DNV Software

Framework User Course

Wave induced fatigue analysis

Revised: May 21, 2010

Framework in Sesam Overview
Manager Brix Explorer for Sesam

ENVIRONMENTAL
Patran-Pre Prefem Wadam Waveship Installjac Postresp Xtract
general general wave loads wave loads launching presentation presentation
structures structures on general on ships of jackets of statistical & animation
PREPROCESSING

structures response of results

Preframe Presel Wajac Wasim Simo

frame super- wave loads 3D wave loads marine Framework
Framework Stofat

POSTPROCESSING
structures element on frame on vessels operations
assembly frame
frame shell/plate
structures
design
design fatigue
Submod
sub- SESAM INTERFACE FILE
modelling
Profast Cutres
Sestra Mimosa probabilistic presentation
fatigue and of sectional
STRUCTURAL

linear mooring
inspection results
ASSOCIATED

statics and analysis

Usfos
dynamics
Proban progressive
probabilistic Splice collapse Riflex Platework Concode
risk and structure- non-linear plate concrete
sensitivity pile-soil riser design design
interaction

INTEGRATED GeniE DeepC HydroD

PROGRAM conceptual modeller including: deep water mooring and riser environmental modeller including
PACKAGES Wajac, Sestra, Splice, Framework analysis including: Simo, Riflex Wadam, Wasim, Postresp

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 2

Contents of this lecture

Overview of fatigue analysis features interacting with Wajac and Sestra

Model requirements and hotspots for fatigue

Miner’s rule

Stress concentration factors (SCFs)

Input commands for fatigue analysis

Deterministic fatigue
- Principles
- Environmental data
- Material data

Stochastic fatigue
- Principles
- What to do prior to stochastic fatigue
- Environmental data

Fatigue analysis based on partial damage
Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 3
Overview of fatigue analysis features

Deterministic wave induced fatigue
- Deterministic wave analysis in Wajac
- Calculation of loads from waves stepped through the structure
- Static analysis in Sestra
- Calculation of structural response to wave loading
- Deterministic fatigue in Framework
- According to American Welding Society (AWS)

Stochastic (spectral) wave induced fatigue

- Frequency domain wave analysis in Wajac
- Calculation of load transfer functions
- Frequency domain quasi-static or dynamic analysis in Sestra
- Calculation of stress transfer functions
- Quasi-static only when frequency of load is lower than lowest eigenfrequency as it neglects
dynamic (inertia and damping) effects of structure
- Spectral (stochastic) fatigue analysis in Framework
- According to Vugts & Kinra

Wind fatigue (not covered herein)

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 4

Interaction with Wajac and Sestra
Framework

Wave fatigue Wind fatigue * Earthquake *

Wajac: Wajac:
• Wind loads • Added mass
Deterministic Stochastic
Sestra: Sestra:
Wajac: Wajac:
• Static • Static
• Deterministic • Frequency domain
• Eigenvalue • Eigenvalue
Sestra: • (Added mass)
• Static Sestra:
• Frequency domain
– Quasi-static
– Dynamic * Not herein

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 5

Model requirements

Only 2 node beams

All other elements neglected

Cross sections
- Pipe
- General

Other sections converted to general

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 6

Hotspots for fatigue

Results for 2 node beam elements are:
- Displacements z
- Forces and moments 7
4 10

Fatigue is based on stresses
y 1
- Forces/moments therefore need to 13 pipe
be converted to stresses
22 16

Stresses are computed in stress points
19
(hotspots) distributed over the sections
z

Fatigue analysis for selected hotspots
(filled in figure)
- 8 hotspots per weld side for tubes y general
- 4 hotspots per weld side for general
section

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 7

Miner’s rule

Fatigue failure if Σ ni /Ni > 1
- ni is number of cycles of stress range Si
- Ni is number of cycles of stress range Si that will result in failure

Miner’s rule gives a usage factor

Fatigue life = target fatigue life / usage factor

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 8

Application of Miner’s rule
Nominal stress: σ = Fx/A + My/Wy + Mz/Wz
Stress variation contributes to
fatigue, constant stress does not

Nominal stress from beam forces
and moments

S = Fx/A × SCFax +
My/Wy × SCFby +
Presence of joint increases
hotspot stress in hotspot, accounted for
Mz/Wz × SCFbz
n = number of cycles by stress concentration factors,
so-called SCFs, see next page

stress

Stress range Si for many waves
S1 S2
S3
S4

Ni cycles of stress range Si
log S involves failure (SN curve)
Si

Di = ni /Ni is partial damage
ni Ni log N
Accumulated damage = Σ Di
Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 9
Stress concentration factors – SCFs

