Macrilan Education 4Ginan Steet London N19 ’ division of Springer Nature Limited Companies and represetatives throughout the wold Language Hub intermediate Workbook with Key SBN 978-1-38001717-8 Language Hub intermediate Workbook with Key + access to Alo I5BN 976-1-360017130 Tet, design and illustration © Springer Nature Limited 2019, Fst publehed 2019 ‘Alright reserved, No part ofthis putcation maybe tepreduced stored Inaretieval stem, or transmitted in any frm or by any means, letoni meckanical photocopying, recorcing, or oherwise, without the prorwrten petmsson ofthe publishers Designed by Si Technologies nda Pivate LTD based on orginal design byeme design td Cover design bated on original design by Resist Cover image by Getty mages! 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The Inclusion of ary spectic companies. commercial products, trade names otherwise does at constitute or imply is endorsement or recommendation by Springer Nature Limited Printed and bound in Spain 2003 2022 2021 2020 2019 woa76s432i(e410) @ present simple and present continuous subject and cbject questions > seeing and hearing: languages © schwa/a/ pronouncing questions D writes report about wends 7) felt @ present perfect simple and past simple present and past ability collocations: making big decisions dependent prepostons; problems and solutions © sn0've, word stress: veros with two syllables ® wie an informal emai (18-24) © rarrative tenses articles and quantifiers Q> collocaions travel information; souns ending in ion gradeble and ungradable adjectives @ word stess in nouns encing inion; sentence stress quantifies ite an email of complaint (925-31) © future forms; making predictions olications goals and resolutions prefives als, mis, over, re under © intonation fr atituse and mood; contraction of wil linking final consonant and frst vowel sounds > witea short essay | (p32-38), @ pasthabits and states: the passive employment sklls and qualites verbs of inluence @ iexonation and hythm: holding your tur; silent consonants © were a covering eter or ae application, | (39-45) @ modal ofobigaton; present perfect continuous; had to / needed to adectivesencing in-ive sport hobbies and fre time activities, © tiythi: pausing: beer weak form wate an article fr 8 magazine ! (46-52) g "modals of speculation and deduction; comparatves and superlatives the. the phrasal verbs adjectives o describe food; waste @ diphthongs word stress with modal; vowel + w @> nite reply in an oniine cscussion forum (93-59) © relative clauses 210 and fst conditional; conditional with medals and imperatives word families creatve thinking: postive adjectives relative dauses ‘Vand wont @- wre short biography of an innovative person © second conditional reported speech the arts verbal idioms reporting verbs (N01 81 20d J; using your voice to make a sory more interesting tea review (067-73) @ tric conditional shoutd have + past participle: hopes and wishes >sychology verbs; expressions with mind: eflexve verbs staying organised thir coneltional emphasis and reflexive pronouns tea report (074-80) (8-96) CONTENTS1.1 Communication GRAMMAR Present simple and present continuous ‘A Underline the correct options to complete the sentences. 1 How many languages do you speak / are you speaking? 2 | take / am taking the Number 36 bus to work every momning, 3. Misha learns /is learning Spanish atthe moment. 4. Ahmed seems /is seeming to like ving abroad for now. 5 {Took / am looking for my tablet. Have you seen it anywhere? 6 They become /are becoming increasingly depressed with the wet ritish weather. 7 Don't worry the flm doesn't contain isnt containing anything unsuitable for children. ‘8 Myhusband thinks ‘is thinking of buying ‘a smartphone. B Complete the table with the verbs in the box. believe belong bring complain cost get include know mean need own prefer relax seem show take understand want watch write Cer ean Complete the blog post with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. UPBNOB 1 1226p | 3comments What a weekwehadi|______ (relax) at home now because |? __ (need) a good rest. |? (have) avery busy fe but! * (ot thing its something to complain about | oer ~ (rave) all over the world for workand |® sel (love) that aspect of my job. Last week, we were in Russia. That's me in the picture, in St Petersburg. | eM (mile because it was a lovely sunny day. it usually (non) in February! ee | FE cammne | 4 sharePY Coynalialiaiiecieron VOCABULARY Seeing and hearing ‘A. Complete the sentences withthe correct frm ofthe verbs in the box. You will need to use some ofthe verbs more than once. hear listen look see sound watch 1 Ava \ he's been quite il 2 Doyou want to tothe podcast rock climbing? 3 Canyou that strange noise coming 4 Uedidnt the step in the hallway and ripped over it 5 cant talk now because my favourite comedy series 6 In today’s lesson, w' atthe use of -echnology for language learning, 7 Thatsong alot ike an old folksong iy father used to sing. 8 Does this dress {good on me! B Read each sentence. Circle the correct answer, 2, b orc 1 With her bright pinkhair you can always Sandra in a crowd. 8 observe » spot © Complete the following sentences so that they are true 2. Part ofhisjobis to peop 5 for you. gr0up situations 1 Lenjoy watching TVprogrammne) a spot eof po) bb recognise 2. Ivebeen told look quite tke (fa © observe member or celebrity 3 He edits his selfies so much that sometimes 3. really hate/love the sound of (noise, Goat hint 4 Ive been listening to 1 recognise podcast) lot lately. b observe 5. Im good at noticing when € spot . 4 Its very nude to at other people like that! @ notice PRONUNCIATION b stare Schwa /a/ A Underline three schwas in each sentence. «€ observe 5 Luckily, my teacher didn't when lative five minutes 1 We speak alot of English at home. for 2. The Spanish exarn was difficult, but I think | passed it «recognise 3. Idonttoften listen to podcasts b spot 4 Apphoto doesnt always show the ral you ee 5 I met up with an old fiend at the weekend. 6 That's me in the picture with my brother. Qs Listen. check your answers to Exercise A QC Listen again and repeat each sentence. COMMUNICATIONunication GRAMMAR Subject and object questions ‘A Correct the mistakes in each question. 1 What do you guys go out the other night? 2. Which do you want, an ice cream? 3 What Jack want to do for his bi iday next week? 4 How much dd she hav wait at the bank? 5 Who shoes are these? 6 How doesn't Laura come to the party with us? B Rewrite these sentences as questions. The underlined words are the answer to each question. 1 Kyoko speaks English with a strong Japanese accent. Whe speaks English with a strang Japanese accent? 2. Danny learnt Spanish at a school in Madhid 3 The language labs open fiom 10. am to 9 pm, 4 You can improve your English by watching English fil 5 Yes, we should ask the teacher what this word means. 6 Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer of modern English im studying modeon American literature this term, We speak Jamaican English at home, De aed © Complete the conversation with one to four words in leach space. Charley: Simone, ow 1 South africa? yy languages are spoken in Simone: Well officially there ate 1 languages. Charley: Wow, thats lot. * al of them? ee ee ‘one or two completely Charley: language is your native language? ‘Simone: | speak Southern Sesotho, which fs also called Sotho. Tis language is also commonly spoken in Lesotho, Charley: Ab, interesting for English speakers to learn? Simone: Yes it's dificult to lear, unfortunately. I's very different from English Charley: Oh, diferent? Simone: Well, there are 9 vowels and 35 consonants, and 3 ‘of the consonants are clicks, writen as x, cand q Charley: Oh, Ive heard about that. that sound? ‘Simone: You make it by clicking your tongue against your ‘mouth. It takes some practice to get used to it, but anyone can learn! Charley: Cool! fd tke to try that.” me how to do it sometime? Simone: Of course I teach you! But so interested Inlanguages? Charley: | suppose because | enjoy communicating in very different ways.1.2 Communication VOCABULARY Languages A Match the words (1-7 with he defntons 9. ee eee 3 fluently (peaking) comecth, without making ital tae 4 able to speak wo languages eines 1) aie piled naan a single meaning 6 monolingual € a group of words which, when used together, have a different meaning to the individual words 7 Idiom 19 (speaking) easly, without difficulty B Complete the sentences with the words from Exercise A. 1 When teachers want you to use a dictionary to find out the meaning of a word, they often use the Look itup! 2. His tongue wasnt literally tied: to‘have your tongue tled's ain) meaning that you have nothing to say 3 I cant speak Russian but can understand it when | hear i. 4 Many English speakers are because they dontt have a major need to learn another language 5 I cantellby her is from Argentina 6 you dont spell the words ___ you wl lose marks. aia (Canadians living in Quebec are o they can speak both Frenct _ that she's PCa ae PRONUNCIATION Pronouncing questions QA Listen tothe speakers and underline which question Se youheat 1 @ What do you lear in class? 'b What did you learn in class? 2. & What do you want for lunch? bb What did you want for lunch? 3a Howdo you like your lesson? 'b How did you like your lesson? 4 How do you know Marcus? bb How did you know Marcus? 5 4 Doyou want to use my phone? bb Did you want to use my phone’ B Practise saying the questions in Exercise A Q)< Listen again and check your pronunciation.* i e@orsaranllalectdelam READING ‘A PREDICT Whatare some possible answers to these questions? 1 Are there co are spoken? tries where more than ten languages 2 How many languages do you think it's possible for one learn? ;nguage make us more inteligent? B READ FOR GIST Read Secrets of the super language learners quickly to check your predictions. C READ FOR DETAIL Match the rhetorical questions with paragraphs 1-3 of the article, There are two rhetorical questions you do not need to use. a What are the benefits of speaking other languages? b Domonolinguals have better memories? ¢ How many languages sit possible for one person tolean? 4 Ate hypergiotscleverer than the rest of us? ‘¢ WhatS the record number of languages spoken? 8 COMMUNICATION Secrets of the RT Tg eee 1 Some European citizens may use two or three languages regularly, but the number of languages spoken in some African countries is incredible, Cameroon in Central Africa has an amazing 250! People who have learnt several languages through hearing them on a daily basis are known as multilinguals. A different type of learner altogether is the hhypergiot~ a person who has spent their entire life learning and perfecting dozens of different languages 2. This question is difficult to answer as some of the world’s most famous hypergiots lived many years ago. Emil Krebs, who was bom in 1867, spoke and wrote 68 languages fluently and also studied another 120 languages. In more recent times, Kenneth Hale, an American University teacher, probably holds the modern-day record with 50 languages spoken. What's more, he could pick up a new language with incredible speed and ‘was able to have a basic conversation. after just 15 minutes of listening toa native speaker. 3. Studies have shown that the brain activity of both muttiinguals and hyperglotsis very different from that of people who speak only one language. The act of learning a new language, lke any cognitive process, builds new neural pathways and actually increases the size of the brain. Other benefits include improved ability to focus and better memory. cognitive (a) ated to mental processes such 3¢ mero, easoring.etc ‘neural pathway (n) nerve cel that receive messages for yourbin ‘ck up(phrv) learn anew language without effort D REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. 1. Do you think learning many languages is a good idea? 2. Which new language(s) would you like to learn? Why?5.15 pm: In today’s TechHub, LISTENING QA PREDICT Look: the pictures and the magazine listing 2 and ice the best answer. Listen to the intoducton and check your answers. 1 Fim going to hear an advertisement fora seie camera /part ofa radio programme. 2. The recording willbe about selfle addiction /a new selfieapp. B LISTEN FOR GIST Listen to the full interview and answer, Ys the questions. 1 The purpose of meity is to «share your personal information bb create the perfect selfie, 2 Meitvis a the same as other similar apps, bb better and more advanced than other similar apps. Mee aarsnaect Waterss een eeeen enc Sauer, © LISTEN FOR DETAIL Are the sentences true (T) or 14 false (F)? Correct the false sentences. Then listen again and check your answers. 1 Meituisa new app. 2 tis only avallable in Asia 3. Metis for people who want to look perfect. 4. The user ends up looking like a different person. 5 The app ‘snow being used by aitport security companies. 6 Melts different because it has access to all your personal information D REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. 1 How important it to look good in selfies? 2 Are you worried about phone apps accessing your ppetsonal information? Whhy/Why not? presenter John Grimes examines theselie phenomenon. FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Asking for, offering and responding to help A Complete the conversation with one or two words in each space. Jess: Would you! me 3 hand with something? Matt: Id be happy * What’ the problem? Jess: lim trying to download meitu onto my phone. Its a Chinese phota-edtting app. Matt: Fist go to your settings and click on clear cache. OK. ve done that. Now you need to restart your phone, Do you want me? that? That * great fi mind, No problem. There you Jess: Thank youso much, B Circle the correct words to complete the conversation. Milo: Do you want a ‘hand /help with your project? Fiona: Hi Milo Yes, Icould use your hand /help. have to Photoshop this picture I drew in art Milo: Hmm. That isnt going to be *nice/easy because your computeris sow, Why dont you use my laptop? Fiona: Thanks, Milo. Youte a ‘myth /legend | owe you one! Actually, | need 3 *help /favour, too, My drawing is terrible. Can you help me to do it again? Fiona: Of course | can, COMMUNICATIONtiOM | Writea report about trends WRITING A Lookat the results ofa college survey and answer the questions. Where do you get your news? 1 Are these results surprising? Why/Why not? 2 Where do you and you" friends usually get your news? B ORGANISATION Match the sections (a-g) froma report about trends in news media with the paragraphs in which you think they will appear. Then read the report to check your ideas. a Where you got your information, b_ Asummary of the situation, The purpose of your report 4 Information about TV news, «© Information about redio news. {Information about print newspapers {Information about online news, Introduction: Paragraph | Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Conclusion ‘C Match the headings (a-f) to the paragraphs (1-3) in the report. There are three headings you do not need to use. a Nobody watches TV these days, Digitalis more popular than print. Where most students get the news. Newspapers are boring. Why television scores low, Online news tops the charts 10 COMMUNICATION r\ ' Statistics suggest that young people today are not particulaly interested in hard news We ‘conducted did a survey to see how true this is While our resuits might seem to confirm the statistics they do not give the whole picture. 1 Half of those surveyed got their news online. “Lots of them said /Many claimed that they did not have time to keep up with all the news and preferred to ‘ead brief summaries Ifthere was a big news story, they followed it in greater detail. ‘The surprisingly low figure for television newsis partly explained by the fact that fev of them have ‘televisions. This does not suogest ‘they dont like / alackofinterestin the news, The very low percentage of print newspaper ‘readers is ‘due tothe fact that /because most ‘newspapers have an online version. Those that got their news from the radio said that it was because they had the radio on rost ofthe time anyway. D USING FORMAL LANGUAGE Circle the more formal phrases to complete the report. WRITING PRACTICE ‘A PREPARE You are going to write a report about trends in the use of technology for education. © Choose two or three points to include in your report, These will be your main parearaphs. B WRITE Write your report in 150-200 words. Remember: © tosstart with an introduction stating the purpose of your report and where you got your Information. © to provide suitable headings for each paragraph, * tose formal language. © toend with a conclusion,2.1 Experiences | importantdecisions PRONUNCIATION B Underline the correct option to complete the sentences, 's and ‘ve 1 |stil/ yet havent visited Australia, but | will one day 2. My ffend has gone / went swimming with dolphins QA steno eight sentences, Complete the sentences with last eat. 31 amissing word or contraction. 3 Whereis the most memorable place you have ever 1 planted a tree been / ever went? 2 finished my work 4. ve still/just solved a dificult problem we had at work 7 ade any 5. Philipe has been / was here fo three months so far, “ started an online cours 6 ve just / never wanted to do anything daring, like s saved allot of money. climbing a mountain 6 dimbed a mountain. 7 Marta did / has done a parachute jump on her 7 started a new job, 30" birthday. 8 rmade our decision 4 ve been so busy that | havent answered that email already ' yet. B Practise saying the sentences in Exercise A C Complete the blog so that itis true for you. GRAMMAR (noes. Re Present perfect simple and Have you ever ...? past simple hen was younger two of my reams were A Complete the conversation withthe present perfect ae simple or passim form ofthe vers in brackets mately havent but have Alex: So, you ever See ae (make) a bucket ist? (hen) in Bex: Yes,|have.|* (ost) one about five years ago. But | (ho) atime. felt so (emotion). (not do} many ofthe things yet! Alex: How many you (do) so far? Bex: Only one, actually! On my last bithday, (do) aipatachute jump. That ful. So, only 99 more things to dol Alex: hs? (mate) a bucket list. My broe 2.1 Experiences VOCABULARY Collocations: making big decisions A. Complete the collocations withthe verbs in the box. lose make make put set stay take tum work the next step 1 2 a planinto action 3 a dream into reality 4 short-term and long-term goals 5 hear 6 the break 7 towards @ goal e motivated ° a decision Oe Se B Complete the sentences with the collocations from Exercise A. 1 Dont well get to the top of the mountain in the end, 2 Weave to find a way to stay ‘otherwise well never finish this project. 3 Making alist of your plans and ambitions is great in theory, but you wart achieve them unless you put those plans 4 Leaving home isa dificult decision, Anya, but really think you need to make and learn to be independent 5 Youcame first in the local talent contest, but are you ready to take and audition for the national contest? 6 Ihave to make ~ do I stayin this job or look for something better? 7. Giles is working towards of becoming a successful businessman, 8 Weall have a dream, but some of us manage to turn that dream 9 know what | want to achieve in the long term, but it's important to set along the way.2.2 Experiences SCT att VOCABULARY Dependent prepositions (verb / adjective + for/of) ‘A Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-8) with the endings (2-h). 1 This job would only a of oelto try tosolve the be suitable problem on his own, 2 Themanagement dont for an animal charity as a seem tobe aware volunteer. 3 Itwas typical © for someone who speaks Jopanese. 4 Niaz has asked for . @ foryour fist job 5 Sally isvery proud nie © InmyfistjobIworked of herset fr teaming 7 Itean be dificult to how to surf. peer permission to take the ‘Are you looking day off 9 of how big the problem hh foranew Job now? Complete the sentences with the collocations from Exercise A. 1 Anyone who takes up mountaineering should be the dangers involved, 2. Sandra was going to take her kids to see anew fantasy flm; luckily her sister wamed her that it wasn't children before she bought the tickets 3 Thedishes in the restaurant were very the region ~all the food was delicious! 4 Thomas spent all morning his keys, but he still couldnt find them, 5 Melissa's abig tech company In California, She absolutely loves it there, 6 Lara parents were so her when she graduated from university last year 7 The couple in the café thelrbil 8 Claire has been herfist ‘marathon forthe past she months. Problems and solutions © Complete the letter of advice with the correct form of the verbs in the box. ‘agree analyse cause come deal solve suggest Dear Carlo, In your letter you told me that you don't know how to! ______witha difficult situation at ‘work, Well, fist you need to think about what's 4 the problem. You say that ‘whenever you? ____ solutions for problems at work, your boss is very negative and just rejects them all, Have you tried * Lp with a variety of different solutions? Do you tryto look at all the different ways you can. ‘ ‘a work problem? Maybe your boss thinks that your ideas aren't flexible enough. ‘And finally, get together with your colleagues to ‘ ____ each issue as it occurs, Maybe if youwork together and? of action, your boss will be les ona plan PRONUNCIATION Word stress: verbs with two syllables 18 Putthe verbs in the box n the correct column achieve focus manage regret study suggest errr ey Bins errant) Ms B Listen to the verbs. Check your answers to Exercise A. Listen again. EXPERIENCES 13neces GRAMMAR Present and past ability AA Circle the correct option to complete the interview. Interview Today, my quest is 52-year-old Lydia Maleknia dia, you have completed two full marathons now, but you told me earlier that two years ago you ‘couldn / can't even run 200 metres hout getting tired! yd That’ right! | started running a couple of years ago to get fit and now Iam able to/ could run 26 miles in under four hours Interviewer: Amazing You also said that ‘motivation to train when you read about the difficulties other women marathon runners had faced in the past. found the Lydia: Yes, Idi. Kathrine Switzer, for example, is an inspirational athlete. She only ‘could / managed to.get a place in the 1967 Boston Marathon because the organisers dint realise she was woman, Interviewer: ‘Could she / Was she ableto finish the race? Lydia: Yes, she finished the race ~ and she proved that both women and men ‘are able to/ manage run marathons Interviewer: You also ‘managed to / could show your fiends and famity that itisrit only young people who %can/ could run marathons Lydia: Yes, that's right. My daughter wes so happy when | got a medal for the fastest time in my age group that she ‘didn't manage to// couldn't stop crying! SOC Oat 8 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the fist sentence, using the word given, Use between two and five words 1 Hows Kate able to work and look after her children? MANAGE iow: work and look afte her children? 