Chapter 5 F4 P2 EQ

Chemical Bonds
SPM 2004P2E1
1. Figure 1 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements, X, Y, and Z.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol kimia yang mewakili tiga unsur iaitu unsur X, Y dan Z.
23 35 12
11 X 17 Y 6 Z
Figure 1
Rajah 1
(a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atoms X and Y. [2 marks]

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X dan atom Y. [2 markah]
(ii) State the number of neutrons in an atom of element Z and write the symbol
for an isotope of element Z. [2 marks]
Nyatakan bilangan neutron dalam atom bagi unsur Z dan tuliskan simbol bagi
satu isotop unsur Z. [2 markah]
(b) The reaction between atoms of X and Y forms an ionic compound whereas the
reaction between atoms of Y and Z forms a covalent compound.
Based on the above statement, explain how these ionic and covalent compounds
are formed. [8 marks]
Tindak balas antara atom X dan Y membentuk sebatian ion manakala tindak balas
antara atom Y dan Z membentuk sebatian kovalen.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, jelaskan bagaimana sebatian ion dan sebatian
kovalen terbentuk. [8 markah]
(c) The ionic compound formed from the reaction between elements X and Y is able
to conduct electricity when it is melted or dissolved in water.
Describe how you could prove that this statement is correct. [8 marks]
Sebatian ion yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas antara unsur X dan Y boleh
mengkonduksi elektrik apabila melebur atau larut dalam air.
Huraikan bagaimana anda boleh membuktikan pernyataan itu benar. [8 markah]
69
SPM 2005P2E10
2 Isotopes are used for example in medicine, industry, science and archaeology. Choose two of
the above examples.State an isotope and its purpose in each example that you have chosen.
[4 marks]
Isotop digunakan contohnya di dalam ubat, industri, sains dan arkeologi.Pilih dua daripada
contoh di atas.Nyatakan satu isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap contoh yang telah anda
pilih.
(b) Figure 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of a molecule PQ2. These letters are not the
actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan gambar rajah susunan electron bagi molekul PQ2. Huruf ini
bukanlah simbol sebenar bagi unsur itu.
FIGURE 10.1
Rajah 10.1
Based on Figure10.1,write the electron arrangement for atoms of element P and elementQ.
Explain the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of the Elements. [6 marks]
Berdasarkan Rajah 10.1, tuliskan susunan electron bagi atom unsur P dan atom unsur
Q.Terangkan kedudukan unsur Q dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
(c) Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X and Y. These letters are not the
actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 10.2 , menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom W, X dan Y. Huruf ini bukanlah
susunan sebenar bagi unsur itu.
Element Electron arrangement

Unsur Susunan elektron
W 2.4
X 2.8.7
Y 2.8.8.2
TABLE 10.2
Jadual 10.2
Using the information in Table 10.2, explain how two compounds can be formed from
these elements based on their electron arrangements.
The two compounds should have different bond types. [10 marks]
Dengan menggunakan Jadual 10.2, terangkan bagaimana dua sebatian boleh terbentuk
daripada atom-atom itu berdasarkan susunan elektronnya.
Dua sebatian itu hendaklah mempunyai jenis ikatan yang berlainan.
70
SPM 2006P2E8
3 Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show the diagrams of the electron arrangement for atoms of two
elements from Group 17 in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan rajah susunan elektron bagi atom dua unsur dari
Kumpulan 17 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
DIAGRAM 8.1 DIAGRAM 8.2

RAJAH 8.1 RAJAH 8.2
(a) Based on Diagram 8.1:

Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1:
(i) Write the electron arrangement for the atom of the element and name
the element. [2 marks]
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur itu dan namakan unsur itu.
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between this element and
sodium hydroxide. [3 marks]
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara unsur itu dengan natrium
hidroksida.
(b) Compare the attractive forces between the nuclei and the valence electrons in
the atoms in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 and relate this to their
respective reactivity. [6 marks]
Bandingkan daya tarikan antara nucleus dengan elektron valens dalam atom pada
Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2 dan kaitkan dengan kereaktifan masing-masing.
(c) Another element in Group 17 is a black coloured solid.

Predict the reactivity of this element in its reaction with sodium hydroxide
compared to that of the element in Diagram 8.2. [1 mark]
Satu unsur lain dalam Kumpulan 17 adalah pepejal yang berwarna hitam.
Ramalkan kereaktifan unsur itu dalam tindak balasnya dengan natrium hidroksida
berbanding dengan unsur dalam Rajah 8.2.
71
SPM 2011P2E10
4 (a) Element X reacts with oxygen to form a compound. The compound formed does not conduct
electricity in all conditions.
State the name of element X and the type of bond formed in the compound.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. [4 marks]
Unsur X bertindak balas dengan oksigen membentuk suatu sebatian. Sebatian yang terbentuk
tidak mengkonduksi arus elektrik dalam semua keadaan.
Nyatakan nama unsur X dan jenis ikatan yang terbentuk dalam sebatian itu.
Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang untuk tindak balas itu.
(b) Table 10 shows the proton number of elements P, Q, R and S.

Jadual 10 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur P, Q, R dan S.
Element
Unsur P Q R S
Proton number
Nombor proton 6 8 19 20
Table 10
Jadual 10
Based on Table 10, choose two elements that form a compound with a high melting point
and a high boiling points.
Explain how the compound is formed and draw the electron arrangement for the
compound. [10 marks]
Berdasarkan Jadual 10, pilih dua unsur yang boleh membentuk sebatian yang mempunyai
takat lebur dan takat didih yang tinggi.
Terangkan bagaimana sebatian itu terbentuk dan lukis susunan elektron untuk sebatian
tersebut.
72

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Chapter 5 F4 P2 EQ

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Chemical Bonds

(a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atoms X and Y. [2 marks]

Element Electron arrangement

DIAGRAM 8.1 DIAGRAM 8.2

(a) Based on Diagram 8.1:

(c) Another element in Group 17 is a black coloured solid.

(b) Table 10 shows the proton number of elements P, Q, R and S.

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