3 SCFs for each hotspot
- Axial stress - SCFax
local beam - In-plane bending stress - SCFby
coordinate system - Out-of-plane bending stress - SCFbz
z x

Specify in program, use commands:
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS …
in-plane
axial force - Global SCFs where no other SCFs assigned
bending - Minimum SCFs when parametric formulae are used

- ASSIGN SCF JOINT …

- LOCAL / GLOBAL
- PARAMETRIC: Efthymiou, Lloyds, Kuang, Wordsworth
out-of-plane - ASSIGN SCF MEMBER …
bending - LOCAL / GLOBAL
- BUTT-WELD / CONE-TRANSITION (NORSOK formulae)

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 10

Quantities involved in Miner’s rule

Nominal stress ranges Fx/A, My/Wy and Mz/Wz
- Fx, My and Mz computed by Sestra

Stress concentration factors SCF
- Direct input to or computed by formulae in Framework

Number of cycles ni for each stress range Si
- Input to Framework

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 11

Input commands for fatigue analysis

ASSIGN data to the model and environment, e.g.:
- SCFs
- Long-term wave height distribution for deterministic fatigue
- Wave direction probability, wave statistics and wave spectrum for
stochastic fatigue
- SN curve to joints and members

CREATE new data, e.g.:
- New section or material
- SN curve (there is a library of SN curves also)
- Wave statistics (scatter diagram) and wave spreading function for
stochastic fatigue

DEFINE fatigue constants, e.g.:
- Target fatigue life and global SCFs

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 12

Principles of deterministic fatigue

Wajac
- Several wave directions
wave directions
- Several waves (any theory) for each
direction
- Each wave stepped through structure
(non-linear drag)
steps

Sestra
waves: theory + height + length
- Structural analysis
- Number of loads =
directions × waves × steps

Framework
stress H - Maximum stress difference for each
wave gives stress range
stress range: - Environmental data:
S = max. diff. Hi long term wave height distribution
determines number of cycles
log N
Ni

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 13

Deterministic fatigue: Environmental data
H

Assign wave height distribution to
H1
wave directions
Wave height
distribution for
Use command
H2 logarithmic ASSIGN INDIVIDUAL-WAVE
scaled N
wave-dir
H3
- LINEAR
H4
logN - PIECEWISE
N1 N2 N3 N4 Ntot - Number of waves n
H

Number of waves in time period,
H1 Wave height use command
distribution, DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS
points actually FATIGUE-EXPOSURE-TIME
given as input:
H2
ni = Ntot – Ni
H3
H4
N

n4 n3 n2 n1
Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 14
Fatigue analysis: Material data

SN curves describe material’s resistance to
fatigue
- User defined by command
CREATE SN-CURVE name …
log S - Plus library of SN curves
- Assign thickness correction to SN curves
N = S-m K (incorporated in some curves)

Assign to analysis by command

ASSIGN SN-CURVE …

Miner’s rule
log N - Partial damage: Di = ni /Ni
- Accumulated damage: D = Σ Di
Typical shape - Failure if D × f > 1
of SN curve where f is design (safety) factor
- NPD: f = 10
- API: f ≥ 2

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 15

Principles of stochastic fatigue

Wajac
- Several wave directions
- Several frequencies (linear harmonic
waves) for each direction
wave directions
- Linearisation of drag

1
Sestra
- Quasi-static or dynamic analysis
- Number of loads =
waves: harmonic, unit amplitude directions × wave frequencies
- Complex loads and complex results

Framework
- Each wave direction given probability
- Wave statistics defined and assigned to directions:
- Create scatter diagram – long term distribution of wave heights vs. zero up-crossing
- Assign wave spectrum to scatter diagram
- Create wave spreading function and assign to scatter diagram

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 16

To do prior to stochastic fatigue (1)
Modify model and do eigenvalue analysis

Structure modelling:
- No static loads may be defined
- Convert any equipment and appurtenance loads to masses
- Idealise piles by linear spring stiffness matrices

Compute added mass and mass of internal water using Wajac

Eigenvalue analysis using Sestra to determine eigenfrequencies

Examine mode shapes in Framework or Xtract: real or false?

