WORLD WAR-1 and

1920’s
Done by, AMMAAR
9CM
 WORLD WAR-1

• World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz

Ferdinand and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central
Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania,
Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). It became known as
'The Great War' because it affected people all over the world and was
the biggest war anyone had ever known. The war was fought between
two powerful groups.
 What were it’s causes?

• There was no single event that caused World War One (WW1). War happened because of several
different events that took place in the years building up to 1914. Firstly, there was the role of empire.
Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia all had empires. This meant that they ruled
many countries all over the world.
• Each of these countries wanted to keep their empire strong and was afraid of other countries taking
over new territories. They saw this as a threat to their own empires.
• So when Germany and Austria-Hungary took control of smaller countries like Bosnia and Morocco, it
looked to the rest of the world like they were being aggressive.
• Secondly, many countries had made alliances with one other. They agreed to protect one another.
This meant that if one country was attacked, the others would get involved to defend that country.
• However, the trigger for the beginning of WW1 occurred on 28 June 1914.
 Why was it fought?

• The immediate cause of World War I that made the aforementioned

items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism)
was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary. When Russia began to mobilize due to its alliance
with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia.
 WORLD WAR I – SUMMARY OF EVENTS

• World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz

Ferdinand and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers)
fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the
United States (the Allied Powers). Thanks to new military technologies and
the horrors of trench warfare, World War I saw unprecedented levels of
carnage and destruction. By the time the war was over and the Allied Powers
claimed victory, more than 16 million people—soldiers and civilians
alike—were dead.
 Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Tensions had been brewing throughout Europe—especially in the troubled Balkan region of
southeast Europe—for years before World War I actually broke out.
• A number of alliances involving European powers, the Ottoman Empire, Russia and other
parties had existed for years, but political instability in the Balkans (particularly Bosnia,
Serbia and Herzegovina) threatened to destroy these agreements.
• The spark that ignited World War I was struck in Sarajevo, Bosnia, where Archduke Franz
Ferdinand—heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire—was shot to death along with his wife,
Sophie, by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. Princip and other
nationalists were struggling to end Austro-Hungarian rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 The Western Front
• According to an aggressive military strategy known as the Schlieffen
Plan (named for its mastermind, German Field Marshal Alfred von
Schlieffen), Germany began fighting World War I on two fronts, invading
France through neutral Belgium in the west and confronting Russia in the
east.

• Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, the German Army opened the
Western Front by invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military
control of important industrial regions in France. The tide of the advance was
dramatically turned with the Battle of the Marne. Following the Race to the
sea, both sides dug in along a meandering line of fortified trenches, stretching
from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France, which changed little
except during early 1917 and in 191
 1920
• In North America, it is frequently referred to as the "Roaring Twenties" or the
"Jazz Age", while in Europe the period is sometimes referred to as the
"Golden Age Twenties" because of the economic boom following World War
I. French speakers refer to the period as the "Années folles" ("CrazyYears"),
emphasizing the era's social, artistic, and cultural dynamism. The economic
prosperity experienced by many countries during the 1920s (especially the
United States) was similar in nature to that experienced in the 1950s and
1990s. Each period of prosperity was the result of a paradigm shift in global
affairs. These shifts in the 1920s, 1950s, and 1990s, occurred in part as the
result of the conclusion of World War I and Spanish flu, World War II, and
the Cold War, respectively.
 Developments during this time

• At the same time, the communities established new connections with outside
world.▪After the World War, a new and revolutionary technology and
airplanes became important.▪They linked the towns and countries in an
unimaginable way.▪In 1932, a new airport was established in Sharjah. ▪It was
used by Imperial Airways (later BritishAirways) for transporting goods and
people.▪This opened the country to the world beyond Middle East.
 Leadership and Response in UAE

• ▪During this tough time, the leaders and people of UAE exhibited strength
and Resilience.▪Sheikh Shakhbut Bin Sultan became ruler of Abu Dhabi in
1928.▪He ruled for 40 years and was succeeded by his brother Sheikh Zayed
in 1966.▪In 1912, Sheikh Saeed Bin Maktoum came to power in Dubai till
1958.▪This long lasting political reign brought stability.
 NATIONALISM during WW-1
• On the other hand, many people had different views on how the Great War started. Many
believed that the alliance system was the major cause of the World War. The alliance
system is a group of nations joined together to support one another whenever backup is
needed. Each nation made an agreement to support and help whenever their alliance calls
out for help. In 1879, the Dual alliance which was made up of Germany and Austria, made
another agreement with Italy, then was named the Triple alliance. France and Britain
became allies in 1892, and later on Russia joined in. These three countries joined together
and were called the Triple Entente, which was one of the most powerful set of alliance in
Europe. Both alliances were very well armed and powerful, and when disagreement
occurred within 2 countries, because of the alliance system, a small local war turned into
the biggest war that our planet has ever seen. As Belgium was a land-locked country and
was surrounded by the two alliances, Britain agreed to protect it when a nation would
declare war on them. After the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Austria
declared war on Serbia. With the alliance system, countries declared war on each other as
countries swore to protect their alliance system whenever war was about. To sum up, a
small war between two countries spread all over Europe as alliances were made up to
protect one another.
 WORLD WAR I AND THE 1920’S

• Technological advancements, urbanization, and immigration led directly to the social

upheavals of the 1920s. With so many men serving, killed in action, or returning disabled in
body and mind, women had been needed in the work force, and they were reluctant to
return to domestic situations, which served to strengthen the cause of women’s suffrage and
independence. Movements like pacifism, isolationism, and spiritualism grew following the
end of the war as people sought to retreat from the horror. And the need for relief from the
emotional traumas of the war may have contributed to the “anything goes” atmosphere that
prevailed in the 1920s. Advertising, commercial manufacturing, the rise of the cinema, and
the automobile promoted “new” and “more liberal” ideas that conflicted with the traditional
thinking American soldiers left behind when then went off to fight.
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