultaneously and guarantees faster timing contour: 60 Hz, SIR=5 quickly via the superimposed currents
tripping times for evolving faults. measured by the phase selector. A
conventional PSB element based on the
impedance band is provided to detect
slow power swings. The distance trip time
for faults occurring during a power swing
remains subcycle.

Out of Step Tripping - OST


(P443 & P446 only)
If severe disturbances risk asynchronism
in transmission networks, it may be
required to separate into islands, using
P443/P446 OST. Predictive mode OST
initiates separation before damage
occurs.

Figure 2: Mho characteristics in P445/P446 Figure 5: Quadrilateral characteristics in


(Note - P443 offers additional ZQ) P445/P446
(Note - P443 offers additional ZQ)

MiCOMho Agile P446: A full-scheme distance relay with subcycle technology,


suitable for dual breaker 1/3 phase reclosing applications - dual check
synchronism included

4
GEGridSolutions.com
P443, P445 & P446 Distance Protection

Main Protection Schemes InterMiCOM (Optional) Backup Protection


Pre-configured distance schemes allow InterMiCOM allows high performance Four stages of both phase and earth
single and 3-phase tripping with or permissive and blocking type unit (ground) fault protection
without a signaling channel: protection to be configured, plus transfer
Negative sequence overcurrent and
Basic scheme logic for standalone of any digital status information between
SEF (0.5% In sensitivity)
operation (without a signaling channel) line ends. Intertripping is supported too,
with channel health monitoring and Phase under/overvoltage protection
Trip on close logic allows accelerated
cyclical redundancy checks (CRC) on the Broken conductor protection
tripping to be selected following
received data for maximum message
manual, or auto-reclose Two stage high speed circuit-breaker
security.
failure protection
Carrier Aided Scheme Includes:
InterMiCOM provides 8 to 24 end-to-end
Direct transfer tripping signals, assignable to any function IEC 61850-9-2LE Process Bus
within a MiCOM relay's programmable Interface
Permissive underreach scheme (PUR)
logic. Default fail-safe states can also be
Permissive overreach (POR) with open An optional process bus interface is
set in case of channel outage.
breaker, weak infeed echo logic available, allowing the relay to receive
andweak infeed trip feature current and voltage sampled data from
Two physical formats for InterMiCOM
non-conventional instrument trans-
Blocking scheme are possible:
formers such as optical and Rogowski
User-defined custom schemes EIA (RS) 232 for MODEM links devices. In other digital substation
InterMiCOM64 at 56/64 kbit/s for direct architectures, the -9-2LE data is
The relay provides two independent fibre or multiplexed links generated by merging units in the yard,
teleprotection schemes each using a which digitise conventional 1 A/5 A and
separate communications channel. The InterMiCOM64 also includes support for 3- 100/120 V secondaries for safer and more
distance, directional and DEF functions terminal applications, employing the economical cross-site communication to
are thus flexible in configuration, same communications topology as in IEDs via fibre optics.
operating either in shared channel logic or successful LFCB and P540 series products.
in discrete modes. 850 nm fibre communications are used to Grid Solutions' -9-2LE implementation
. interface with multiplexers in IEEE C37.94 has been designed to be especially
Delta Directional Comparison - format (and to G.703 (64 kbps, E1 2 Mbps), resilient and reliable in the presence of
Incremental Quantities V.35 and X.21 via P590 interfaces). "noise", such as latency, jitter or
(P443 & P446 only) 1300 nm channel options are used for missing/suspect data.
direct fibre teleprotection.
Superimposed voltage and current signals Supervisory Functions
are used to make highly secure fault In 3-terminal schemes, the
directional decisions. The respective communications are self-healing if one leg VT Supervision (Fuse Fail)
forward/reverse decisions at each line of the triangulation fails. The end-end Voltage transformer supervision is
end can be used in a teleprotection transfer time of permissive or blocking provided to detect loss of one, two or
scheme for full line unit protection, as scheme data is typically just 5 ms for three VT signals for line VTs.
proven in the LFDC product. The InterMiCOM64.
advantage is that channels send even
faster than for distance-aided schemes. CT Supervision
Operate Current transformer supervision is
Directional Earth Fault (DEF) provided to detect loss of phase CT input
signals.
The DEF element can be used within the Restrain Restrain
aided schemes to detect high resistance
ground faults. The innovative Virtual
Current Polarising (VCP) feature even
ensures correct operation when the fault Operate
generates negligible zero or negative
sequence voltage.
Figure 6: Load blinder
The "Virtual Current Polarising" feature
can be switched-off when used in non-
solidly earthed systems. Traditional
relays would have required an extra CT
input to cover this scenario - not the
MiCOMho.