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 17

Prior to stochastic fatigue (2)
Compute wave loads

Compute hydrodynamic loads using Wajac / Wadam
- Select wave frequencies based on
- Eigenfrequencies found
- Cancellation / attenuation of forces
- Environmental statistics
- Select method for linearisation of drag, see next page

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 18

Prior to stochastic fatigue (3)
Drag linearisation

Hydrodynamic drag [FD = ρ (D/2) Cd vn |vn|] in Wajac must be linearised

Two methods available:
- Wave height linearisation
- Based on steepness criterion (< 1/7)
- Based on qualified guessing
- Assumes loading applied up to wave crest through whole wave cycle
- Over-estimates drag for low wave heights
- Under-estimates drag for high wave heights
- Spectral linearisation
- Based on a design sea state (Hs, Tz)
- Selection should be reviewed after fatigue analysis
- Choice of method is important when dynamic effects are significant and when
drag becomes dominant

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 19

Prior to stochastic fatigue (4)
Base shear and overturning moment

While computing hydrodynamic loads

in Wajac store transfer functions for
base shear and overturning moments
on G1.SIF file
- Use Wajac command
OPTI, parameter OPT3=2

Postresp presents transfer functions,

use command
DISPLAY RESPONSE-VARIABLE …

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 20

Prior to stochastic fatigue (5)
Structural analysis in Sestra

Selection of analysis method
- Quasi-static (neglecting inertia and damping effects in the structure)
- Dynamic forced response by
- Modal Superposition
- Direct Frequency Response

Reduction methods for dynamic analysis

- Master-Slave
- Component Mode Synthesis

Selection of damping model for dynamic analysis

- Dashpots (only if Direct Frequency Response)
- Modal damping (only if Modal Superposition)
- Rayleigh damping (= proportional damping), see next page
- Structural damping

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 21

Prior to stochastic fatigue (6)
Rayleigh damping in structural analysis
ξ

Rayleigh damping coefficients in
ξi structural dynamic analysis:
ξ1 C = αM + βK
ω where:
ω1 ωi α = 2 ω1 ωi (ξi ω1 - ξ1 ωi) / ∆
β = 2 (ξ1 ω1 - ξi ωi) / ∆
and
response ∆ = (ω12 - ωi2)
typical damping
for a single
Select damping as fraction of critical
1.0 d.o.f. system for two selected frequencies
2% = 0.02
critical
ω/ωn
1.0

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 22

Stochastic fatigue: Environmental data (1)

Assign probabilities associated with
wave directions
- p(θ) must be given for all main wave
p(θ)
directions
- Zero probability involves omitting
corresponding direction

Use command
ASSIGN WAVE-DIRECTION-
PROBABILITY
wave-dir p

Sum of probabilities:
θ Σ p(θ) = 1.0
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 23

 Stochastic fatigue: Environmental data (2)

Wave statistical data – scatter diagram –
should be defined
Tz

May create several scatter diagrams
- P(Hs,Tz)
- Discretesised into < 200 cells
- Simplification of scatter diagram will reduce
computation time
- Use command
CREATE WAVE-STATISTICS
stat-name …
- Probability or occurrence
- Ochi-Hubble (includes spectrum)

Assign scatter diagram to wave directions

Hs - Use command
graphic illustration of a ASSIGN WAVE-STATISTICS
typical scatter diagram wave-dir stat-name

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 24

Stochastic fatigue: Environmental data (3)

Assign wave spectrum shape to
scatter diagram
- (Not for Ochi-Hubble scatter diagram)

H JONSWAP
Use command

ASSIGN WAVE-SPECTRUM-SHAPE
stat-name …
Pierson-Moskowitz - PIERSON-MOSKOWITZ
- JONSWAP
- GENERAL-GAMMA
- Different shapes may be assigned to
different parts of the scatter diagram

ω
ωp

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 25

Stochastic fatigue: Environmental data (4)

Create wave spreading function and
assign to scatter diagram

Use commands:
E(θ)
- CREATE
WAVE-SPREADING-FUNCTION
spread-name …
cos2θ - COSINE-POWERED
(analytical f(θ) = cos2θ)
- USER-DEFINED (discretesised)
- ASSIGN
WAVE-SPREADING-FUNCTION
stat-name spread-name …
- ALL
θ - PART …
+67.5
+22.5
-67.5

-22.5

+90
+45
-90

-45

θmain
Sum over function: Σ E(θ) = 1.0

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 26

Fatigue analysis based on partial damage

Prior to fatigue analysis partial damage may be set
- Manually by ASSIGN command, similarly to assigning SCFs
- This damage may have been determined by other analysis or by inspection
- Automatic
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS ACCUMULATE-FATIGUE-RUN
- Framework fatigue analysis may calculate initial damage for subsequent fatigue analysis
- Worst damage over position (all hotspots in section) applied to all hotspots
- This approach may be used for different phases:
- Transportation
- In-place

Can be combined with: ASSIGN WAVE-LOAD-FACTOR

- The stress ranges at each hotspot calculated for each individual wave is
multiplied with the load factor

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 27

Simplified fatigue based on static loads

On previous slides
- Wave induced deterministic fatigue
- Wave induced stochastic (spectral) fatigue
- These two approaches are based on loads from a number of waves
- The selected waves must represent the wave statistics

On following slides
- Simplified wave induced deterministic fatigue
- Based on stress representing maximum wave load
- Assuming a linear (logN) long term distribution of the stress range
- Cyclic load of constant amplitude, e.g. rotating machinery
- Number of cycles known
- This feature is described in the last paragraph of section 3.11 of the Framework
user manual

Framework - Fatigue overview May 21, 2010 Slide 28

Long term distribution of cyclic load

N cycles of
amplitude h1
Simplified wave induced fatigue

Example: Simple frame structure resting on a floater with
known extreme roll and pitch accelerations
- Roll and pitch assumed not to occur at the same time

Modelled in GeniE
- 2 rotational accelerations, each represented by two
load cases, a max and a min, to give stress ranges:
- Roll represented by two load cases:
- LC1 being max positive roll acceleration about X-axis
- LC2 being max negative roll acceleration about X-axis
- Pitch represented by two load cases:
- LC3 being max positive roll acceleration about Y-axis
- LC4 being max negative roll acceleration about Y-axis

Known extreme
accelerations

Framework - Fatigue overview May 21, 2010 Slide 30

Simplified wave induced fatigue, GeniE input
//Input for creating model for simplified deterministic wave Bm14 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,12.5 m), Point(4 m,6 m,18.75 m));
fatigue Bm15 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,18.75 m), Point(0 m,0 m,25 m));
//The model is resting on a floater with known extreme Bm16 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,25 m), Point(4 m,6 m,31.25 m));
motion represented by: Bm17 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,31.25 m), Point(0 m,0 m,37.5 m));
// - Roll represented by LC1 and LC2 Bm18 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,37.5 m), Point(4 m,6 m,43.75 m));
// - Pitch represented by LC3 and LC4 Bm19 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,43.75 m), Point(0 m,0 m,50 m));
//Units Bm20 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,0 m), Point(8 m,0 m,6.25 m));
GenieRules.Units.setInputUnit(Angle, "deg"); Bm21 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,6.25 m), Point(4 m,6 m,12.5 m));
//Sections Bm22 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,12.5 m), Point(8 m,0 m,18.75 m));
Sct1 = PipeSection(0.5 m, 0.009999999776 m); Bm23 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,18.75 m), Point(4 m,6 m,25 m));
Sct2 = PipeSection(0.3000000119 m, 0.009999999776 m); Bm24 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,25 m), Point(8 m,0 m,31.25 m));
//Materials Bm25 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,31.25 m), Point(4 m,6 m,37.5 m));
Mat1 = MaterialLinear(0 Pa, 7850 Kg/m^3, 2.100000031e+011 Bm26 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,37.5 m), Point(8 m,0 m,43.75 m));
Pa, 0.3000000119, 1.200000042e-005 delC^-1, 0 N*s/m); Bm27 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,43.75 m), Point(4 m,6 m,50 m));
//Beams //Supports
Mat1.setDefault(); Sp1 = SupportPoint(Point(0 m,0 m,0 m));
Sct1.setDefault(); Sp2 = SupportPoint(Point(8 m,0 m,0 m));
Bm01 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,0 m), Point(0 m,0 m,50 m)); Sp3 = SupportPoint(Point(4 m,6 m,0 m));
Bm02 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,0 m), Point(8 m,0 m,50 m)); //Loads
Bm03 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,0 m), Point(4 m,6 m,50 m)); LC1 = LoadCase();
Sct2.setDefault(); LC1.setRotationField(Point(0,0,0), Vector3d(1,0,0 ), 0, 0.5);
Bm04 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,0 m), Point(0 m,0 m,6.25 m)); LC2 = LoadCase();
Bm05 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,6.25 m), Point(8 m,0 m,12.5 m)); LC2.setRotationField(Point(0,0,0), Vector3d(1,0,0 ), 0, -0.5);
Bm06 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,12.5 m), Point(0 m,0 m,18.75 m)); LC3 = LoadCase();
Bm07 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,18.75 m), Point(8 m,0 m,25 m)); LC3.setRotationField(Point(0,0,0), Vector3d(0,1,0 ), 0, 0.5);
Bm08 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,25 m), Point(0 m,0 m,31.25 m)); LC4 = LoadCase();
Bm09 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,31.25 m), Point(8 m,0 m,37.5 m)); LC4.setRotationField(Point(0,0,0), Vector3d(0,1,0 ), 0, -0.5);
Bm10 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,37.5 m), Point(0 m,0 m,43.75 m)); // Create structure (FE) model and export
Bm11 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,43.75 m), Point(8 m,0 m,50 m)); GenieRules.Meshing.superElementType = 1;
Bm12 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,0 m), Point(4 m,6 m,6.25 m)); SimplifyTopology();
Bm13 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,6.25 m), Point(0 m,0 m,12.5 m)); CreateMesh();
FemExporter = ExportMeshFem();
FemExporter.DoExport("T1.FEM");

