OLABISI ONABANJOUNIVERSITY, AGO - IWOYE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IBOGUN CAMPUS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

Course Code: MEG 205

Course Title: ENGINEERING MECHNICS I
Unite: 3

Course Content

ENGINEERING MECHANICS I (STATICS)

Fundamentals of mechanics; Forces in space, equivalent system, equilibrium of rigid bodies,
distributed forces, center of gravity, internal actions, analysis of simple structures and machine
parts.
Learning outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
 Recall trigonometric laws and apply to the addition and decomposition of vectors quantities.
 Identify the moment of a force and calculate its value about a specified axis. Define the
moment of a couple.
 Describe the concept of dry friction and analyze the equilibrium of rigid bodies subjected to
this force.
 Construct "Free Body Diagrams" of real world problems and apply Newton's Laws of motion
and vector operations to evaluate equilibrium of particles and bodies.
 Apply the principles of equilibrium of particles and bodies to analyze the forces in planar
truss members. Discuss the concepts of ``center of gravity'' and ``centroids'' and compute
their location for bodies of arbitrary shape.
Apply the concepts used for determining canter of gravity and centroids to find the resultant
of a generally distributed loading 16
 Use methods learnt for equilibrium of bodies and the resultant of a generally distributed
loading to compute the internal forces in beams. Generalize the procedure to construct
bending moments and shear force diagrams (internal forces) and utilize this information in
engineering design.

Texts: (1) Engineering Mechanics_Static (Meriam and Kraige)

(2) Engineering Mechanics 1 (Gross et al.)

Note
INTRODUCTION
 The tasks of mechanics include the description and determination of the motion of bodies, as
well as the investigation of the forces associated with the motion. Example wheel of a vehicle
rolling, flight of an airplane
 Mechanical quantities such as velocity, mass, force, momentum or energy describing the
mechanical properties of a system are connected with mechanics. Bodies may be considered
rigid if their deformation does not really affect their mechanical properties.

Concept for mechanics:

Space: geometric region occupied by bodies whose positions are described by linear and angular
measurements
Time: measure of the succession of events
Mass: quantity of matter in a body or measure of the inertia of a body

Force
Physical quantity that can be brought into equilibrium with gravity.
Characterized by three properties: magnitude, direction, and point of application. (vector
quantity)

(source: Gross et al.)

A Particle: body of negligible dimensions (dimension of approximately zero).

Rigid body: when the change in distance between any two of its points is negligible (e.g. tension
in a rope).

Scales an vectors
Scalar - magnitude is associated (e.g. time, volume, density, speed, energy, mass)
Vector - direction as well as magnitude (displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment,
and momentum)
 (Gross et al.)

By Pythagoras

Directions:

Newton’s law:
1st - A particle remains at rest or continues to move with uniform velocity (in a straight line with
a constant speed) if there is no unbalanced force acting on it.
2nd - The acceleration of a particle is proportional to the vector sum of forces acting on it, and is
in the direction of this vector sum.
3rd - The forces of action and reaction between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude,
opposite in direction, and collinear

The 2nd law form the basis in mechanics:

State as ΣF = ma

Example
Determine the weight in newton of a car whose mass is 1400 kg.
W = mg
= 1400 x 9.81 = 13,730N

Example 2 Vectors V1 and V2 are shown in the figure.

i) Compute the magnitude S of their vector sum S = V1 + V2
ii) Determine the angle α between S and the positive x-axis
iii) Write S as a vector in terms of the unit vectors I and j and then write a unit vector n
along the vector sum S
iv) Determine the deference D = V1 - V2
 iv) Vector difference D

Force System
Complete description of forces: must include i) Magnitude, ii) direction and iii) point
of application.
Action of forces are either external (Applied forces or reactive forces) or internal.
Principle of transmissibility: force may be applied at any point on its given line of action
without altering the resultant effects of the force external to the rigid body on which it acts.
We need only to specify magnitude, direction, and line of action of the force.

Example
The forces F1, F2, and F3, all of which act on point A of the bracket, are specified in three
different ways. Determine the x and y scalar components of each of the three forces.
Soln

Example
Combine the two forces P and T, which act on the fixed structure at B, into a single equivalent
force R.
OR

The resultant can also be written as:

Example
The 500-N force F is applied to the vertical pole as shown. (1) Write F in terms of the unit
vectors i and j and identify both its vector and scalar components. (2) Determine the scalar
components of the force vector F along the x- and y-axes. (3) Determine the scalar components
of F along the x- and y-axes.
Scalar components are Fx = 250 N and Fy = 433 N.
The vector components are Fx = 250i N and Fy = 433j N

F = 500i’ N

Completing the parallelogram, thus we have

The required scalar component are: Fx = 1kN ; Fy’ = -866 N

Assignment:
A homogeneous beam (length 4a, weight W) is suspended at C by a rope. The beam touches the
smooth vertical walls at A and B.
Example: 3-dimensional force system
A force F with a magnitude of 100 N is applied at the origin O of the axes x-y-z as shown. The
line of action of F passes through a point A whose coordinates are 3 m, 4 m, and 5 m. Determine
(a) the x, y, and z scalar components of F, (b) the projection Fxy of F on the x-y plane, and (c) the
projection FOB of F along the line OB.

The scalar components are: Fx = 42.4 N, Fy = 56.6 N, Fz = 70.7 N

The unit vector nOB along OB is

Equilibrium
When a body is in equilibrium, the resultant of all forces must be zero.
R = ∑F = 0 M ∑M = 0

Once we decide which body or combination of bodies to analyze, we then treat this body or
combination as a single body isolated from all surrounding bodies. The isolation is accomplished
by means of the free-body diagram (FBD).

Key concepts for FBD

1) Decide which system to isolate. The system must include the unknown.
2) Isolate the chosen system by drawing a diagram which represents its complete external boundary.
3) Identify all forces which act on the isolated system as applied by the removed contacting and attracting bodies,
and represent them in their proper positions on the diagram of the isolated system.
4) Show the coordinate axes directly on the diagram and the dimensions.

Modeling action of forces

Example
Determine the magnitudes of the forces C and T, which, along with the other three forces shown,
act on the bridge-truss joint.

 To avoid a simultaneous solution, we may use axes x’ – y’ with the first summation in the
y’-direction to eliminate reference to T
Example
Calculate the tension T in the cable which supports the 1000-lb load with the pulley arrangement
shown. Each pulley is free to rotate about its bearing, and the weights of all parts are small
compared with the load. Find the magnitude of the total force on the bearing of pulley C.

The free body diagram:

With pulley radius r,

Equilibrium of forces on pulley B

For pulley C the angle θ = 30 in no way affects the moment of T

Equilibrium of the pulley in the x- and y-directions

Equilibrium in 3 dimensions
Example
The uniform 7-m steel shaft has a mass of 200 kg and is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A
in the horizontal floor. The ball end B rests against the smooth vertical walls as shown. Compute
the forces exerted by the walls and the floor on the ends of the shaft.

FBD:

W = mg = 200(9.81) = 1962 N
The vertical position of B is found from:

Use A as a moment center to eliminate reference to the forces at A.

To calculate the forces at A:

OR
Scalar solution:
Structures