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D 3 - 18 (1958) Scan

This document describes the standard test method for determining the toughness of rock established by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). It involves using a standardized hammer and plunger apparatus to apply controlled impacts to cylindrical rock specimens. The toughness value reported is the height of the hammer blow, in centimeters, required to fracture the specimen. Three specimens are tested for each condition and the individual and average toughness values are reported. Any notable features of the specimens that could influence the results are also reported.

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77 views2 pages

D 3 - 18 (1958) Scan

This document describes the standard test method for determining the toughness of rock established by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). It involves using a standardized hammer and plunger apparatus to apply controlled impacts to cylindrical rock specimens. The toughness value reported is the height of the hammer blow, in centimeters, required to fracture the specimen. Three specimens are tested for each condition and the individual and average toughness values are reported. Any notable features of the specimens that could influence the results are also reported.

Uploaded by

Anbuchelvan C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS

1916 RACE .ST., PHILADELPHIA 3, PA.


Reprinted from C< pyrighted Book of ASTM Standards~ P~rt •·

Standard Method of Test for


TOUGHNESS OF ROCK1

ASTM Designation: D 3 - 18
AnOPTED1 1908; REVISED, 1918.
Reapproved in 1968 Without Change.
This Standard of the American Society for Testing Materials is issued under
the fixed designation D 3; the final number indicates the year of original
adoption as stanrlard or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
NoTE.--This method was editorially revised and rear-
ranged in 1939.

Scope so as to fall freely between suitable


1 This method of test covers the pro- guides.
cedure for determining the toughness of (c) A plunger made of hardened steel
rock. and weighing 1 kg, arranged to slide
freely in a vertical direction in a sleeve,
Toughness the lower end of the plunger being
2. Toughness, as applied to rock, is spherical in shape with a radius of 1 em.
the resistance offered to fracture under (d) Means for raising the hammer
impact, expressed as the final height of and for dropping it upon the plunger
blow required of a standard hammer to from any specified height from 1 to not
cause fracture of a cylindrical test less than 75 em, and means for deter-
specimen of given dimensions. mining the height of fall within approxi-
mately 1 nim. ·
Apparatus (e) Means for holding the cylindrical
test specimen securely on the anvil with-
3. Any form of impact machine which out rigid lateral support, and under the
will comply with the following essentials plunger in such a way that the center of
may be used in making the test: its upper surface shall, throughout the
(a) A cast-iron anvil weighing not test, be tangent to the spherical end of
less than SO kg, firmly fixed upon a the plunger at _its lowest po~t.
solid foundation.
(b) A hammer weighing 2 kg, arranged Sampling
l Under the etandMdiution procedure of the 4. Quarry samples of rock from which
Society, this method is under the jurisdiction of
) the ABTM Committee D-.4 on Road and Paving test specimens are to be prepared shall
Materials. measure at least 6 in. on a side and at
564
13-15
TEST FO:& ToUGHNESS OJ!' ROCK (p 3 - 18) 565

least 4 in. in thickness, and when possible the cylhders may be sawed by means
shall have the plane of structural weak- of a bafd or diamond saw,3 or in any
ness of the rock plainly marked thereon. other W'i..Y which will not induce incipient
Samples should be taken from freshly fracture, . but shall not be chipped or
quarried material, and only from pieces broken off with a hammer. Mter sawing,
which show no evidences of incipient the ends of the specimens shall be ground
fracture due to blasting or other causes. plane with water and carborundum or
The samples should preferably be split emery on a cast-iron lap until the cyl-
from large pieces by the use of plugs and inders are 25 mm in height.
feathers and not by sledging. Com-
mercial stone-block samples from wpich Procedure
test specimens are to be prepared shall
7. The test shall consist of a 1-cm fall
measure at least 3 in. on each edge.
of the hammer for the first blow, a 2-cm
Test Specimens fall for the second blow, and an increase
5. Specimens for test shall be cylinders of 1-cm fall for each succeeding blow
25 mm in height and from 24 to 25 mm until failure of the test specimen occurs.
in diameter, prepared' as described in
Section 6. Three specimens shall con- Report
stitute a test set. The ends of the speci- 8, The height of the blow in r.enti-
men shall be plane surfaces at right meters at failure shall be reported as th~
angles to the axis of the cylinder. toughness of the test specimen. The in-
Preparation of Test Specimens dividual and the average toughne&. of
6. One set of specimens shall be drilled three test specimens shall be reported
perpendicular and another parallel to when no plane of structural weaknes!'
the plane of structural weakness of the is apparent. In cases where a plane of
rock, if such plane is apparent. If a plane structural weakness is apparent, the in-
of structural weakness is not apparent, dividual and average tcughne5s of the
orie set of specimens shall be drilled at three specimens in each se~ shaH b'! r~­
random. Specimens shall be drilled in a ported and ident:.fied. Any peculiar
manner that will not subject the material condition of a. test ~:ped.men that might
to undue stresses and which will insure affect the result, such as the presence
the specified dirnensions.2 The ends of of seams, fissures, etc. shall be nott'd
and recorded with lhe test result.
• The form of diamond drill described il!
Bulletin No. 847, U. B. Department of Agri-
culture, pp. 6-7, is recommended, and should 1 A satisfactory form of diamond saw ill de-

prove ea.tiefactory if the iru!tructione a.re strictly scribed in Bulletin No. ~41, U. B. Department
followed. of Agriculture, pp. 7-9.

13-15

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