Choose the correct answer :

Gypsum Products: (CH 1)

1. Hygroscopic expansion of gypsum products means expansion due to:
A. Immersion of gypsum under water before complete setting.
B. Immersion of gypsum under water after complete setting.
C. Mixing with excess water. D. None of the above.
2. The amount of water that reacts chemically with 100 gm of improved
stone powder is:
A. 18.6 ml. B.22 ml.C. 30 ml. D. 55 ml.
3. Using excess water to mix with CaSO4.1\2H2o to:
A. Increase strength of the model
B. Increase model surface hardness
C. Reproduces fine details and accuracy
D. Gain a workable mix
4. All types of gypsum products undergo setting expansion due to:
A. Using excess water in mixing
B. Particle size and shape of powder
C. Outward thrusting action of growing crystals
D. Dissociation of CaSo4.1\2H2o and increase number of nuclei
5. Increasing the w/p decreases the setting expansion of gypsum:
A. Decrease nuclei number and increase outward thrusting action of growing
crystal
B. Increase nuclei number and increase outward thrusting action of growing
crystal
C. Decrease nuclei number and decrease outward thrusting action of growing
crystal
6. Improved stone can be obtained by heating gypsum in:
A. Open air at 120°c B. Boiling in 30% solution of CaCl2
C. An autoclave under steam pressure at 120 - 130°c
D. None of the above
7. Dental stone can be obtained by heating gypsum in:
A. Open air at 120°c B. Boiling in 30% solution of CaCl2
C. An autoclave under steam pressure at 120 - 130°c
D. None of the above
8. When hemihydrate is mixed with water:
A. The hemihydrate dissolve in water to form Ca++ and SO4 -
B. Dihydrate is precipitated
C. The reaction is exothermic
D. All of the above
9. The chemical formula of dental stone powder is:
A. CaSO4.3H2O
B. (CaSO4)½.H2O or (CaSO4)2.H2O (betegi w betkon 8alt bs hata5odha)
C. CaSO4.2H2O
D. CaSO4
10. The dry strength of gypsum is:
A. The strength after one hour
B. The strength after 24 hours
C. The strength when the excess water is still left in gypsum specimen
D. Two times as high as the wet strength
11. The following are factors affecting the setting time of gypsum products
except:
A. Fineness of the powder B. Chemical formula of the powder
C. Water/powder ratio D. Mixing time and rate

1
12. The hydrocal and densite are mainly different from each other
regarding their:
A. Chemical composition
B. Color
C. Particles size and shape
D. All of the above
13. Increasing the water/powder ratio of gypsum products:
A. Increases strength
B. Increases setting expansion
C. Increases setting time
D. Decreases flow
14. The difference in particle size and shape between the various gypsum
products results from the:
A. Difference in the chemical formula
B. Difference in the method of manufacturing
C. Difference in the modifiers
D. Difference in the strength
15. Gypsum products are the result of calcination of:
A. (CaSO4)½.H2O
B. CaSO4.2H2O
C. CaSO4
16. Plater of paris show more setting expansion than dental stone because:
A. Dental plaster takes higher water/powder ratio
B. Dental stone powder particles are more regular
C. Dental plaster powder particles are more porous
17. Heating gypsum at 120°c in open air produces:
A. CaSO4 dihydrate B. Alpha hemihydrate C. Beta hemihydrate

2
 18. Plater of paris can be manufactured by heating CaSO4.2H2O:
A. Open air at 120°c B. Boiling in 30% solution of CaCl2
C. An autoclave under steam pressure at 120 - 130°c
D. None of the above
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
A A D C C B C D B D B C C B B C C A
- Investment: (CH 3)

- MCQ:

1. The role of Silica in investment material is:

A. To produce porosity in the investment

B. Mold expansion by the thermal expansion

C. To decrease the strength of the investment D. All of the above

2. Investments used for casting gold alloys are:

A. Gypsum bonded investment. B. Silicate bonded investment.

C. Phosphate bonded investment mixed with special liquid

D. None of the above

3
3. Investment material should be porous to:

A. Allow hygroscopic expansion B. Allow thermal expansion

C. Escaping of air from mold space D. B&C

4. The purposes of heating the investment are to:

A. Increase the hygroscopic expansion of investment

B. Expand the mold thermallyC. Eliminate wax pattern from the moldD. B&C

5. Artificial venting is essential in:

A. Gypsum bonded investment B. Phosphate bonded investment

C. Silicate bonded investment D. All of the above

6. Too small casting may be due to:

A. Insufficient heating of the investment material

B. Insufficient melting of the alloy

C. Improper selection of the investment material D. A&C

7. The casting shrinkage of gold alloy is approximately:

A. 1.6% B. 0.5% C. 2.3% D. 3%

4
8. The number of bubbles in an investment material can be reduced by:

A. Investing the pattern under water B. Mixing the investment under vacuum

C. Using higher water/powder ratio D. Using lower water/powder ratio

9. Investments used for casting base metal alloys is:

A. Gypsum bonded investment. B. Silicate bonded investment.

C. Phosphate bonded investment mixed with waterD. None of the above

10. Investments must be:

A. Strong B. Porous C. Heat resistant D. All of the above.

11. The expansion of investment that occurred when immersed in water is

referred to as:

A. Setting B. Hygroscopic C. Imbibition D. Humidification

12. Investment material should be:

A. Strong B. Non Porous C. Heat resistant D. All of the above. E. A&C

5
13. Silica is present in investment material to provide:

A. Mold contraction on heating B. Mold expansion by the thermal expansion

C. Mold expansion by hygroscopic expansion

14. Gypsum bonded investment:

A. It is used for casting gold alloys

B. It is not suitable for higher fusing dental alloys

C. Sulfur trioxide gas evolved if it is heated at 1200°c D. A&C

E. All of the above

15. The role of refractory material in investment material is:

A. To produce porosity in the investment

B. To decrease the expansion of the investment

C. To decrease the strength of the investment

D. All of the above. E. None of the above

16. Investments used for casting gold alloys are:

6
A. Gypsum bonded investment. B. Silicate bonded investment.

C. Phosphate bonded investment mixed with special liquid

D. Phosphate bonded investment mixed with water E. A&D F. B&C

17. The casting shrinkage of base metal alloy is approximately:

A. 1.6% B. 0.5% C. 2.3% D. 3%

18. During casting procedure, sprue acts as a reservoir for the molten alloy

to:

A. Prevent fracture of investment B. Prevent shrinkage of investment

C. Compensate for solidification shrinkage of the alloy D. Allow escape of air

19. The main constituent of the investment material is the:

A. Modifier B. Retarder C. Refractory material. D. Accelerator E. Binder

20. The pathway for the molten casting metal to reach the mold formed in

the investment is known as:

A. Ceramic liner B. Crucible C. Casting ring D. Sprue

21. Which of the following investment materials need rubber ring:

7
A. Gypsum bonded B. Phosphate bonded with water

C. Silicate bonded D. All of the above

22. Which of the following investment materials have setting contraction:

A. Phosphate bonded B. Silicate bonded C. Gypsum bonded D. None of above

23. In the process of investing a wax pattern for cast gold alloy:

A. Use phosphate bonded investment mixed with excess silicate liquid

B. Use phosphate bonded investment mixed with water

C. Use phosphate bonded investment mixed with special liquid

D. Use silicate bonded investment E. All of answers

24. In the process of investing a wax pattern for cast base metal alloy:

A. Use gypsum bonded investment

B. Use phosphate bonded investment mixed with water

C. Use phosphate bonded investment mixed with special liquid

D. All of answers

8
25. Silica in investment materials:

A. Used in the amorphous form B. Acts as refractory material

C. Provides porosity of the mold D. Can form a coherent massE.

All of answers

26. In dental investment, cristobalite is used as a …………:

A. Binder B. Anti-expansion C. Refractory material D. Reducing agent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223242526

BACDCDABBDBEBE E ECCCDCBBCBC

- Casting Technology: (CH 4)

- MCQ:

1. The purposes of heating the investment are to:

9
A. Increase the hygroscopic expansion of investment

B. Expand the mold thermally C. Eliminate wax pattern from the moldD. B&C

2. The casting shrinkage of gold alloy is approximately:

A. 1.6%B. 0.5%C. 2.3%D. 3%

3. The casting shrinkage of base metal alloy is approximately:

A. 1.6% B. 0.5% C. 2.3% D. 3%

4. For acceptable casting results, once the wax pattern has been formed it

can be:

A. Stored at room temperature for 24 hours to allow any distortion to occur

before investing

B. Stored in a refrigerator but invested when cold

C. Stored in a refrigerator but warmed at room temperature before investing

D. Invested immediately

5. More centrifugal casting force is required for:

10
A. Gold alloy B. Cobalt chromium nickel C. Nickel chromium

D. Titanium E. B&C&D

6. More centrifugal casting force is required for:A. Gold alloy B. Cobalt

chromium nickel C. Nickel chromium D. B&C

7. Too small casting may be due to:

A. Insufficient heating of the investment material

B. Insufficient melting of the alloy

C. Improper selection of the investment material D. Incomplete wax elimination

E. A&C

8. Incomplete casting may be due to:

A. Insufficient force B. Incomplete melting C. Incomplete wax elimination

D. All of the above

9. The use of too narrow sprue diameter during casting will results in:

A. Back pressure porosity B. Localized shrinkage porosity

C. Necking D. None of the above

11
10. During casting of gold alloys, the length of the sprue should be adjusted

to keep the mounted wax pattern at …….. from the end of the casting ring:

A. 10 – 12 mm B. 2 – 3 mm C. 4 – 5 mm D. 6 – 8 mm

11. During casting of base metal alloys, the length of the sprue should be

adjusted to keep the mounted wax pattern at …….. from the end of the

casting ring:

A. 10 – 12 mm B. 3 – 4 mm C. 4 – 5 mm D. 6 – 8 mm

12. Improper use of wetting agent during investing the wax pattern leads to:

A. Surface discoloration of the cast

B. Surface roughness and irregularities of the cast

C. Oversized cast D. Distortion of the wax pattern

13. Distorted casting may be due to:

A. Proper selection of the investment B. immediate investing of the wax pattern

C. Over-heating of the investment D. Improper handling of the wax pattern

14. Shrinkage spot porosity may occur during casting procedure as result of:

A. Incorrect attachment of the sprue

12
B. Improper feeding of the mold with the molten alloy during solidification

C. Using to thin sprue D. All of the above

15. During casting procedure metallic ring should be lined with wet liner to:

A. Regulate the heat transfer through the investment material

B. Facilitate removal of the investment from the cast ring

C. Allow space for investment expansion D. All answers

16. Incomplete casting with rounded margins may be due to:

A. The use of thin and short sprue B. Sufficient casting pressure

C. The use of long sprue D. Sufficient venting of the investment

17. An undersized cast crownresult from:

A. Using thin sprueB. Using thick sprue

C. Improper selection of the investment material D. Using a rubber casting ring

18. To increase the hygroscopic expansion of gypsum bonded investment:

A. Use rubber ring with liner B.Use metallic ring with linerC. Use rubber

ringD.Use metallic ring with wet linerE. Use metallic ring

13
19. During casting procedure, the sprue can be made of:

A. Metal B. Plastic C. Wax D. All of answers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

D A C D E D E D B D B B D C D A C B D

- Casting Alloys: (CH 5)

- MCQ:

1. Which of the following is used in polishing base metal alloys:

A. pickling B. electro-polishing C. electroplating

2. Pickling is performed after casting:

A. gold alloys B. cobalt chromium alloy C. titanium alloys

3. Casting titanium alloy is very difficult because of:

A. high densityB. high melting temperature

C. high reactivity at high temperature D. all of the above E. B&C

14
4. Compared with type IV gold alloys, cobalt chromium alloys:

A. Are about half as dense B. Has higher casting shrinkage

C. Are easier to finish and polish

D. Use the same type of melting and casting equipment

E. All of the above F. A&B

5. Melting of base metal alloys is done using:

A. Air gas blow torch B. Oxyacetylene flame

C. Sand blasting machine D. None of the above

6. Nickel in base metal alloys is responsible for the ………….. Of the alloy:

A. Brittleness B. Carcinogenic property C. Ductility D. Resilience

7. Which of the following is the gold content of an 18 K alloy (by weight

percentage)?

A. 30% B. 40% C. 50% D.75%

15
8. Silicon and manganese are added to Co-Cr alloys to:

A. Improve the castability of the alloy B. Increase the strength of the alloy

C. Decrease melting temperature of the alloy D. Act as deoxidizersE. A&C

9. Silicon and manganese are added to Co-Cr alloys to:

A. Improve the castability of the alloy (Main role)

B. Increase the strength of the alloy

C. Decrease melting temperature of the alloy D. Act as deoxidizers

11. Hardening heat treatment of dental AuCu alloy is achieved by:

A. Heating the alloy up to 396°c followed by quenching

B. Heating the alloy up to 396°c followed by slow gradual cooling

C. Heating the alloy up to 450°c followed by quenching

D. Heating the alloy up to 450°c followed by slow gradual cooling

13. Resistance of noble metals to corrosion is due to their:

16
A. inertness (do not react with environment) B. high reactivity with environment

C. passivity D. high ability to react with oxygen

15. Chromium in base metals alloys is responsible for:

A. the increase in elastic modulus B. the brittleness of the alloy

C. resistance to tarnish and corrosion by formation of passive layer

D. the ductility of the alloy

16. Palladium\silver ratio in economy gold alloys should be:

A. 2:1 B. 1:3 C. 1:2 D. 3:1

17. Corrosion resistance of some base metals known as:

A. nobility B. sensitization C. resistivity D. passivity

18. For base metals alloys:

A. pickling is desirable to improve their surface finish

B. pickling is indicated to avoid formation of thick passive layer

C. pickling is contraindicated to avoid removal of passive layer

D. pickling is indicated to induce formation of passive layer

17
19. Which of the following elements is not noble:

A. palladium B. titanium C. platinum D. gold

20. Base metal dental casting alloy:

A. Are light in weight (have low density) B. Are easy to finish and polish

C. Have good corrosion resistance due to high nobility D. Are easy to cast

21. Less casting force (pressure) is required for:

A. gold alloys B. titanium alloy

C. nickel chromium alloy D. cobalt chromium alloy

22. Base metal dental casting alloy are characterized by:

A. high melting temperature B. high surface hardness

C. difficult casting D. all of the above

23. More casting force (pressure) is required for:

A. alloys with high density B. alloys with high strength

C. alloys with low density D. gold alloys

24. Platinum is added to gold alloys to:

18
A. Decrease the hardness B. Increase the yellow color of gold alloys

C. Increase strengthD. Increase ductility

25. In gold alloys, the tendency of silver to absorb oxygen gas is reduced

bythe addition of:

A. Carbon B. Platinum C. Copper D. Chromium

28. The alloy used for the ceramo-metallic restoration must have:

A. Silver and copper in high percentage amount B. High sag resistance

C. Low ductility D. Low melting temperature

29. ……….. is used as an alternative for gold alloys type IV:

A. Nickel titanium B. Stainless steel

C. Cobalt chromium D. All of the above

30. Casting titanium alloy is very difficult because of:

A. low density B. high melting temperature C. high reactivity at high

temperature D. all of the above E. B&C

31. Compared to base metal alloys, Gold alloys are:

19
A. Lower ductility B. Easier to finish and polish

C. Higher in stiffness D. More difficult in casting

32. The primary oxygen scavenger in noble metal casting alloys is:

A. Zinc B. Silver C. Copper D. Iron

33. Base metals alloys can be used in thin sections due to their high:

A. hardness B. modulus of elasticity C. yield strength D. ultimate strength

35. ……… Acts as a grain refiner in base metal alloys:

A. Iridium B. Molybdenum C. Manganese D. Beryllium

38. Addition of 5% of ……. Has a pronounced effect on whitening the color

of gold alloy:

A. Indium B. tin C. Palladium D. Copper

39. The principal hardener in noble metal casting alloy is:

A. Carbon B. Cobalt C. Copper D. Aluminum

43. Tin and indium are added to gold alloys to:

A. Increases ductility B. Form oxide layer to bond with porcelain

20
C. Increases flexibility D. Increases melting temperature

44. The increase of carbon percentage in base metal alloys than the desired

percentage may lead to:

A. Increases the melting temperature B. Increases the brittleness of the alloy

C. Increases tarnish and corrosion resistance of the alloyD. Increases strength

45. The fineness of a 24 carat gold alloy is:

A. 300 B. 1000 C. 500 D. 750

46. Carbon in base metal alloys:

A. Increases the melting temperature B. Increases strength

C. Act as grain refiners D. Increases tarnish and corrosion resistance of the alloy

47. All of the following metals have a whitening effect on gold alloys except:

A. Silver B. Platinum C. Copper D. Palladium

49. ……… lowers the melting range of base metal alloys by 100°C but its

vapor is carcinogenic to the technician:

A. Carbon B. Chromium C. Nickel D. Beryllium

21
53. Copper in gold alloys:

A. Increases malleability and ductility B. Act as scavenger

C. Produces oxides that help bonding with porcelain

D. Is important in heat treatment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

B A E F B C D E A A D A A C C B D C B A

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

A D C C C C B B D D B A B A B D A C C B

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

A C B B B B C A D A D A D B

22
- Non Metallic: (CH 6)

- MCQ:

1. Acrylic resin denture base with porcelain teeth may lead to:

A. Contraction porosity B. Gaseous porosity.

C. Crazing D. Dimensional changes.

2. Using a high liquid/powder ratio during mixing acrylic resin leads to:

A. Shrinkage porosity. B. Granular mix.

C. Gaseous porosity. D. All of the above.

3. The acrylic resin powder/liquid mixture should be packed during:

A. Maximum flexibility. B. The sticky stage.

C. The dough stage. D. The rubbery stage.

4. Porcelain artificial denture teeth :

A. transmit less forces to the underlying tissues than acrylic teeth

23
B. retained to the denture base mechanically by pins or undercuts holes

C. has lower density than acrylic teeth D. all of the above

5. Packing of acrylic denture base in rubbery stage :

A. is desirable B. may result in porosity in the final denture base

C. the material will be to viscous to flow under the pressure of the flask pores

D. A & C

6. For curing of denture base acrylic resin, the long cycle is preferred to the

short cycle due to:

A. reduce shrinkage porosity B. obtain higher degree of polymerization

C. increase water sorption D. obtain an over-sized denture

7. A broken denture is fixed using :

A. resilient liner B. heat cured acrylic resin C. self-cured acrylic resin

D. tissue conditioner

8. After processing, in dry conditions, non-metallic denture base resin :

A. undergoes expansion C. liberates water

24
B. liberates alcohol D. undergoes shrinkage

9. An ideal non-metallic denture base must:

A. Have high density B. Have low impact strength

C. Have low modulus of elasticity D. Be easy to repair

10. The monomer should be kept in tightly sealed dark bottle to avoid:

A. rapid polymerization reaction when mixed with the polymer

B. self- polymerization of the liquid on storage

C. discoloration D. all of the above

11. Residual monomer in acrylic resin denture base result from:

A. Processing at too low temperature B. Processing for too short time

C. Processing at too high temperature D. Both A&B

12. Benzoil peroxide is used in the powder component of the mixture for

processing PMMA to:

A. Increase shelf life of the powder B. Retard the rate of polymerization

25
C. Increase the solubility of the powder in the liquid monomer

D. Initiate the polymerization reaction

13. Internal porosity is most likely to occur in which portion of the denture:

A. On the surface B. In those surface located near the flask periphery

C. In the center of thick portion D. In the portion having less thickness of resin

14. The porosity that may caused by monomer boiling, during processing a

denture base is localized in:

A. The thin palatal regionB. The surface of thick ridge portion

C. The interior of the thick ridge portion D. Both A&B

15. Using higher monomer/polymer ratio in the mixture for processing

PMMA will result in:

A. Polymerization expansion B. No effect upon polymerization shrinkage

C. Higher polymerization shrinkage D. Lower polymerization shrinkage

16. In processing PMMA, polymer solubility in monomer can be increased

by:

A. Using cross-linked polymer B. Using plasticizer in the polymer or monomer

26
C. Using a large percentage of high molecular weight polymer in the powder

D. All of the above

17. Acrylic teeth are retained in acrylic resin denture base by:

A. Mechanical interlocking B. Chemical bonding

18. The retention of porcelain teeth in acrylic resin denture base is due to:

A. Mechanical interlocking B. Chemical bonding

19. The higher the solubility of the polymer in the monomer:

A. The faster would be the polymerization reaction

B. The slower would be the polymerization reaction

20. The decomposition of benzoil peroxide during curing of heat-cured

acrylic resins would result in:

A. Rapid increase in temperature of resin

B. Rapid decrease in temperature of resin

C. Rapid increase in temperature of gypsum

D. Rapid decrease in temperature of gypsum

27
21. Resin that are polymerized by light activation are called:

A. Heat-curing resin B. Self-curing resin C. Photo-initiated resins D. All of them

22. The mixture for processing PMMA should be packed into the flask

when:

A. The mixture becomes stringy and adhesive

B. The mixture becomes smooth, dough like and none adhesive

C. The mixture has sandy consistency D. The mixture becomes rubbery

23. The polymer/monomer ratio for heat curing acrylic resin:

A. Is about 1/3 by volume B. If too high will result in granularity porosity

C. If too high will result in excessive shrinkage

D. If too high will have a longer reaction time

24. The reason of inferior color stability of cold-cured acrylic resin to that of

heat-cured acrylic resin is:

A. Breakdown of benzoil peroxide B. Evaporation of monomer

C. Oxidation of tertiary amine D. All of them

28
25. The inhibitor used in the liquid component of the mixture for processing

PMMA is:

A. Butyl phthalate B. Dimethyl p-toluidin C. HydroquinoneD. Vinyl Chloride

26. Polymerization of cold-cure PMMA is achieved by:

A. Heating the mixture of monomer and polymer

B. Chemical activation of the monomer C. Use of cross-linking agent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

C A C B C B C D D B

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

D D C C C B B A A A

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

C B B C C B

29
- Ceramics: (CH 10)

-MCQ:

1. The brittle nature of ceramic restoration can be explained on the basis of:

A. being atomic solidB. arrangement of atoms in space

C. their ionic bond D. the atomic packing factor

2. Feldspar is:

A. hydrous alummo-silicate B. serve as amorphous glassy phase

C. added in 20%-30% D. all of the above

3. Glass modifiers:

A. Interrupt the integrity of the sio4 network B. increase fusion temperature

C. lower thermal expansion D. all of the above

4. If gold alloys for PFM restoration does not contain tin ,indium or iron:

30
A. corrosion resistance will be decreased

B. bonding to porcelain will be affected

C. modulus of elasticity will be decreasedD. all of the above

5. Compared to porcelain denture teeth, acrylic denture teeth have:

A. higher hardnessB. higher density

C. higher resilience D. higher resistance to wear

6. Lowering the sintering temperature of dental porcelain is a function of:

A. kaolin B. feldspar C. glass modifiersD. fluorescing agent

7. All of the following are properties of ceramics except that they have:

A. high modulus of elasticity B. high melting point

C. high compressive strength D. high ductility

8. Alumina strengthens dental porcelain through:

A. increasing its density B. interfering with crack propagation

C. increasing the elastic modulus D. improving bonding

9. The main disadvantage of ceramics is its:

31
A. low thermal conductivityB. low optical properties

C. low tensile strength D. low melting point

10. Which of the following reduces the translucency of dental porcelain:

A. glass B. fluorescing agent C. Na2OD. TiO2

11. The aim of compacting dental porcelain is:

A. decrease porosity B. decrease firing shrinkage C. removes excess water

D. all of above

12. …………………… acid is needed to etch a ceramic:

A. sulphuric acid B. nitric acid

C. hydrochloric acid D. hydrofluoric acid

13. To achieve compressive bonding in porcelain fused to metal

restorations:

A. the metal should contract more than double that of porcelain

B. the metal should contract slightly more than porcelain

32
C. the metal should contract slightly less than porcelain

D. the metal should contract equal to porcelain

14. Proper condensation of dental porcelain can be achieved by:

A. Applying dry porcelain powder to porcelain paste after firing

B. Applying dry porcelain powder on porcelain paste

C. Placing porcelain paste increment by increment and then light cured

D. Use severe vibration to pack the wet powder on the underlying framework

15. The coefficient of thermal expansion of porcelain used in porcelain fused

to metal restoration should:

A. Equal that of metal B. Slightly higher than that of metal

C. Slightly lower than that of metal D. something else

16. The liquid component in dental porcelain during shaping is:

A. Dilute polyacrylic acid B. Dilute phosphoric acid

C. Dilute hydrofluoric acid D. Water

33
17. Porcelain used in ceramo-metal (Porcelain fused to metal) restorations it

should be:

A. High fusing B. Medium fusing C. Low fusing D. Ultra low fusing E. c&d

18. Alloy used in ceramo-metal (Porcelain fused to metal) restorations it

should be:

A. Match porcelain in coefficient of thermal expansion

B. Have coefficient of thermal expansion slightly higher than that of porcelain

C. Have coefficient of thermal expansion slightly lower than that of porcelain

D. Be of lower melting temperature than firing temperature of porcelain

19. The bond between porcelain and metal in case of porcelain fused to

metal (Ceramo-metallic) restorations is:

A. Chemical only B. Chemical + Mechanical C. Mechanical only

D. Chemical + Mechanical + Compressive

20. Tin and indium are added to gold alloys to:

A. Increases ductility B. Form oxide layer to bond with porcelain

C. Increases flexibility D. Increases melting temperature

34
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

C A C B C C D B C D D D B B C D E B D B

35