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    RC4 Example

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    Amogh Moses
    The document summarizes a simplified example of the RC4 stream cipher that operates on 3-bit chunks. It initializes the state vector S and temporary vector T based on a 4x3-bit key. It then performs an initial permutation of S and generates a 3-bit stream k by swapping and indexing into S. Each 3-bit chunk of plaintext is XOR'd with k to produce the ciphertext. For the example plaintext of [1 2 2 2] and key [1 2 3 6], the ciphertext computed is [4 3 2 3].

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    RC4 Example

    Uploaded by

    Amogh Moses
    82 views3 pages
    The document summarizes a simplified example of the RC4 stream cipher that operates on 3-bit chunks. It initializes the state vector S and temporary vector T based on a 4x3-bit key. It then performs an initial permutation of S and generates a 3-bit stream k by swapping and indexing into S. Each 3-bit chunk of plaintext is XOR'd with k to produce the ciphertext. For the example plaintext of [1 2 2 2] and key [1 2 3 6], the ciphertext computed is [4 3 2 3].

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    Cryptographic algorithms

    Original Title

    RC4example

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    The document summarizes a simplified example of the RC4 stream cipher that operates on 3-bit chunks. It initializes the state vector S and temporary vector T based on a 4x3-bit key. It then performs an initial permutation of S and generates a 3-bit stream k by swapping and indexing into S. Each 3-bit chunk of plaintext is XOR'd with k to produce the ciphertext. For the example plaintext of [1 2 2 2] and key [1 2 3 6], the ciphertext computed is [4 3 2 3].

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    82 views3 pages

    RC4 Example

    Uploaded by

    Amogh Moses
    The document summarizes a simplified example of the RC4 stream cipher that operates on 3-bit chunks. It initializes the state vector S and temporary vector T based on a 4x3-bit key. It then performs an initial permutation of S and generates a 3-bit stream k by swapping and indexing into S. Each 3-bit chunk of plaintext is XOR'd with k to produce the ciphertext. For the example plaintext of [1 2 2 2] and key [1 2 3 6], the ciphertext computed is [4 3 2 3].

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    Simplified RC4 Example

    Example
    ==============================================================================
    Lets consider the stream cipher RC4, but instead of the full 256 bytes, we will use 8 x 3-bits. That
    is, the state vector S is 8 x 3-bits. We will operate on 3-bits of plaintext at a time since S can take
    the values 0 to 7, which can be represented as 3 bits.
    Assume we use a 4 x 3-bit key of K = [1 2 3 6]. And a plaintext P = [1 2 2 2]
    The first step is to generate the stream.
    Initialise the state vector S and temporary vector T. S is initialised so the S[i] = i, and T is
    initialised so it is the key K (repeated as necessary).
    S = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7]
    T = [1 2 3 6 1 2 3 6]
    Now perform the initial permutation on S.
    j = 0;
    for i = 0 to 7 do
    j = (j + S[i] + T[i]) mod 8
    Swap(S[i],S[j]);
    end
    For i = 0:
    j = (0 + 0 + 1) mod 8
    =1
    Swap(S[0],S[1]);
    S = [1 0 2 3 4 5 6 7]
    For i = 1:
    j=3
    Swap(S[1],S[3])
    S = [1 3 2 0 4 5 6 7];
    For i = 2:
    j=0
    Swap(S[2],S[0]);
    S = [2 3 1 0 4 5 6 7];
    For i = 3:
    j = 6;
    Swap(S[3],S[6])
    S = [2 3 1 6 4 5 0 7];
    Simplified RC4 6 Dec 2007 1
    SIIT CSS 322 – Security and Cryptography
    For i = 4:
    j=3
    Swap(S[4],S[3])
    S = [2 3 1 4 6 5 0 7];
    For i = 5:
    j=2
    Swap(S[5],S[2]);
    S = [2 3 5 4 6 1 0 7];
    For i = 6:
    j = 5;
    Swap(S[6],S[5])
    S = [2 3 5 4 6 0 1 7];
    For i = 7:
    j = 2;
    Swap(S[7],S[2])
    S = [2 3 7 4 6 0 1 5];
    Hence, our initial permutation of S = [2 3 7 4 6 0 1 5];
    Now we generate 3-bits at a time, k, that we XOR with each 3-bits of plaintext to produce the
    ciphertext. The 3-bits k is generated by:
    i, j = 0;
    while (true) {
    i = (i + 1) mod 8;
    j = (j + S[i]) mod 8;
    Swap (S[i], S[j]);
    t = (S[i] + S[j]) mod 8;
    k = S[t]; }
    The first iteration:
    S = [2 3 7 4 6 0 1 5]
    i = (0 + 1) mod 8 = 1
    j = (0 + S[1]) mod 8 = 3
    Swap(S[1],S[3])
    S = [2 4 7 3 6 0 1 5]
    t = (S[1] + S[3]) mod 8 = 7
    k = S[7] = 5
    Remember, P = [1 2 2 2]
    So our first 3-bits of ciphertext is obtained by: k XOR P
    5 XOR 1 = 101 XOR 001 = 100 = 4

    The second iteration:


    S = [2 4 7 3 6 0 1 5]
    i = (1 + 1 ) mod 8 = 2
    j = (3 + S[2]) mod 8 = 2
    Swap(S[2],S[2])
    S = [2 4 7 3 6 0 1 5]
    Simplified RC4 6 Dec 2007 2
    SIIT CSS 322 – Security and Cryptography
    t = (S[2] + S[2]) mod 8 = 6
    k = S[6] = 1
    Second 3-bits of ciphertext are:
    1 XOR 2 = 3

    The third iteration:


    S = [2 4 7 3 6 0 1 5]
    i = (2 + 1 ) mod 8 = 3
    j = (2 + S[3]) mod 8 = 5
    Swap(S[3],S[5])
    S = [2 4 7 0 6 3 1 5];
    t = (S[3] + S[5]) mod 8 = 3
    k = S[3] = 0
    Third 3-bits of ciphertext are:
    0 XOR 2 = 000 XOR 010 = 010 = 2

    The final iteration:


    S = [2 4 7 0 6 3 1 5]
    i = (1 + 3 ) mod 8 = 4
    j = (5 + S[4]) mod 8 = 3
    Swap(S[4],S[3])
    S = [2 4 7 6 0 3 1 5]
    t = (S[4] + S[3]) mod 8 = 6
    k = S[6] = 1
    Last 3-bits of ciphertext are:
    1 XOR 2 = 3
    So to encrypt the plaintext stream P = [1 2 2 2] with key K = [1 2 3 6] using our simplified RC4
    stream cipher we get C = [4 3 2 3].

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