UNIT 1

1.State and prove additional theorem for 2 events

𝑘𝑥, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 1

2.A continuous random variable has the pdf 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { Find k.
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒.

𝑘𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 0
3. A continuous random variable has the pdf 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { Find k and Mean?
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒.
4. A single card is drawn from an ordinary deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card is
i) a king ii) Diamond iii) a red card
5. State Baye's rule.

LONG

1, Two marbles are drawn in succession from a box containing 10 red, 30 white, 20 blue and 15
orange marbles, with replacement being made after each draw. Find the probability that (i) Both
are white (ii) First is red and second is white
2. A businessman goes to hotels X,Y, Z, 20%, 50%, 30% of the time respectively. It is known
that 5%, 4%, 8% of the rooms in X, Y, Z, hotels have faulty plumbing’s. What is probability that
businessman’s room having faulty plumbing is assigned to hotel Z.

3. For the continuous probability function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 when 𝑥 ≥ 0, find (i) k (ii) mean
and (iii) variance

4. A Random variable X has Probability function

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X) K 3K 5K 7K 9K 11K 13K

Evaluate (i) K

(ii) 𝑃(𝑋 < 4),𝑃(3 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 6) (iii)Mean (iv) variance.

5. A random variable X has the following probability function .

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
p(x) 0 𝑘 2𝑘 2𝑘 3𝑘 k2 2k 2 7k 2
+k

a. Determine K b. Evaluate P(X<6), P(X≥ 6) P(0<X<5), and P(0≤X≤4)

c. Mean d . Varience .
UNIT II

1. A fair coin is tossed six times. Find the probability of getting four heads
2. A sample of 4 items is selected at random from a box containing 12 items of which 5 are
defective, find the expected number of defective items
3. Explain about Binomial distribution.
4. The mean and variance of a Binomial distribution are 4 and 4/3, then Solve P(X≥1).
5. The mean and variance of a Binomial distribution are 4 and 4/3, then find P(X≥1)

LONG

1. A hospital switch board receives an average of 4 emergency calls in a 10 minutes

interval. What is the probability that i) there are at most 2 emergency calls in a 10 minute
interval ii) there are exactly 3 emergency calls in a 10 minute interval.
2. Out of 800 families with 5 children each, how many would you expect to have i) 3 boys
ii) 5 girls iii) either 2 or 3 boys iv) at least one boy? Assume equal probabilities for boys
and girls.
3. Find mean and variance of Poisson distributions
4 .The probability that a man hitting a target is 1/3. If he fires 6 times, find the probability
that he fires i) at the most times ii) Exactly once iii) atleast 2 times.

5.If 2% of light bulbs are defective. Find i) At least one is defective ii) Exactly 7 are
defective. iii) P(1<x<8) in a sample of 100.

UNIT III

1. Define Central Limit theorem

2. Explain Type I error and Type II error
3. Find the value of the finite population Correction factor for n=10, N=100
4. The mean and standard deviation of a population are 11795 and 14054 respectively. If
n=50, find 95% confidence interval for the mean.
5. If X is a normal random variable, find the area to the right of z = -1.45.

LONG

1. In a Normal distribution, 7% of the item are under 35 and 89% are under 63. Find the mean
and standard deviation of the distribution.
2. If the masses of 300 students are normally distributed with mean 68 kgs and standard
deviation 3kgs, how many students have masses i) Greater than 72kg ii) Less than or equal to
64kg iii) between 65 and 71 kg inclusive.
3. Samples of size 2 are taken from the population 3,6,9,15,27 with replacement. Find a) The
mean of the population.
b) The standard deviation of the population.
c) The mean of the sampling distribution of means
d) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means
4. In a Normal distribution, 7% of the item are under 35 and 89% are under 63. Find the mean
and standard deviation of the distribution.
5, A population consists of five numbers 2,3,6,8, and 11. Consider all
possible samples of size two Which can be drawn with replacement from
this population. Find a) The mean of the population.
b) The standard deviation of the population.
c) The mean of the sampling distribution of means and
d) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means.

UNIT IV

1. The mean and standard deviation of a population are 11795 and 14054 respectively. If
n=50, find 95% confidence interval for the mean
2. What is the value of correction factor if n=5 and N=200
3. Explain about t-distribution
4. Write the formula for testing the hypothesis concerning "Two Means".
5. Write the formula for F-distribution.

LONG

1. In a city P, 20% of random sample of 900 school boys has a certain slight physical defect.
In another city Q, 18.5% of a random sample of 1600 school boys has same defect. Is the
difference between the proportions significant at 0.05 level of significance.
2a) A random sample of size 100 has a standard deviation of 5. What can you say about the
maximum error with 95% confidence.
b) The mean and the standard deviation of a population are 11795 and 14054 respectively. If
n=50, find 95% confidence interval for the mean.
3. The mean life of a sample of 10 electric bulbs was found to be 1456 hours with SD of 423
hours. A second sample of 17 bulbs chosen from a different batch showed a mean life of 1280
hours with SD of 398 hours. Is there a significant difference between the means of two batches?
4. Pumpkins were grown under two experimental conditions. Two random samples of 11 and 9
pumpkins, shows samples of S.D. of their weights are 0.8 and 0.5 respectively. Assuming that
weight distribution are normal. Test hypothesis that the two variances are equal.
5. An oceanographer wants to check whether the mean depth of the ocean in a
certain region is 57.4 fathoms, as had previously been recorded. What can he
conclude at the level of significance 𝛼 = 0.05,
if soundings taken at 40 random locations in the given region yielded a
mean of 59.1 fathoms with a standard deviation of 5.2 fathoms? Also
calculate 95 % confidence interval
UNIT V

1. Define Stochastic Matrix.

2. Define Transition Probability Matrix
0 0.2 𝑥
3. If the transition probability matrix is [ 𝑥 0.1 𝑦] . Find x, y and z.
0.1 0.2 𝑧
4. Define regular matrix and give an example which is a regular matrix.
5. Explain Markov chain with an example.
LONG

1. If the transition probability matrix market shares of three brands A,B and C
0.4 0.3 0.3
is[ 0.8 0.1 0.1]
0.35 0.25 0.4
and the initial market share are 50%, 25% and 25%. Find a)The market share in second and third
periods b) the limiting probabilities
2. a) Explain about Markov Process
b) Give 4 examples of stochastic processes
3. a) Explain Markov chain with an example.
b) Three boys A,B,C are throwing a ball to each other. A always throws the ball to B and B
always throws the ball to C but C is just as likely to throw the ball to B as to A. Show that the
process is Markovian
4. Define regular matrix and give an example which is a regular matrix

0.5 0.2 0.3

5. Find the equilibrium vector for the transition probability matrix [0.1 0.4 0.5]
0.2 0.2 0.6