GEGridSolutions.com 5
P443, P445 & P446 Distance Protection

Control Two CB controls - CB1 and CB2 are The system is optimised to ensure that
assigned. The user selects which is the the protection outputs are not delayed by
Function Keys leader and which is the follower the PSL operation.
breaker
Trip and close commands are facilitated
The programmable scheme logic is
from front panel hotkeys to allow direct Individual selection of recloser on or off
configured using graphical S1 Agile
CB control without the need to navigate Follower action - follows successful software, as shown in Figure 8. The relay
to a menu. Additional in/out, on/off and closing of the leader outputs may be configured as latching
enable/disable controls are easily
Reclosing after a settable delay ("Lockout") or self-reset.
programmed (up to 10 F-keys).
Alternatively the follower may: All aspects of MiCOM P40 IED
Single Breaker Autoreclose configuration are managed using the S1
Wait to be closed manually
P443 & P445 with check synchronism Agile software (see Figure 9).
Independent lockout and reset
include adaptive closing of the breaker per breaker
taking into account breaker operating Measurement and Recording
time. The user may select a single, two, Programmable Scheme Logic Facilities
three or four shot autoreclose cycle.
All event, fault and disturbance records
Powerful graphical logic allows the user
are time tagged to a resolution of 1 ms.
Dual Breaker Autoreclose to customise the protection and control
An optional IRIG-B port is available for
functions (See Figure 8).
P446 with check synchronism include accurate time synchronisation.
adaptive closing of breakers taking into The gate logic includes 32 timers, OR,
account breakers' operating time. The AND, MAJORITY and set/reset latch logic Power System Measurements
following additional features are offered gate functions, with the ability to invert Instantaneous and time integrated
in the P446 to permit two breaker the inputs and outputs and provide voltage, current and power
reclosing in a leader-follower scheme: feedback. measurements are provided. These may
be viewed in primary or secondary values.

Figure 8: Programmable scheme logic

Figure 9: S1 Agile a powerful


and intuitive PC tool suite

Figure 7: Inverse-time protection curves

6
GEGridSolutions.com
P443, P445 & P446 Distance Protection

Post Fault Analysis Quality Built-in (QBi) Px4x devices can be enhanced with an
optional redundant Ethernet board. The
Fault Location Grid Solutions' QBi initiative has deployed redundancy is managed by the market's
a number of initiatives to maximise field fastest recovery time protocols:
A fault location algorithm provides the quality. Harsh environmental coating is IEC 62439-3 PRP and HSR allowing
distance to fault in miles, kilometres, applied to all circuit boards to shield them bumpless redundancy and RSTP, offering
ohms or percentage of the line length. from moisture and atmospheric multi-vendor interoperability. The
This proven algorithm tolerates pre-fault contamination. Transit packaging has redundant Ethernet board supports
loading and fault arc resistance. been redesigned to ISTA standards and either modulated or demodulated IRIG-B
the fourth generation of CPU processing and the SNTP protocol for time
Event Records boosts not only performance, but also synchronisation. The redundant Ethernet
Up to 1024 time-tagged event records reliability. board also has a watchdog relay contact
can be stored. to alarm in case of a failure.
GE-branded MiCOM P40 relays have no
Fault Records resident battery, to ease airfreight Second Rear Courier Port
logistics.
The last 15 faults are stored . The optional second port is designed
typically for dialup modem access by
Indication of the faulted phase Communications with Remote
protection engineers/operators when the
Protection operation Operators and Substation main port is reserved for SCADA traffic.
Active setting group
Automation .
Fault location (distance to fault) The wide range of communications Case Size
options, including IEC 61850, provides
Relay and CB operating time P446 relays are housed in full 80TE
interfacing with almost any type of
cases, for 19” rack or flush mounting
Pre-fault and fault currents, voltages Substation Automation or SCADA system.
and frequency P443 relays are housed in full 80TE
The following protocols are available: cases, for 19” rack or flush mounting
Disturbance Records Courier/K-Bus P445 hardware A is housed in a narrow
The oscillography has 8 analogue 40TE (8”) case to retrofit in any
IEC 60870-5-103
channels, 64 digital and 1 time channel - compact or vertical case footprint.
DNP 3.0 (EAI-485 or Ethernet) P445 hardware B, C and D are supplied
all at a resolution of 48 samples/cycle.
Disturbance records can be extracted IEC 61850 P443, P445
in 60TE&(12”)
P446caseDistance
widths Protection
from the relay via remote USB front-port communication
communications and saved in the
COMTRADE format.

Plant Supervision
Circuit Breaker Condition
Monitoring
Monitors the number of breaker trip
operations
Records the sum of broken current
quantities (interruption duty)
Monitors the breaker operating times

Figure 10 P445 in Case Size 40TE (8”)

GEGridSolutions.com 7
MICOM P40 AGILE
Grid Solutions’ philosophy is one of continuous improvement in
our products and solutions. Our emphasis on communication in
MiCOM has become a focus which secures leadership in the digital
substation.

To mark this phase of evolution, the P40 Agile livery is applied to


the range. P40 Agile is a mark of performance and quality, proudly
available from Grid Solutions, and only from Grid Solutions.

GEGridSolutions.com
For more information please contact
IEC is a registered trademark of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IEEE is a registered
GE trademark of the Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineers, Inc. Modbus is a registered trademark
Grid Solutions of Schneider Automation. NERC is a registered trademark of North American Electric Reliability
Council.

Worldwide Contact Center GE and the GE monogram are trademarks of General Electric Company.

Web: www.GEGridSolutions.com/contact GE reserves the right to make changes to specifications of products described at any time without
notice and without obligation to notify any person of such changes.
Phone: +44 (0) 1785 250 070
P443_5_6-Brochure-EN-2019_11-Grid-GA-0660. © Copyright 2019, General Electric Company.
All rights reserved.

Imagination at work

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy