Demo 40 Know Your State Jharkhand - Experts, Arihant

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Jharkhand
BASIC INFORMATION
Basic Facts
Formation of the state 15th November ,2000
Name of capital Ranchi
Sub- capital of the state Dumka
Rank of the state in terms of population in India 14th
Industrial capital of the state Jamshedpur
Rank of the state in terms of Area in India 15th
Latitude of the state 21°59¢ N to 25°18¢ N
Longitude of the state 83°20¢ E to 87°57¢ E
Boundaries of the state Bihar in the North, Odisha in the South, West
Bengal in the East, Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh
in the West
Length of the state 463 km East to West
Breadth of the state 380 km North to South
State Language Hindi
Area of the state 79,714 sq km
Latitudnal line passing through state Tropic of Cancer (Passes through Ranchi and
Gumla)
Districts of the Jharkhand touching the boundary 10 (Garhwa, Pakur, Chatra, Hazaribagh, Koderma,
of Bihar Gridih, Sahibganj, Deoghar, Dumka, Godda)
Districts of the Jharkhand which touches the 10 (Sahibganj, Pakur, Dumka, Jamtara, Dhanbad,
boundary with West Bengal Bokaro, Ramgarh, Ranchi, Seraikela-Kharsawan,
Purbi-Singhbhum)
Demography
Population 3,29,88,134 (ranked 14th in country)
• Male 1,69,30,315
• Female 1,60,57,819
Urban Population 79,33,061
• Male 41,5,3,829
• Female 3,77,92,232
Rural Population 2,50,55,073
• Male 1,27,76,486
• Female 1,22,78,587
Population Density 414 persons per sq km
Decadal Population Growth 22.42% (2001-2011)
Percentage of Total Population of India 2.72% (2011)
Sex ratio 949 (18th)
Literacy Rate 66.4% (31st)
• Male 76.8%
• Female 55.4%
ST Population 86,45,042
SC Population 39,85,644
Administrative Structure
Legislature Unicameral
Legislative Constituencies 82 (Elected 81 and Nominated 1)
Number of Seats Reserved for Scheduled Tribes 28
Number of Seats Reserved for Scheduled Castes 09
Lok Sabha Constituencies 14 (ST-05, SC-01)
Rajya Sabha seats 6
Largest Constituency of Lok Sabha Singhbhum
Smallest Constituency of Lok Sabha Chatra
Total District 24
Total Division 5
Number of districts during formation of state 18
Newly formed districts after formation of state 6 (Latehar, Jamtara, Simdega, Khunti,
Seraikela-Kharsawan, Ramgarh)
Sub-Divisions 45
Blocks 264
High Court Ranchi (21st High Court of India)
First in Jharkhand
First Governor Prabhat Kumar
First Chief Minister Babulal Marandi
First Leader of Opposition Inder Singh Namdhari
First Speaker of Vidhan Sabha Stephen Marandi
First Woman Cabinet Minister Joba Majhi
First Chief Justice of High Court Vinod Kumar Gupta
First Chief Secretary Vijay Shankar Dubey
First IG Police Shivaji Mohan Caire
First Advocate General MM Banerjee
First Paramveer Chakra awardee Albert Ekka
First Ashok Chakra awardee Randhir Prasad Verma
First International Hockey Player Savitri Purti
First Chairman of the Jharkhand Phatikchandra Hembrum
Public Service Commission
First Nominated Member of Vidhan Sabha Joseph Pacheli Galstaun
First Copper Plant Ghatshila
First Cement Factory Japla
First University Ranchi University
First Agriculture University Birsa Agricultural University
First Medical College Rajendra Medical College (Now Rajendra Institute
of Medical Sciences)
First Degree College St Columba’s College
First Daily Hindi Newspaper Rashtriya Bhasha
First English Newspaper Daily Press
First Film Aakarant
First Santhali Film Mukhya Braha
First Power House Tilaiya
Pioneer of Jharkhand Movement J Barthoman
Jharkhand First in India and in World

First Steel Factory of India Jamshedpur (1907)
First Largest Fertilizer Plant of India Sindri (1951)
First Large Explosive Production Factory of India Gomia
First Methane Gas Well of Asia Parbatpur (Bokaro) Parbatpur
Largest Iron and Steel Factory of India Bokaro
Largest Export Centre of Lac in the World Tori (Latehar)
Miscellaneous
First Copper Plant of the state Ghatshila
Highest Waterfall of the state Budhaghagh or Lodh falls
Highest Peak of the state Parasnath
Coldest Peak of the state Netarhat
City of Black Diamond Dhanbad
Storage House of Minerals Chhota Nagpur
Place receiving the highest in the state Netarhat
Shimla of the state Ranchi
Steel City of the state Jamshedpur (Tatanagar)
Largest River Valley Project of the state Damodar Valley Project
Jharkhand
State Symbols
State Animal: Asiatic Elephant
The Asian or Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species
of the genus Elephas and is distributed in South-East Asia from India in
the West to Borneo in the East. Three subspecies are recognised;
Elephas maximus from Sri Lanka, the Elephas maximus indicus from
mainland Asia, and Elephas maximus sumatranus from the island of
Sumatra. Asian elephants are the largest living land animals in Asia.
State Bird: Asian Koel

The Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus) is a member of
the cuckoo family of birds, the Cuculiformes. It is found in the Indian
Subcontinent, China, and South-East Asia. It forms a superspecies with
the closely related black-billed and Pacific koels which are sometimes
treated as subspecies. The Asian koel lays its eggs in the nests
of crows and other hosts, who raise their young. They are unusual among
the cuckoos in being largely frugivorous as adults. The name koel is
echoic in origin with several language variants. The bird is a widely used
symbol in Indian poetry.
State Flower: Palash

Butea monosperma is a species of Butea, native to tropical and
sub-tropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and South-East Asia, ranging
across India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Western Indonesia. Common names
include flame-of-the-forest and bastard teak.
State Tree: Sal

Shorea robusta, also known as sal, sakhua or shala tree, is a species of
tree belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae family. This tree is native to the
Indian subcontinent, ranging South of the Himalaya, from Myanmar in the
East to Nepal, India and Bangladesh. In India, it extends from Assam,
Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, to Shivalik Hills in Haryana and East of the
Yamuna.
State Seal
State Seal of Jharkhand has four ‘J’ letters and those makes a square.
‘Ashoka Chakra’ is placed inside this square. Colour of ‘J’ letters are
green and Ashoka Chakra has blue outline.
CHAPTER 1
ANCIENT HISTORY
OF JHARKHAND
The Ancient History of Jharkhand goes back to pre-historic era, when
the ancient tribes were living in forests and hilly areas in Jharkhand.
Historians and archaeologists use different archaeological and literary
sources to interpret its history. In ancient times, the region of
Jharkhand was ruled by many tribal as well as other famous ruler
dynasties.
Jharkhand has a unique geographical, demographic and historical composition. It

has always been a meeting point for several cultures and races. Different races like
Indo-Aryan, Negrito, Proto-Australoids and Mongoloids have co-existed together
since ancient times and combined to form a new culture. Travelogue, archaeological
and historical proofs play a dominant function in building up of any history but in
case of Jharkhand, legends, ancestral stories and folk tales also play a major role in
creating its history.
The word Jharkhand is formed by addition of two words viz, Jhar and Khand. Jhar
means forest and Khand means a part of land. Thus, the literal meaning of
Jharkhand is ‘the land of forests’. The first reference of this region is found in
Aitareya Brahmana in which it was named as Punda or Pundra. In Digvijay Parva
of Mahabharata, this region is called Pundarike Desh. The earliest reference of word
Jharkhand comes from a 13th century copper plate inscription. The word Jharkhand
has also been referred in the couplet of Kabir Das and Malik Mohammad Jayasi’s
Padmavat.
Sources of Ancient History of Jharkhand

There are different sources of historiscal evidence which provide important
information about the ancient history of Jharkhand. These source are as follows:
Archaeological Sources
G
Archaeologists have found evidences in different parts of Jharkhand which provide
them with substantial amount of information about the place. These evidences are
dated to 1,00,000 BC and include copper tools, jewellery, stone tools, coins,
idols, etc.
6 Know Your State JHARKHAND
Inscriptions
G
Some important inscriptions provide authentic information about historical events
occurs in Jharkhand.
G
Saridkel Brahmi inscription (Khunti), Kabrakalan Brahmi inscription (Palamu),
Dudhpani inscription (East Singhbhum), Vishnugupta inscription of Kamleswari
(Chatra), etc are important evidences of the ancient history of Jharkhand.
G
These inscriptions are scattered over the state of Jharkhand and hold valuable and
authentic information.
Some Important Inscriptions found in Jharkhand

Inscription Period District
Belinigarh inscription 4-5th Century AD Godda
Chandil inscription 8th-9th Century AD East Singhbhum
Pat Kum inscription 8-9th Century AD East Singhbhum
Mahendrapal Itkhori inscription 9th-10th Century AD East Singhbhum
Coins
G
Coins belonging to the Kushana Empire have been found in the Ranchi district of
Jharkhand from the 1st and 2nd century BC.
G
Some such coins have also been found in Mayurbhanj and Singhbhum. Roman coins
have been found in Singhbhum, which are a proof that Jharkhand was involved in
foreign trade during this time. Indo-Scythian coins have been found in Chaibasa.
Statues
G
Statues from the Pala dynasty and remains of stones and ‘Shiva Linga’ from 8th
century to 11th century CE have been found in Dumduma in Hazaribagh district.
G
Idols of Hindu and Jain Gods and Goddesses from 7-8th century CE have been
found in Singhbhum.
G
Buddha idols have been found in several areas of Dhanbad and Hazaribagh. Also,
many Jain statues have been found in Palamu and near Kangsabati river.
Drawings/Paintings
G
Pre-historic paintings have been excavated in 1991, at several places in
Hazaribagh. Some pictures of the act of hunting have been found in the caves in
Palamu district at Bhawanathpur.
G
Painting made by primitive people, ancient Sun temple and cave are found in Isko
of Hazaribagh district.
Ancient History of Jharkhand 7
Literary Sources
The literary sources of Jharkhand can be divided into religious and non-religious
literature.
In religious literature it was described as:
— In Mahabharat, Jharkhand has been called Pashubhumi and Pundarike Desh.
— The region of Santhal Pargana, in the ancient period was known by the name
Narikhand and later by name Kankjol.

— In Early Sanskrit literature, Chhota Nagpur has been called Kalind Desh.
— In Bhagvata Purana, Jharkhand was known by the name Kikkat Pradesh.
— The region of Jharkhand is called as ‘Mund’ in Vishnu Purana and ‘Murund’ in
Vayu Purana.
In non-religious literature it was described as:
— Chinese traveller Xuanzang described Jharkhand’s Rajmahal region as
‘Kelo-Nasu-Fala-Na’ in his work ‘Si-Yu-Ki’.

— Chhota Nagpur and Rajmahal has been described by many foreign travellers such
as Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) (China), Abdul Latif (Iran), Behbahani (Iran), Bishop
Heber, etc.
Period of Ancient History

The period of ancient history is divided into pre-historic period and historic period.
Pre-historic Period
The pre-historic period of Jharkhand is divided into early stone age, middle stone
age and new stone age. These are discussed below:
Early Stone Age
G
Stone tools of this age like hand axe and scraper have been found in places like
Bokaro, Deoghar, Dumka, Banda in Hazaribagh and Damodar river area in Ramgarh.
G
Copper utensils and tools have been found in Bargunda and Karharbari.
G
Pre-historic cave paintings are found in Isko, Hazaribagh. These are dated to
about 9000 to 50,000 BC.
G
Pottery, tattoos, marriage and harvest paintings have been found here. Several
other materials belonging to the old stone age have been found in areas like
Amainagar, Chaibasa, Dahigadha, Dhorangi, Narsinghgarh, Jagannathpur,
Lotapahar etc.
G
Stone tools, paintings are also found in Palamu, Garhwa, Singhbhum.
G
Places like Jurdag, Parsadin, Jojda, Chipdi, Saradkel etc had earliest remains of
paleolithic period.
Middle Stone Age

G
Many archaeological proofs have been found in Dhanbad and some regions of
Dumka and Palamu, relating to the middle stone age.
G
In places like Badkagaon, Mandi, Rajrappa, etc in Hazaribagh district and
Ramgarh, stone tools have been found. The ruins of many temples are found in
Dalmi. Also, relics of some Buddhist statues have been found here.
G
Ranchi district is a storehouse of materials belonging to the middle stone age.
Many proofs have also been found in Jagannathpur and East Singhbhum.
Microliths were much in use during the middle stone age.
G
The average length of the stone tools used were from 1 inch to 3 inch. Such tools
have been found in Dhanbad, Dumka, Palamu, Ranchi and East Singhbhum areas
of Jharkhand.
New Stone Age

G
Several areas of Ranchi, Lohardaga, Jamshedpur and other places in East
Singhbhum have been reported to contain proofs of the New Stone Age.
G
The New Stone Age was much more advanced as compared to the earlier age, as
people turned from hunters/gatherers to agriculturists and engaged in animal
husbandry.
G
A proof of this could be the earthenware pots, weapons made of animal bones and
hammers made of stone.
G
Many weapons have been excavated from the Karo river area in Chaibasa in 1868.
Bronze Age
G
Archaeological proofs of Bronze Age have been found in Singhbhum area. It is
believed that this age was founded in Chhota Nagpur region by the Asurs and
Birjia tribes.
G
Different types of tools and utensils made of bronze were found in different
regions like Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Bokaro, Dumka, Mandu, Baramunda, Rajrappa,
Kusumgarh, Pandu, etc.
G
A cup made of bronze has been found from Lohardaga. At Pandu, a brick wall,
mud pot, and copper tools have been found.
G
A copper chain and a bronze ring has been found from Murad. Lupungdih has
evidences of early cemetery.
Historic Period
The historic period refers to the period after pre-historic age. This include the vedic
period and emergence of Buddhism and Jainism.
Vedic Period
During this period Jharkhand was known as Kikkat Pradesh. Asur, Khadiya and
Birhor tribe resides in Jharkhand during this period. In vedic literature, the tribes
residing in this region were referred to as Asurs.
Vedic period is divided into two parts which are as follows:

Rigvedic Period In Rigveda, Jharkhand was referred to as Kikkatanam Dashoanarya.
People during Rigvedic period were pastoralists. The tribes in Jharkand are referred
to as Shishnodeva in Rigveda.
Later Vedic Period During this period, Kikkat Pradesh is divided into several
kingdoms like Magadha, Anga, Pundra, Kalinga, etc. During this period, the use of
iron was started.
Buddhism
G
Gautam Buddha was born at Lumbini (Nepal) is 563BC. He was the founder of
Buddhism.
G
Some scholars hold the view that Gautam Buddha was born in Chhota Nagpur.
Amarnath Das, a noted scholar has mentioned the names of some places in
Chhota Nagpur, which were associated with the life and times of Buddha.
G
Ruins of Buddhist monuments and statues have been found in different parts of
Jharkhand like Dalmi, Diapur and Budhpur in Dhanbad district.
G
Many Buddhist statues have been found in areas like Bhula village near
Jamshedpur, Katunga village of Gumla district, Jonha in Ranchi district and Ichagarh
in Dhanbad.
G
Stone statue of Buddha has been found from Surjakund near Barhi in Hazaribagh.
G
Several Buddhist remains have been found in Murtiya village in Palamu, which
have been preserved in the museum of the Post-Graduate Department of History
in Ranchi University.
G
There is a mound in Belwadag village located 3 km East of Khunti in Ranchi
district, which seems to be a part of Buddha Vihar’s remains. The shape of its
bricks have special features of the Mauryan era. Chandragupta Maurya was also
familiar with this area as one of his rock inscriptions describe the area with
reference to the tribes of Atwi.
G
The renowned historian Devadatta Ramkrishna has identified Atwi as the area
between Baghelkhand to the sea-coast of Odisha.
G
A Buddhist monastery which was referred by Chinese traveller Fa-Hien was found
in the Sitagarha mountain of Hazaribagh. Most of the samples found here are
made of grey sandstone.
Jainism
G
Alongwith Buddhism, Jainism also continued to spread in the Jharkhand area. The
23rd Tirthankar of the Jains, Parsvanatha achieved Nirvana on the Parasnath hill
(also known as Sammed Shikharji).
G
It is believed to be the place where twenty of the twenty four Jain Tirthankaras
alongwith many other monks attained Moksha. The pilgrimage to Shikharji is a
round trip of 27 km through the Madhuban forest in Giridih district.
G
According to Dr Virottam, Chhota Nagpur area was the main centre of Jainism.
Several remains of Jainism have been found in the river valleys of Damodar and
Kasai.
G
Colonel Dalton found many Jain idols in Pakwira and banks of Kasai river.
G
Some scholars are of the view that Jainism had the least influence in the areas of
Palamu and Garhwa, but Dr Virottam disproved it and point out some worship
places of Jains near Satbarwa.
G
Although this area was not fertile, the commercial passages around it connected
Tamralipti to Patliputra, Gaya and Varanasi.
G
The writings of Hiuen Tsang elucidate that the rule of Shashank overthrew the
religions of Buddhism and Jainism and re-established Hinduism as the prominent
religion.
Ancient History of Tribes of Chhota Nagpur

G
The earliest tribes of Chhota Nagpur were Kharias, Birhors and Asurs. Munda,
Oraons and Hos were tribes of later time. The Cheros, the Kharwars, the Bhumij
and the Santhals entered in the region of Jharkhand subsequently. Thus, the
chronological order of tribes is Kharia, Birhor, Asur, Korwa, Munda, Oraon, Ho,
Chero, Kharwar, Bhumij, Santhal.
G
Kharia and Birhor entered Chhota Nagpur through the hills of Kaimur. Kharias
were on of the first tribes to move in Chhota Nagpur like the Asurs and Birjias.
G
The people belonging to the Oraon tribe were perhaps the inhabitants of South
India, who has migrated to many places before reaching Chhota Nagpur. Some
linguists have found similarities between the Kurk language of oraons and the
Kannad and Tamil language.
G
One of two branches of Oraon settled near Rajmahal. The people belonging to the
other branch settled in Palamu and the remaining came to Chhota Nagpur.
G
According to the historians, Mundas came to Jharkhand from Tibet.
G
Munda tribes laid the foundation of the Naga dynasty of this region. By 1000 BC
almost all tribes except Chero, Kharwar and Santhal had settled in this region.
DM Majumdar’s book Races and Cultures of India give information about the
entry of Chero, Kharwar, Bhumij, Santhal, etc tribes in Jharkhand.
Magadha Empire
G
During Buddha era (6th to 5th Century BC), 16 Mahajanapadas were established.
Magadha was the most powerful among these 16 Mahajanapadas.
G
This Mahajanapada was referred to as Kikkat. The first reference of Magadha can
be found in Mahabharata. Jarasandh, the king of Asurs, was the ruler of Magadha.
G
Magadha Empire was extended from Ganga river in the North to Vindhyas in the
South and Sone river in the West.
Mauryan Empire
G
Chandragupta Maurya was the most powerful ruler of Mauryan Empire. Chanakya
was the mentor of Chandragupta Maurya who named Jharkhand as Kukkut in his
composition Arthashastra.
G
This region was known as Aatvi or Aatav during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya.
G
Chandragupta Maurya’s grandson Ashoka embraced Buddhism and spread the
Buddhist culture throughout India.
G
An Ashokan pillar is situated in Chati Gobindpur in Dhanbad district, gives
account about Mauryan expansion.
G
The rock cut architecture of the Mauryan era was developed by Ashoka.
G
Megasthenes has praised some of the features of Mauryan rule in his book ‘Indica’.
G
According to Arthashastra, the trade route of Magadha and Mauryan empire and
South India passes through the region of Jharkhand.
G
In Major Rock Edict XIII of Mauryan emperor Ashoka, this region was known by
the name of Aatvik tribe. After Mauryan dynasty Jharkhand was ruled by different
dynasties viz, Kushana dynasty, Gupta dynasty, Ganda dynasty etc.
Later Mauryan Period

Kushana Dynasty
G
Coins of Kushanas were found in Ranchi and Singhbhum districts. Kushana ruler
Kanishka appointed his own representative Mahakshtrapa Kharapallana and
Khstrapa Vanaspara in the region of Jharkhand.
G
Many Kushana coins have been found in Jharkhand. Three Kushana gold coins
with atleast one of Huvishka was found from Belwadaga village in Ranchi district.
G
In Chhota Nagpur region, 130 copper coins of Kushana period were found from
Kositanar in Hazaribagh districts.
Gupta Dynasty
G
The founder of this dynasty was Chandragupta I. In Jharkhand, the rule of Gupta
empire started with the rule of Samudragupta.
G
Samudragupta extended his empire to some parts of Jharkhand. Harisena, court
poet of Samudragupta described his bravery in Allahabad pillar in which he
described Jharkhand as ‘Murund’.
G
According to Hiuen Tsang, the ruler of Bengal of Gauda dynasty, Shashanka
extended his empire to Jharkhand.
Naga Dynasty
G
Nagvanshi in Chhota Nagpur region is one of the important rulers of Jharkhand.
The initial history of Nagvanshi is not authentic.
G
There are different stories about their orgin. J Reid in ‘Survey and Settlement
Operations in the District of Ranchi’ stated that the ancestors of the present
Maharaja of Chhota Nagpur established themselves as the chiefs of the Munda

tribes probably in the 10th century of the Christian era.
G
Phani Mukut Rai was the first Nagvanshi ruler who ruled Banta, Harjan, Badam,
Ramgarh, Gola, Topi, Palani, Mankeri, Baruta and Keonjhar. In his time, tribes
dominated the region but other Hindu castes began to increase e.g. Brahmin,
Rajput and other castes.
G
The Nagvanshi ruler took the help of the Panchet ruler and defeated the ruler of
Keonjhar. The fourth Nagvanshi ruler, Raja Pratap Rai transferred his capital from
Sutiambe to Chutia.
G
He invited all people to come and settler in the new capital. His capital was very
peaceful. The order of the capitals of Nagvanshi rulers was Sutiambe, Chutia,
Kokhara, Doisa, Palakot and Ratugarh.
G
Nagvanshi ruled over Chhota Nagpur plateau in India for about 2000 years, i.e.
this dynasty continued to medieval and modern period.
G
Some important rulers of this dynasty were Raja Madhu Singh, Raja Durjan Sal,
Raja Raghunath Shah, Maharaja Udai Pratap Nath Shah Dev and the last king
was Maharaja Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shah.
Pala Dynasty
G
The Pala Empire was in power during the 8th to 12th century CE.
G
Empire of Pala dynasty was centered on the present day Bengal-Bihar region. An
inscriptin of Mahendrapala has been found from Itkhori in Chatra district.
G
The Palas brought stability and prosperity in the Bengal region, which had been
going through a period of chaos and disorder since the death of Shashanka.
G
They practised the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism. Somapura
Mahavihara, built by Dharmapala is the largest Buddhist Vihara in India.
G
They created many temples and works of art and also supported the Universities
of Nalanda and Vikramashila. 72 ancient temple of Pala empire were found in
Maluti village in Jharkhand.
Rise of Local Dynasties in Jharkhand

Munda Kingdom
G
Rita or Risa was the first tribal leader of Munda. He selected Sutiya Pahan as the
ruler of Mundas who renamed the region of ‘Sutiya Nagkhand’.
G
Sutiya had divided his state into 7 gadhs and 21 parganas. These 7 gadhs were
Lohagadh (Lohardaga), Hazarigadh (Hazaribagh), Palungadh (Palamu) Mangadh
(Manbhum), Kesalgadh and Surgujgadh (Surguja).
G
Further, he divided these gadhs into 21 parganas which were Omdanda, Doisa,
Khukhra, Surguja, Jaspur, Gangpur, Porhat, Girga, Birua, Bonai, Korya, Lachra,
Birna, Sonpur, Belkhadr, Belsing, Tamad, Lohardih, Kharsing, Udaipur and
Changmangkar.
G
The state formed by Sutiya Pahan was spread over entire Jharkhand.
Man Dynasty
G
This dynasty was founded in Hazaribagh and Manbhum area. The reference of
this dynasty was found in the inscriptions found in Dudhpani in Hazaribagh.
G
Later this dynasty was divided into many small regions.
Rakshel Dynasty
G
Palamu was ruled by Rakshel dynasty. The Rakshels reached Palamu from
Rajasthan. They called themselves Rajput.
G
They annexed Surguja to their kindgom. Other tribes of Palamu were the
Kharwars, the Gonds, the Korwas, the Paharias and the Kisans.
G
The Kharwars established their supremacy. Pratap Dhawal was an important ruler
of this tribe.
G
The part of Palamu was under the control of the Rakshels who ruled till the 16th
century.
Singh Dynasty of Singhbhum

G
Singhbhum is known by the name of the Singh rulers of Porhat. The descendants
of the Singh dynasty claim that they had established their state even before the
entry of Ho tribe in Singhbhum.
G
According to Ho tribal people, Singhbhum is named after their god Singhbonga.
G
The founders of Singh dynasty came from Western India and occupied
Singhbhum around 8th century AD.
G
There are two branches of Singh dynasty, viz the first branch was founded by Kasi
Nath Singh and the second branch was founded by Darp Narayan Singh who
succeeded to the throne in 1205 AD. Some prominent rulers of the second branch
were Kashi Ram Singh, Jagannath Singh, etc.
G
After the death of Darp Narayan Singh, Yudhisthira became the ruler. He ruled
from 1262 AD to 1271 AD. The fourth ruler of this dynasty was Achyut Singh.
Dhal Dynasty
G
The Dhalbhum area of Singhbhum region was ruled by the Dhal kings. They were
probably washerman by caste. They used to offer human sacrifice.
G
Chintamani was the first king of Dhal dynasty. Rankini Devi was the family
goddess of Dhalbhum rulers.
Ramgarh State
G
It was founded by Baghdeo Singh in 1368 AD. Alongwith his brother he worked
with Naga Rulers. They left the service of Naga rulers and came to Karnpur. By
defeating the local ruler they established their control over the region.
G
They made Sisiya as their first capital. Later the capital was transferred to Urda,
then Badam and at the end to Ramgarh.
G
Raja Hemant Singh (1604-1661) made his capital from Urda to Badam. Later Raj
Dalel Singh transferred his capital from Badam to Ramgarh in 1670.
G
In 1772, Tej Singh of Singh Dynasty became the king of Ramgarh. He ruled from
a place called Ichak. In the beginning of 1880, Ramgarh state passed into the
hands of third dynasty. The first ruler of this dynasty was Raja Brahmadev Narayan
Singh. The capital was shifted to a place known as Padma which is about 22 km
from Hazaribagh. In 1937, Kamakhya Narayan conquered the throne of Ramgarh.
Khadagdiha State
G
This state was located in the North-East of Ramgarh state.
G
This state was established in the 15th century by Hansraj who defeated a ruler of
Bandwat caste and established his control over a 90 km long region in Hazaribagh.
Panchet State
G
It was the most powerful state of Western Jharkhand region. It was located in the
East Nagvanshi state. According to the prevalent legend, it was established by the
Son of King of Kashipur, Naresh Anit Lal.
G
He constructed the fort of Panchetgarh and accepted the tail of Kapila cow as the
state emblem.
Chero Dynasty
G
This dynasty was established by Bhagwat Rai by defeating the Rakshels in 16th
century AD.
G
The rulers of this dynasty ruled over the Palamu region. The famous ruler of this
dynasty was Raja Pratap Dhawal.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Ancient History of Jharkhand
QUESTIONS
1 The first reference of Jharkhand region is 10 Which district in Jharkhand is called as
found in storehouse of material belongs to the
(a) Mahabharata middle stone age
(b) Upanishad (a) Ranchi
(c) Aitareya Brahman (b) Hazaribagh
(d) None of the above (c) Palamu
(d) Dhanbad
2 Bodeya temple is situated in
(a) Hazaribagh (b) Ranchi 11 …… were much in use during the middle
(c) Palamu (d) Sonpur stone age in Jharkhand.
(a) Weapons made of bones
3 …… have been found in Singhbhum. (b) Earthenware pots
(a) Roman coins (c) Microliths
(b) Indo-Scythian coins (d) Stone tools
(c) Statues
(d) Tools and weapons 12 In ancient times, people living in the
Jharkhand area were termed as
4 In the Mahabharata, Jharkhand has been (a) Arkhandi (b) Pundarik
called (c) Asurs (d) Kakkatiyas
(a) Pundarik Desh
(b) Pashubhumi 13 The idol of Buddha has been excavated at
(c) Both (a) and (b) Katunga village. Katunga village is in
(d) None of the above which district?
(a) Gumla (b) Dhanbad
5 In ‘Bhagvat Purana’ Jharkhand has been (c) Ranchi (d) Palamu
termed as
(a) Pundarika Desh (b) Kikkat Pradesh 14 Murtiya village in Palamu is famous for
(c) Karkkhand (d) Arkkhand (a) Buddhist remains found during
excavation
6 In Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri Jharkhand is (b) It is a dwelling place of Anti-tribes
mentioned as (c) Bodeya temple
(a) Khokra (b) Kikkat Pradesh (d) Copper utensils were found there
(c) Kalind Desh (d) None of these
15 The Belwa dag village in Ranchi district
7 Copper utensils and tools of Early Stone is known to be part of
Age are found in [JPSC 2017] (a) Parasnath hill
(a) Bokaro and Devgarh (b) Centre of Jainism
(b) Dumka and Banda (c) Jehagarh
(c) Bundu and Dahigadha (d) Buddha Vihar
(d) Kairarbani and Bargunda
16 Aatvi tribe of Jharkhand was described in
8 Deep underground caves have been found in the rock inscription of
(a) Isko village (a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Dahigadha (b) Ashoka
(c) Dhorangi (c) Samudragupta
(d) None of the above (d) Singh Deo
9 Buddhist monastery which was referred by 17 Which of the following district of
Fa-Hien was found in Sitagarh mountain Jharkhand is major centre of Jain culture?
of (a) Ramgarh (b) Lohardaga
(a) Hazaribagh (b) Palamu (c) Garhwa (d) Giridih
(c) Koderma (d) None of these
18 Which of the following archeologist found 27 Dhalbhum area of Singbhum was ruled
worship places of Jains near Satbarwa? by the
(a) Colonel Dalton (a) Singh kings (b) Dhal kings
(b) Dr Virottam (c) Rakshel kings (d) None of these
(c) SN Sinha
(d) Dr BL Bisht 28 Ramgarh state was founded by
(a) Baghdeo Singh
19 Many Jain idols in Pakwira and near Kasai (b) Naradev Singh
rivers was found by (c) Chandra Dev Singh
(a) Colonel Dalton (b) Dr PC Majumdar (d) None of the above
(c) Dr BL Bhist (d) SN Sinha
29 Match the following.
20 Which tribe of Jharkhand region was the
List I List II
founder of Naga dynasty?
(a) Munda (b) Chero A. Asuras 1. Centre of Buddhism
(c) Bhumij (d) Kharwar B. Rigveda 2. Madhya Pradesh
21 The village Maluti in Jharkhand C. Dhanbad 3. ‘Linga’ worshippers
accommodating 72 ancient temples are D. Sanchi Stupa 4. Earliest Veda
edifices to the king of which dynasty?
Codes
(a) Shunga (b) Shashank
A B C D
(c) Pratihars (d) Pala
(a) 4 3 2 1 (b) 1 2 3 4
22 Man dynasty was flourished in (c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 1 2 4 3
(a) Dumka (b) Hazaribagh
30 Consider which of the following
(c) Manbhum (d) Both (b) and (c)
statements is false?
23 Which place was ruled by Rakshel dynasty in (a) Many inscriptions have been found
Jharkhand? from the 8th century BC in
(a) Palamu (b) Singhbhum Dudhpani, Hazaribagh.
(c) Koderma (d) Hazaribagh (b) The literary sources have been
divided into two parts i.e. religious
24 Name the important dynasty of Jharkhand literature and non-religious
region. literature
(a) Chero dynasty (c) Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri was written by
(b) Dhal Dynasty Jahangir.
(c) Rakshel dynasty (d) Chandragupta Maurya was born in
(d) All of these Lumbini.
25 There are …………… branches of Singh 31 Consider which of the following
dynasty of Singbhum. statements is true?
(a) Three (b) Two (a) Padmavat was written by Malik
(c) Four (d) Five Mohammad Jayasi.
26 The first branch of Singh Dynasty was (b) Non-religious literature includes
memorials, inscriptions and coins.
founded by
(c) Dalmi is on the banks of river
(a) Kasi Nath Singh
Kangsabati.
(b) Darp Narayan Singh
(c) Jagannath Singh (d) Bodeya temple in Ranchi holds an
(d) None of the above inscription from 1182 BC.
ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (a)
CHAPTER 2
MEDIEVAL HISTORY
OF JHARKHAND
The medieval history of Jharkhand comprises the rule of Delhi
Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. Several invasions took place during
the rule of Mughal Empire.
Before the advent of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Era in India, Jharkhand
was governed by many small Hindu kingdoms. The most prominent among them
were those in Palamu, Khokhra and Singhbhum. The Chhota Nagpur Plateau was
free from the possession of Delhi Sultanate. To the Muslims of Delhi Sultanate this
area of Chhota Nagpur Plateau was known as Jharkhand, this fact is clear from Abul
Fazl’s work ‘Akbarnama’ and ‘Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi’ of Shams i-Siraj Afif.
The Delhi Sultanate and Jharkhand

The Delhi Sultanate was a ruled over large parts of India for about 320 years. Five
dynasties i.e. The Mamluk or the Slave dynasty (1206–1290), the Khilji dynasty
(1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)
and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526) ruled over Delhi Sultanate. The rule of these
dynasties over Jharkhand is discussed below:
The Mamluk Dynasty and Jharkhand
G
Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a Turkish General of Muhammad Ghori ruled over Northern
part India and established the Mamluk dynasty in 1206 AD. During this period,
there were only three rulers in Jharkhand. They were Harikaran Rai (1206-1234),
Shivkaran Rai (1235-1276) and Benukaran Rai (1277-1299).
G
In 1206, Bakhtiyar Khilji attacked Nadia (Bengal) after passing through
Jharkhand. This attack took place during the reign of Qutb-ud-din Aibak whose
slave was Iltutmish.
G
The reign of Iltutmish and Balban didn’t have any impact an Jharkhand because
nagbanshi rulers of that time were very powerful.
The Khilji Dynasty
G
This dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Turko-Afghan origin which ruled large
parts of South Asia. It was founded by Jalal-ud-din Khalji. The most important
ruler Alauddin Khalji defended his empire against Mongol invasions. In 1310,
Alauddin Khalji’s commander-in-chief Cnnajju Malik invaded Chhota Nagpur.
The Tughlaq Dynasty

G
This dynasty started its rule in 1320, when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under
the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq or Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
G
In 1340, Muhammad bin Tughlaq sent his commander-in-chief Muhammad
Ibrahim Baya in Chai Champa area of Hazaribagh to combat thieves who were
plundering and looting royal treasure.
G
Firoz Shah Tughlaq ruled from 1351-1388. He captured the Satgaon area of
Hazaribagh with the ruler of Bengal, Ilyas Shah and made it as his temporary
capital.
G
Later, in 1372, he used this area when planning to attack Orissa. The successors of
Firoz Shah Tughlaq ruled from 1388-1414. During this time, Chhota Nagpur was
under the rule of Nagbanshi King Shivadasa Karan Rai. He established the
Hapamuni Mahamaya Temple in Ghaghara (Gumla) in 1401 AD.
The Sayyid Dynasty

This dynasty lasted for merely 37 years. During this time, Jharkhand was ruled by
the Nagbanshi King Udaykarna (1428-1457).
The Lodi Dynasty

G
It was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty.
G
During the reign of Sikander Lodi (1489-1517), the King of Sandhya attacked and
captured some areas of the Nagbanshi King in Jharkhand.
Mughal Empire in Jharkhand

At the time of Mughal Empire, Jharkhand was ruled by Rakshels of Palamu,
Nagvanshis of Chhota Nagpur and Singh dynasty of Singhbhum. During Mughal
period Jharkhand region was known as ‘Khukhra’ or Kukra. In ‘Ain-e-Akbari, this
region has been called ‘Kokra’ and ‘Khankarah.’
Jharkhand during Babur and Humayun Period

G
During the reign of Babur and Humayun, Jharkhand remained outside the rule of
Mughals. It became the place of shelter of Afghan nobles, who had protested
against the Mughal rule.
G
During this period, Chero dynasty defeated Rakshels and established new dynasty
in Palamu.
Jharkhand during Sher Shah Suri Period

G
Sher Shah Suri captured Rohtasgarh in 1538. By this time, the Chero community
had established themselves in this area. Sher Shah Suri was planning to capture
Humayun’s throne when he had to face attacks from the Cheros.
G
Sher Shah Suri sent two of his commanders Khawas Khan and Dariya Khan with
4000 horsemen against Maharath Chero.
Medieval History of Jharkhand 19
G
Khawas Khan attacked the Cheros and defeated them in 1538. Ahmad Yadgar in
‘Tarik-i-Shershah’ has mentioned about the campaign against the Cheros. In 1539,
Sher Shah Suri attacked on Humayun and defeated him in the battle of Chausa.
G
Humayun regained his kingdom in 1555 and died in 1556. The Chhota Nagpur
area was then ruled by King Vairisala from 1536- 1549. After him, his son
Durjansala acceded the throne, during the reign of Akbar.
Jharkhand during Akbar’s Period

G
Akbar was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India.
Akbar succeeded his father Humayun. During this time, the following clans were
ruling in Jharkhand:
— Nagvanshi in Kokra
— Chero dynasty in Palamu
— Singh dynasty in Singhbhum
— King of Ramgarh in Hazaribagh district
— King of Panchet in Dhanbad
G
At the time of Mughal invasion, the ruler of Nagbanshi was Madhu Singh who
did not accepted the possession of Mughals. Due to this, Akbar under the
leadership of his General Shahbaz Khan Kambu in 1585 attack Naga dynasty and
defeated them.
G
Akbar took the possession of all three dynasties that were Naga dynasty, Chero
dynasty and Singh dynasty.
G
During the time of Akbar, the Mughals were entered in Singhbhum region. At
that time the rulers of Singh dynasty in Porahat were Laxmi Narayan Singh,
Narpat Singh I, Kameshwar Singh and Ranjit Singh.
G
To capture Palamu under Chero dynasty, Akbar sent an army under the leadership
of Mansingh. During this time, the ruler of Chero dynasty was Ranpat Chero.
G
Mansingh defeated many small kings of Chhota Nagpur. Till 1589, Mansingh was
able to capture Palamu by defeating the Cheros.
G
In 1592, Mansingh also captured Porahat and defeated Ranjit Singh of Singh
dynasty. In 1605, Akbar died and the Chero dynasty became independent again.
G
The main reason for Akbar’s attraction towards Jharkhand was diamonds founded
in Koel river. He wanted to capture the area from where the diamond was found.
Jharkhand during the Jahangir’s Period

G
He was the fourth Mughal Emperor who was the eldest surviving son of Mughal
Emperor Akbar and was declared successor to his father from an early age. In terms
of Jharkhand, Jahangir’s rule is seen in primarily two ways:
(i) Mughal relations with the Chero community
(ii) Mughal relations with the Nagabanshi community
G
The Cheros of Palamu took advantage of the confusion created by the death of
Akbar. They reasserted their independence and drove out the Mughal army from
Palamu.
G
Two Chero kings who were rulers of Palamu have been mentioned in history as
Anant Rai and Sabhal Rai. Anant Rai had succeeded Bhagwat Rai and ruled for
31 years. He ruled during the early years of Jahangir’s reign, as mentioned by
Mirza Nathan.
G
In the second year of Jahangir’s reign, Afzal Khan, the son of Abu’l Fazl, was
appointed the Governor of Bihar.
G
In 1605, on ascending the throne of Mughal empire, Jahangir gave Mansingh’s
position to Afzal Khan. In 1611, he married Nur Jahan. In 1612, Jahangir made
Zafar Khan as the Subedar of Bengal. Jahangir ordered Zafar Khan to invade
Kokra as the area was known to be rich in diamonds.
G
Jahangir had ordered a campaign against Anant Rai but due to the sudden death of
Afzal khan in 1612, the campaign was suspended. After the death of Anant Rai,
Sabhal Rai became a powerful ruler of Palamu.
G
Jahangir ordered a Mughal campaign against Sabhal Rai and captured him. Sabhal
Rai was brought to Delhi as a prisoner and made to fight a tiger which resulted in
his death. It is clear from this that the Mughal-Chero relations were tensed during
Jahangir’s rule.
G
In 1615, Ibrahim Khan was made the Subedar by Jahangir. Ibrahim Khan invaded
Durjan Sal’s territories and finally Durjan Sal was defeated and arrested.
G
Chhota Nagpur (Kokra) was placed under the Mughal Empire. From Patna
Durjan Sal was sent to Gwalior fort as a prisoner and his confinement lasted for 12
years.
G
Durjan Sal was released from prison due to his expertise of identifying the quality
of diamonds.
G
In 1627, Durjan Sal returned to Jharkhand and gain the throne of Kokra.
Jharkhand during Shah Jahan’s Period

G
Shah Jahan was the fifth Mughal Emperor. He was the son of Emperor Jahangir.
Shah Jahan took throne in 1628. At that time, Mughals controlled a large part of
Jharkhand.
G
Mughals were interested in the Nagbanshi kingdom and Palamu. Durjan Sal knew
this and wanted to protect his kingdom. Hence, he transferred his capital from
Kokra to Doisa. Three sides of Doisa region were surrounded by lofty hills and the
fourth side surrounded by river Koel.
G
In Doisa, Durjan Sal constructed a beautiful palace called Navratangarh or
Doisagarh. It was surrounded by a trench filled with water so that the enemies
were not able to cross it. This palace is considered to be an excellent example of
architecture of this time.
G
Durjan Sal died in 1640. After Durjan Sal, Raghunath Shah ruled from 1640 to
1690. According to Tavernier, Shah Jahan had forced Raghunath Shah to pay
taxes to the Mughal Empire.
G
During Shah Jahan’s period, Sabhal Rai died and Pratap Rai became the Chero
ruler of Palamu. He was a powerful ruler but his reign was frequently disturbed by
Mughal invasions. Thus, Mughal relations with Cheros continued to be bitter.
Palamu was given out as Jagir to the Governor of Patna in 1632 in return for an
annual payment of ` 1,36,000.
G
Pratap Rai found it difficult to meet the demands and thereby withheld the
payment. When the matter was reported to Shah Jahan, he ordered an attack on
Pratap Rai. The Mughal army attacked Palamu and defeated Pratap Rai. He
surrendered and offered to compromise. Pratap Rai remained loyal to the Mughals
until 1647.
Jharkhand during the Aurangzeb’s Period

G
Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal Emperor and ruled over most of the Indian
subcontinent. When Aurangzeb ascended the throne, Raghunath Shah was the
ruler of Jharkhand. His capital was Doisa which had been established during the
time of Durjan Sal.
G
Raghunath Shah being a great patron of architecture established the Jagannath
Temple in Ranchi, Madan Mohan Temple (Radha Krishna Temple) in Bodeya
and Rama Sita Temple in Ranchi.
G
During the reign of Aurangzeb, there had been only one Mughal attack on
Jharkhand which has been described by the French traveller, Tavernier. The
second attack was by the Chero king of Palamu, Medini Rai, who destroyed
Navratangarh and captured the famous Nagpuri Gate and installed it in the new
Palamu Fort.
G
Medini Rai ruled from 1658-1674. Although, he was a powerful ruler, he accepted
the governance of the Mughal Empire. While Aurangzeb was fighting for the
throne, Medini Rai took advantage of the confusion prevailing among the
Mughals and stopped paying taxes.
G
On ascending the throne of Mughal Empire, Aurangzeb ordered Daud Khan, the
Governor of Bihar to attack on Palamu. On 5th May, 1660, Daud Khan captured
Palamu and later on the Kunda Fort. Chun Rai was the ruler of Kunda and was
murdered by his brother Surwar Rai for converting to Islam.
G
Aurangzeb ordered Medini Rai to accept Islam, pay the peshkash and retain his rule
over Palamu, but Medini Rai refused. Due to this, the Mughals attacked the
Cheros. Medini Rai fled into the jungle and took refuge in the Surguja kingdom.
G
According to Alamgirnama, Aurangzeb appointed Mankali Khan as the Faujdar of
Palamu in 1666. Later on, he was transferred and Palamu was put under the
charge of the Governor of Bihar. Due to this Medini Rai regained his lost
kingdom and ruled Palamu until 1674.
G
The reign of Medini Rai is considered as the golden period because he made
significant changes in the financial position of the kingdom.
G
He also promoted agriculture. Medini Rai’s rule ended in 1674 and was succeeded
by Rudra Rai, who ruled from 1674 to 1680. After him, Drik Pal ascended the
throne and ruled until 1697. Shabal Rai was the successor of Drik Pal, who ruled
till 1716 AD.
G
During Aurangzeb’s reign, Mughal rule was remained confined to the areas of
Palamu, Gumla, Ranchi, Latehar, Simdega and Lohardaga. Dhanbad and Purulia
remained outside the Mughal rule.
G
Hazaribagh consisted of five regions Kunda, Kendi, Kharagdiha, Ramgarh and
Chai Champa. Kunda was located to the South of Hunterganj block of Chatra
district, Kendi also existed in the Chatra district. Ramgarh was to the West of
Kendi and Chai Champa was to the East. Kharagdiha was a part of the old
Hazaribagh district.
G
Nagbanshi king, Raghunath Shah’s reign was the golden period for this
community but during this time, due to the wrong policies adopted by Aurangzeb,
the Mughal Empire had begun to weaken.
Post Mughal Period and Jharkhand

G
After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire started to decline. Ram
Shah was the ruler of Kokra region at that time. Yadhunath Shah (Nagvanshi
ruler) succeeded him in 1715 and became a powerful ruler. He offered a nazrana of
one lakh rupees to Surbuland Khan, subedar of Mughal Empire. Yadhunath shah
shift their capital from Doisa to Palkot.
G
Yadunath Shah died in 1724 and was succeeded by Shivnath Shah. Shivnath Shah
died in 1733 after which Udaynath Shah became the ruler.
G
After Udaynath Shah, his younger brother Shyam Sundar Nath Shah ascended the
throne but ruled only for a short period of five years.
G
During the time of Aurangzeb and later (1667-1724), Ramgarh was ruled by Dalel
Singh. Dalel Singh defeated Magar Khan, the ruler of Chai, and killed him in
1718. Chai remained in possession of Dalel Singh from 1718 to 1724. In 1719, he
helped Palamu ruler Ranjit Singh in capturing Tori Pargana of the Nagvanshi
rulers.
G
In 1724, Dalel Singh was defeated by Chai ruler and as a result the son of Magar
Khan, Ranbast Khan regained the lost territories. Dalel Singh died in 1732 and
was succeeded by Vishnu Singh.
G
In 1741 AD, the Marathas were able to establish their control over Jharkhand. It
was assumed that rulers of Surguja, Chhota Nagpur and Singhbhum started paying
tributes to them. The Maratha invasions had left deep impact on the social and
economic life of Palamu, Chhota Nagpur and Manbhum. Not only the Marathas,
the Britishers also entered in the Singhbhum region in 1767.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS
1 Harikaran Rai ruled the Jharkhand during 9 Who ruled the Chhota Nagpur area
the time of during Humayun’s reign?
(a) Mamluk dynasty (a) Sher Shah Suri
(b) Khilji dynasty (b) King Vairisala
(c) Tughlaq dynasty (c) King Medini Rai
(d) Sayyid dynasty (d) Pratap Rai
2 Name the commander-in-chief of Alauddin 10 King of Chhota Nagpur Durjan Sal was
khalji who invaded Chhota Nagpur. the son of
(a) Shivkaran Rai (b) Ahmed Khan (a) King Benukaransala
(c) Chhajju Malik (d) None of these (b) Vairisala
(c) Shivdasasala
3 Muhammad bin Tughlaq sent ……… to
(d) None of the above
combat thieves to the Hazaribagh area of Chai
Champa. 11 Which clan ruled Jharkhand during the
(a) Muhammad Ibrahim Baya Akbar’s reign?
(b) Colonel Dalton (a) Naga dynasty in Kokra
(c) Sher Shah Suri (b) Chero dynasty in Palamu
(d) Muhammad Baksh (c) Singh dynasty in Singhbhum
(d) All of the above
4 During whose reign satgoan was made
temporary capital? 12 At the time of Akbar in 1585 Mughal
(a) Ghazi Malik army attacked and captured Chhota
(b) Firoz Shah Tughlaq Nagpur under the rule of Nagvanshi
(c) Muhammad bin Tughlaq ruler Madhukaran Singh. Who was the
(d) None of the above captain of Mughal army? [JPSC 2017]
(a) Abul Faz’l (b) Ali Ajmi
5 During the time of ……… dynasty, (c) Shahbaz Khan (d) Khuda Baksh
Jharkhand was ruled by the Nagvanshi king
Udaykarna. 13 Emperor Jahangir ordered Zafar Khan
(a) Sayyid (b) Lodi to invade Kokra as the area was known
(c) Khilji (d) Mamluk to be rich in
(a) Gold (b) Diamond
6 In Mughal period Jharkhand was known as (c) Silver (d) Copper
[JPSC 2017]
(a) Kokra (b) Magadh 14 Durjan Sal the ruler of Jharkhand was
(c) Awadh (d) Jhadis released from prison due to his expertise
of diamonds by the Emperor
7 Sher Shah Suri sent which of his (a) Jahangir (b) Humayun
commander(s) to plunder and loot the King of (c) Sher Shah Suri (d) Akbar
Jharkhand?
(a) Khawas Khan Marwat 15 Navratangarh in Doisa was constructed
(b) Dariya khan by
(c) None of the above (a) Raghunath Shah (b) Durjan Sal
(d) All of the above (c) Zafar Khan (d) None of them
8 In 1539, Sher Shah Suri and Humayun came 16 Which ruler established the Jagannath
face-to-face for the battle near Temple in Ranchi? [JPSC 2010]
(a) Chai Champa (a) Anant Rai
(b) Chausa (b) Medini Rai
(c) Teliagarhi (c) Raghunath Shah
(d) Anchi (d) None of the above
17 During the reign of Aurangzeb, Raghunath II. Nagbanshi King Harikaran Rai
Shah the great architecture built many ruled from 1206 to 1234 during
temples, there are the Mamluk dynasty.
(a) Jagannath Temple in Ranchi III. Babur had to face opposition
(b) Madan Mohan Temple in Bodeya from Sher Shah Suri.
(c) Rama Sita Temple in Ranchi IV. Sher Shah Suri sent two of his
(d) All of the above commanders- Khawas Khan and
Dariya Khan with 4000 horsemen
18 Chero king…… destroyed Navratangarh and
to plunder and loot the King of
took away the famous ‘Nagpuri Gate’. Jharkhand.
(a) Daud Khan (b) Raghunath Shah
Which of the statements given above
(c) Medini Rai (d) Durjan Sal
are correct?
19 Which Chero king was ordered by Aurangzeb (a) I, II and IV (b) II, IV and III
to embrace Islam to retain his rule? (c) III and I (d) IV and II
(a) Surwar Rai (b) Medini Rai
(c) Chun Rai (d) None of these
25 Chronologically arrange the Mughal
rulers according to their rule in
20 Nagbanshis shifted their capital from Doisa Jharkhand.
to …… . I. Akbar II. Babur
(a) Palkot (b) Navratangarh III. Jahangir IV. Humayun
(c) Singhbhum (d) Delhi
Codes
21 During the time of Aurangzeb, Dalel Singh (a) I, II, III and IV
defeated Magar Khan, the ruler of (b) II, IV, I and III
(a) Ramgarh (b) Rajmahal
(c) III, II, IV and I
(c) Chai (d) Tori
(d) II, III, I and IV
22 In which year, Marathas establish their
26 Consider the following statements
control over Jharkhand?
related to clans who were ruling
(a) 1715 (b) 1741 (c) 1756 (d) 1744
Jharkhand during Akbar’s region.
23 Consider the following statements. I. Naga dynasty in Kokra
I. In the year 1206, Bakhtiyar Khalji II. Singh dynasty in Singbhum
attacked Nadiya via Jharkhand. III. King of Panchet in Dhanbad
II. The Lodi dynasty was founded by Which of the statements given above
Bahlul Khan Lodi. is/are correct?
III. In 1526, Ibrahim Lodi got killed at the (a) Only I (b) II and III
hands of Babur, in the battle of Panipat. (c) I and II (d) None of these
IV. During the time of Sayyid dynasty,
27 Match the following
Jharkhand was ruled by the
Nagbanshi King Udaykarna. Dynasty Place
Which of the statements given above are A. Nagbanshi 1. Palamu
correct?
(a) II, III and IV (b) I and III B. Singh 2. Chhota Nagpur
(c) II and III (d) None of these C. Rakshel 3. Singhbhum
24 Consider the following statements. Codes

A B C A B C
I. Nagbanshi King Shivadasa Karan Rai
(a) 2 3 1 (b) 3 2 1
established the Mahamaya Temple
(c) 2 1 3 (d) 1 2 3
in 1401.
ANSWERS
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (a)
CHAPTER 3
MODERN HISTORY
OF JHARKHAND
The colonisation of Jharkhand region by the British East India
company resulted in spontaneous resistance from the local
people. The modern history of Jharkhand include the advent of
British and the movements organised by the people to free the
region.
With the decline of Mughal Empire, the Maratha power rose-up in Jharkhand
region. This is the period when the British East India Company also kept their eyes
on the region. Among them, the most powerful and strategic was the British who
came India for trading purpose but gradually annexed many areas to create their own
territory, that was later known as the ‘British Empire.’
The Advent of the British in India and Jharkhand

The British rule did not establish directly in India. At first, they spread their trading
relations in most of the states of India and gradually established their role from one
region to another and finally in Jharkhand region. India had been an attractive
destination for foreign invaders since ancient times.
Arrival of the British in the Jharkhand State

On 12th August, 1765, the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II gave the Diwani of
Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company. Jharkhand (then was a part of
Bihar) was also came under the control of the British. British arrived in Jharkhand
in 1767 AD.
Causes of the British Advent in Jharkhand

The main causes of the British advent in Jharkhand were as follows
G
East India Company was afraid for its trade due to the opposition of Mir Qasim
and the Marathas in the Gangetic valley of Bihar and the Santhal Pargana.
G
The Company officers were often contravened by the Zamindars of South Bihar,
when the British forced to pay tribute, they took shelter in the forest areas of
Chhota Nagpur and Palamu.
G
The Marathas became the real threat to the company’s Western frontiers in Bihar.
This fact made the Chhota Nagpur and Palamu strategically very important for the
British. Thus, they tried to control the hills and forts of these two regions.
British Advent in Various Places of Jharkhand

British advent in various places of Jharkhand were as follows
British Advent in Rajmahal

G
Rajmahal was the capital of Shuja in the Mughal period. Dr Gabriel Boughton was
the representative of the British East India Company.
G
The company got the permission to monetise their coins in the royal mint until
1681, but in 1702, the Mughal-Company relations became so strained that the
Company officers were imprisoned in the fort by the Mughals.
G
In 1708, the same incident happened between the Company and Quli Khan. In
1763, Major Adams attacked on the territory of Nawab Mir Qasim and the
Company gained rule of Rajmahal area.
G
This is apparent that the possession of British rule over Rajmahal had been
completed before gaining the Diwani (Revenue Administration) of Bengal, Bihar
and Odisha.
British Advent in Singhbhum

After gaining the Diwani right in 1765, the British entered in Jharkhand through
Singhbhum. They had control over Midnapur area (West Bengal) in 1760. This
helped the British to occupy Singhbhum and its adjoining areas easily.
At that time Singhbhum had three parts
Dhalbhum
G
Ferguson was assigned for the expedition on Singhbhum in AD 1767. At first, he
conquered Jhargram.
G
Due to this expedition, the frightened rulers of Ramgarh, Silda and Jambani
accepted the British subordination. Then the Company forces marched to
Dhalbhum and defeated the ruler but the ruler of Dhalbhum burnt his fort before
leaving and it was captured by the British force in AD 1767.
G
The ruler of Dhalbhum sent to Midnapur and this battle ended with the accession
of Jagannath Dhal on the Dhalbhum throne with an agreement of repayment a
tribute of ` 5,500 per annum.
G
After sometime Jagannath Dhal denied to pay the tribute to the British and
enjoyed the status of independent ruler. Then the Company sent Lt Rook to teach
him a lesson but Jagannath Dhal escaped.
Modern History of Jharkhand 27
G
Lt Rook made his brother Nimu Dhal as the new king. Then Bhumij Revolt
started against the new king.
G
Jagannath Dhal continued to wage war against the Company. Later, the Company
declared him as the ruler of Dhalbhum in AD 1777 after the agreement on
increased tribute and not to entertain rebel forces.
Porhat
G
In 1720, the ruler of Porhat, Ghanshyam Singh was also provided an agreement to
pay a tribute in return for the safety and security of his territory.
G
The ruler of Porhat did this for his own benefits as he wanted to obtain the statue
of Pauri Devi from the Seraikela ruler.
G
He wanted to establish his supremacy over Seraikela and Kharsawan and he also
wanted to get rid of Hos suppression with the British assistance.
Kolhan
G
Kolhan was the centre of Ho tribe. The Hos were freedom loving and a warrior
class but exploited by the Singhbhum rulers who used them in their struggle
against their own rivals.
G
Due to the attack of Ho on Nagbanshi areas the trade route through Kolhan
became unsafe. The event brought attention of the British towards this area.
G
In AD 1820, the Company sent Major Rufsez with a strong force to the Ho area
to suppress them but he had to setback against the Hos when he tried to help the
Singhbhum ruler in the matter of collection of tax.
G
Then Col Richard came with a big army and after a month of battle, Hos accepted
the sovereignty of the British.
G
After few years, again Hos participated very actively in the Kol Rebellion of
1831-32. In 1836, the British force came to suppress the revolt and after 4 months
of battle, the Hos surrendered in February, 1837.
G
It was the first time when the Hos entered in the direct relation with the Company
with the same condition as were with the rulers of Porhat and Dhalbhum.
G
The rulers of Singhbhum accepted the supremacy of the British in AD 1890.
British Advent in Palamu

G
Captain Camac came to Palamu with his force in 1771. At that time the fort was
under the occupation of Chiranjit Rai and Jainath Singh. When Camac proceeded
to Palamu, they both managed to escape to Ramgarh and the fort was captured by
the British.
G
The Patna Council instructed Camac on 19th February, 1771 to take position on
Palamu and to declare Gopal Rai as the ruler on a condition of payment of revenue.
G
The Council was pleased with Camac’s success against Palamu and honoured and
rewarded him with the others who had assisted the British Army during the
expedition.
G
On 9th April, 1771, the Patna Council resolved to leave Palamu under the
management of Gopal Rai and Bhawani Singh, the Faujdar of Palamu.
G
In June 1771, Jainath Singh again started disturbances in Palamu and was
suppressed by Lt Mackenzie, Lt Keating and Lt. Camac. Finally, he was expelled
from Palamu and took shelter in Surguja.
G
By the mid of July 1771, the East India Company gained its authority over the
whole of Palamu.
British Advent in Chhota Nagpur

G
It is observed that to establish the authority over Chhota Nagpur was easy for the
British East India Company as compared to the other states.
G
The Nagbanshi ruler, Drip Nath Shah did not have friendly relation with Mukund
Singh who was the contemporary ruler of Ramgarh.
G
Mukund Singh carried on several expeditions into Nagvanshi territory on the
pretext of realising arrears of revenue.
G
Compelled by all these adverse conditions, the Nagvanshi ruler sent his lawyer to
meet Captain Camac, when he was camping at Jai Nagar in February, 1771. He had
supported Camac in his Palamu campaigns by extending supplies and other necessities.
G
The Nagbanshi ruler had also sent one of his subordinate chiefs, the Raja of Bundu
to help Camac.
G
Later Drip Nath Shah went personally to meet Camac at Satbarwa. He accepted
himself as a subject of the Company and agreed to pay revenue of ` 12,000 besides
giving help against the Marathas.
G
Drip Nath Shah made several requests to Camac to allow him to pay taxes directly
to the Company instead of through the ruler of Ramgarh.
G
The Patna Council accepted the proposal in August, 1771. Drip Nath Shah was
granted a Patta for 3 years from 1771 to 1773. The revenue was fixed at ` 36,000
payable in the treasury at Azimabad (Patna).
G
Wilkin Law came into existence in Chhota Nagpur in 1834. It was meant to
safeguard Adivasi lands and culture.
British Advent in Hazaribagh

G
There were many reasons of the British entry in Hazaribagh. These were :
– Ramgarh was a very important part of Hazaribagh. The ruler of Ramgarh, Raja
Mukund Singh had disputes with the Nagbanshi ruler.
– Ramgarh was facing internal disputes and discontentment.
– Hostile attitude of Ramgarh ruler towards the British rule.
– Raja Mukund Singh openly supported the Cheros in their struggle against the
British.
– Disputes with the neighbouring rulers.
Modern History of Jharkhand 29
G
Mukund Singh sent a messenger, Ramchandra Singh to the British with the offer
of friendship. Captain Camac accepted the offer and forwarded the same to the
Patna Council.
G
The Patna Council decided to impose annual revenue of ` 21,000 payable from
1772 and sent a Patta for 3 years (1772-75), but the ruler of Ramgarh felt that the
imposition was too heavy to bear. He wanted to pay the arrears and current
revenue in the form of cash and kind.
G
Camac refused to accept his proposal.
G
Mukund Singh did not sign the Patta and declared that he wanted to remain
independent. He also announced that the foreign domination was not tolerable.
G
The failure of agreement between the ruler of Ramgarh and British made the
British more hostile to the ruler of Ramgarh.
G
Camac decided to continue his policy of divide and rule. The Ramgarh ruler got in
touch with the Maratha ruler of Ratanpur.
G
The Marathas accepted the request and sent some of their Maratha warriors in
Jharkhand. This prompted the rulers of Tori and Kunda to fight against the
British. Meanwhile Tej Singh staked his claimed on the throne of Ramgarh on the
advice of Camac. Camac took some counter measures and invaded Kunda.
G
In AD 1772, a war broke out between Tej Singh and Mukund Singh. The rulers of
Palamu and Chhota Nagpur assisted Tej Singh by the instruction of the British.
Despite this, Tej Singh was defeated and he escaped to Nawada. Reacting to this,
the Patna Council ordered an attack on Ramgarh.
G
After making a lot of strategy, Camac sided with Chhota Nagpur and fought with
Tej Singh but Mukund Singh of Ramgarh could not fight and Ramgarh was
annexed to the British Empire.
G
In 1773, a new district of Ramgarh was created in which Ramgarh, Palamu and
Chhota Nagpur were included. Camac was put incharge of this new district.
British Advent in Manbhum

G
The credit to annex Manbhum in the British Empire is given to Major Ferguson.
Manbhum was very big region including Jharia, Katras, Parra, Balmundi,
Balrampur, Panchet, Raghunathpur, Amya Nagar, Jhaldha, Jaipur, Hesla,
Ichagarh, Barabhum and Chatra areas.
G
There were five big and powerful Zamindars namely Supur, Chatra, Manbhum,
Barabhum and Amya Nagar, which were almost independent.
G
When the British force enter there, under the command of Ferguson, they faced
strong resistance of the subjects.
G
Finally, British were able to deploy a small contingent of force in Manbhum and
fixed annual tribute.

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Jharkhand First in India and in World

State Bird: Asian Koel

State Flower: Palash

State Tree: Sal

Jharkhand has a unique geographical, demographic and historical composition. It

Sources of Ancient History of Jharkhand

Some Important Inscriptions found in Jharkhand

Narikhand and later by name Kankjol.

— In Bhagvata Purana, Jharkhand was known by the name Kikkat Pradesh.

— The region of Jharkhand is called as ‘Mund’ in Vishnu Purana and ‘Murund’ in

‘Kelo-Nasu-Fala-Na’ in his work ‘Si-Yu-Ki’.

Period of Ancient History

Middle Stone Age

New Stone Age

Vedic period is divided into two parts which are as follows:

Ancient History of Tribes of Chhota Nagpur

Later Mauryan Period

Maharaja of Chhota Nagpur established themselves as the chiefs of the Munda

Rise of Local Dynasties in Jharkhand

Singh Dynasty of Singhbhum

The Delhi Sultanate and Jharkhand

The Tughlaq Dynasty

The Sayyid Dynasty

The Lodi Dynasty

Mughal Empire in Jharkhand

Jharkhand during Babur and Humayun Period

Jharkhand during Sher Shah Suri Period

Jharkhand during Akbar’s Period

— Chero dynasty in Palamu

— Singh dynasty in Singhbhum

— King of Ramgarh in Hazaribagh district

— King of Panchet in Dhanbad

Jharkhand during the Jahangir’s Period

Jharkhand during Shah Jahan’s Period

Jharkhand during the Aurangzeb’s Period

Post Mughal Period and Jharkhand

24 Consider the following statements. Codes

The Advent of the British in India and Jharkhand

Arrival of the British in the Jharkhand State

Causes of the British Advent in Jharkhand

British Advent in Various Places of Jharkhand

British Advent in Rajmahal

British Advent in Singhbhum

British Advent in Palamu

British Advent in Chhota Nagpur

British Advent in Hazaribagh

British Advent in Manbhum

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