Framework - Fatigue overview May 21, 2010 Slide 31

Simplified wave induced fatigue, the S-file

Use the auxiliary program DetSfile to create S-file
- Found on Sesam Examples web page:
https://projects.dnv.com/sesam/examples/examples.html

Copy DetSfile.exe to folder with T1.FEM file and double-click it:

Then run static analysis in Sestra

Framework - Fatigue overview May 21, 2010 Slide 32
Simplified wave induced fatigue, Framework

Deterministic fatigue analysis in Framework

Framework input:
- SELECT FATIGUE-CHECK-TYPE DETERMINISTIC
- ASSIGN INDIVIDUAL-WAVE 10 LINEAR 1E7
- ASSIGN INDIVIDUAL-WAVE 20 LINEAR 1E7
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS AXIAL-GLOBAL-SCF 2
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS IN-PLANE-GLOBAL-SCF 2
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS OUT-OF-PLANE-GLOBAL 2
- RUN FATIGUE-CHECK DETFAT None ALL ALL

The directions 10 and 20 are dummy directions created by

DetSfile

In each direction the number of waves smaller than the extreme
waves (represented by LC1-LC2 and LC3-LC4) is 1E7

Framework - Fatigue overview May 21, 2010 Slide 33

Cyclic load fatigue

Example: Simple frame structure with a cyclic load Cyclic
load
- E.g. due to a rotating machinery

Modelled in GeniE
- Cyclic load represented by two load cases to give the
stress range:
- LC1 being max positive point load in X
- LC2 being max negative point load in X

Again use the auxiliary program DetSfile to create S-file

- This time the ‘number of load amplitudes’ is 1

Then run static analysis in Sestra

Framework - Fatigue overview May 21, 2010 Slide 34

Cyclic load fatigue, GeniE input
//Input for creating model for deterministic fatigue of Bm14 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,12.5 m), Point(4 m,6 m,18.75 m));
rotating machinery Bm15 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,18.75 m), Point(0 m,0 m,25 m));
//The model has a rotating machinery resting on top of one Bm16 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,25 m), Point(4 m,6 m,31.25 m));
of the three legs. Bm17 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,31.25 m), Point(0 m,0 m,37.5 m));
//The machinery causes an oscillating force represented by Bm18 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,37.5 m), Point(4 m,6 m,43.75 m));
LC1 (max negative) and LC2 (max positive) Bm19 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,43.75 m), Point(0 m,0 m,50 m));
//Units Bm20 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,0 m), Point(8 m,0 m,6.25 m));
GenieRules.Units.setInputUnit(Angle, "deg"); Bm21 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,6.25 m), Point(4 m,6 m,12.5 m));
//Sections Bm22 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,12.5 m), Point(8 m,0 m,18.75 m));
Sct1 = PipeSection(0.5 m, 0.009999999776 m); Bm23 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,18.75 m), Point(4 m,6 m,25 m));
Sct2 = PipeSection(0.3000000119 m, 0.009999999776 m); Bm24 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,25 m), Point(8 m,0 m,31.25 m));
//Materials Bm25 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,31.25 m), Point(4 m,6 m,37.5 m));
Mat1 = MaterialLinear(0 Pa, 7850 Kg/m^3, 2.100000031e+011 Bm26 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,37.5 m), Point(8 m,0 m,43.75 m));
Pa, 0.3000000119, 1.200000042e-005 delC^-1, 0 N*s/m); Bm27 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,43.75 m), Point(4 m,6 m,50 m));
//Beams //Supports
Mat1.setDefault(); Sp1 = SupportPoint(Point(0 m,0 m,0 m));
Sct1.setDefault(); Sp2 = SupportPoint(Point(8 m,0 m,0 m));
Bm01 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,0 m), Point(0 m,0 m,50 m)); Sp3 = SupportPoint(Point(4 m,6 m,0 m));
Bm02 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,0 m), Point(8 m,0 m,50 m)); //Loads
Bm03 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,0 m), Point(4 m,6 m,50 m)); LC1 = LoadCase();
Sct2.setDefault(); PLoad1 = PointLoad(LC1, Point(8 m,0 m,50 m), 5E5 N, 0 N, 0 N,
Bm04 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,0 m), Point(0 m,0 m,6.25 m)); 0 N*m, 0 N*m, 0 N*m);
Bm05 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,6.25 m), Point(8 m,0 m,12.5 m)); LC2 = LoadCase();
Bm06 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,12.5 m), Point(0 m,0 m,18.75 m)); PLoad2 = PointLoad(LC2, Point(8 m,0 m,50 m), -5E5 N, 0 N, 0 N,
Bm07 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,18.75 m), Point(8 m,0 m,25 m)); 0 N*m, 0 N*m, 0 N*m);
Bm08 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,25 m), Point(0 m,0 m,31.25 m)); // Create structure (FE) model and export
Bm09 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,31.25 m), Point(8 m,0 m,37.5 m)); GenieRules.Meshing.superElementType = 1;
Bm10 = Beam(Point(8 m,0 m,37.5 m), Point(0 m,0 m,43.75 m)); SimplifyTopology();
Bm11 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,43.75 m), Point(8 m,0 m,50 m)); CreateMesh();
Bm12 = Beam(Point(0 m,0 m,0 m), Point(4 m,6 m,6.25 m)); FemExporter = ExportMeshFem();
Bm13 = Beam(Point(4 m,6 m,6.25 m), Point(0 m,0 m,12.5 m)); FemExporter.DoExport("T1.FEM");

Framework - Fatigue overview May 21, 2010 Slide 35

Cyclic load fatigue, Framework

Deterministic fatigue analysis in Framework

Framework input:
- SELECT FATIGUE-CHECK-TYPE DETERMINISTIC
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS FATIGUE-EXPOSURE-TIME -2
- ASSIGN INDIVIDUAL-WAVE 10 LINEAR 1000
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS AXIAL-GLOBAL-SCF 2
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS IN-PLANE-GLOBAL-SCF 2
- DEFINE FATIGUE-CONSTANTS OUT-OF-PLANE-GLOBAL 2
- RUN FATIGUE-CHECK DETFAT None ALL ALL

Direction 10 is dummy direction created by DetSfile

Setting fatigue exposure time to -2 involves skipping long
term distribution of the stress range (as in the previous
case), i.e. the number of cycles is the exact number

The number of cycles is 1000

Framework - Fatigue overview May 21, 2010 Slide 36

Fatigue dump

Dump (print) of intermediate fatigue results for in-depth study

Use command:
DEFINE FATIGUE-DUMP …
prior to RUN FATIGUE

Switch on/off printing of:
- For deterministic fatigue:
- Hotspot stress range
- Damage per direction and per hotspot
- Stress range distribution
- For stochastic fatigue:
- Hotspot stress transfer function
- Moments of response spectrum
- Damage per seastate, per direction and per hotspot
- Exceedance probability
- Stress range distribution

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 37

Summary

Fatigue analysis is based on Miner’s rule

Two principally different fatigue analysis methods:
- Deterministic
- Stochastic (or spectral)

The two methods have their strengths and weaknesses

- Deterministic: More accurate wave loads (any wave theory and drag included)
- Stochastic: Structural dynamics and better coverage of environmental
conditions

Choice of methods influence model, wave loads, analysis

Proper stress concentration factors (SCFs) important

Many uncertain parameters in fatigue analysis, be critical

Framework - Wave induced fatigue May 21, 2010 Slide 38