2. Joe Batley kes the fact that he can work part-time at the café ABLE Joe Bartley enjoys the café part-time at 3. Callum didn't manage to da much preparation for the interview. Not Callum was very wel forthe interview 4 Helga’s low wage noney on clothes. ‘SPEND Helga’s ow wage means that she is not much money on clothes. weans that she can't spend muc 5. Were you able to speak French before you went to France: coun French before you went toFrance? 6 Wewerent ableto: bint ve the problem. we a solution to the problem, 7. Just think what it wo IMAGINE ld be tke to swim with dolphins! Canyou toswim with dolphins!2.3 Experiences — Walk on the Wild Side READING [A READ FORGIST Read Walkon the Wild Side quickly and Circle the correct option for each sentence. 1 Thearticle is about people who don't want smartphones / wanta simpler life 2 Dan Ushers aTV presenter / somebody who lives in remote place 3 According to Tessa her lifestyle for some people. le for everyone / B Read the article again, Match the words and phrases in ‘bold from the article (1-6) with thelr meanings (af) Underline the parts of the text which helped you understand the meanings. 1 offthe grid easy tofind or get to 2 therat race things you need to live 3 accessible © with no modem technology 4 supplies 4 fixing 5 maintaining fe change ideas or behaviour 6 adapt themselves 4 modem fe C READ FOR DETAIL Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? 1 Thep le on the TY show reject modem technology. They sometimes have to s re thelr homes with rats You cannot get to the island by helicopter Tessa and Jack had to transport al the things they would need They have to be good at fxing things, {6 Dan thinks the couple are good at solving problems, ere Isolation (nthe state of belng alone lighthouse (n) 2 tower bul ext tothe sea with 2 ashing Tight to warn ships of danger readings (n pl) measurements remote (af a2 rom other people or paces D REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. 1 How wo d you feel about living off the grid? 2 Would youtlke to live on Me atsuyker land? Why/Why not? For some people, the idea of being without their ‘smartphone for an hour is enough to send shivers ‘down their spine. But how about being without an internet connection, without electricity, without a car — completely off the grid? Who would willingly put themselves into euch a situation? The answor is ~ a growing number of men and women who want to leave behind the security of a nine-to-ive routine to explore the wild places of the Earth, Inthe new series of Walk on the Wild Side, Dan Usher travels tothe remotest corners of the Earth to mest some of the daring people who have left the rat race behind to find a way of fe whichis simpler and more satistying. In the first episode, Dan visited Maatsuyker Island, ‘Australia’s southernmost lighthouse station. Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service advertised for a couple to lve on the island for a period of sic months. ‘Accessible only by helicopter, a sixmonth stay ‘on the island means total isolation and very litle ‘communication with the outside world. However, this didnt daunt Tessa and Jack Litleton who made the decision to come and live here. ‘Although we have a landfine, it's often out of order and our only other means of communication is the ‘emergency radio, explains Jack. ‘Obviously there's 1 internet or email. At the beginning of our stay, ‘we had to bring all the supplies we would need for sic months — food, fuel, clothing and bedding! | asked Tessa what everyday lif is like. ‘Our jobs (nthe island include cutting the grass, taking ‘weather readings, maintaining the buildings and the lighthouse — things are often broken or damaged by the wind and rain. Itisnttfor everyone, but we lov the challenge’ Weather conditions on the island are ‘extreme with strong winds and frequent storms which often cause problems. ‘Atthe end of his visit to the island, presenter Dan told viewers, What was most interesting about these people was that they are able to deal with change (on a daily basis. They have an amazing ability to accept new situations and adapt themselves to ‘new surroundings? EXPERIENCES 15eo 2.4 Experiences LISTENING A PREDICT Lookat the picture and the caption. Tck (7) the things you think a guidance counsellor does. 1 anasessiuations 2 teachesstudents (O) 3 sohes problems 4 suggests soins CO) 5 deaiswith money) Da ae B LISTEN FOR THE MAIN IDEA Listen to an interview 23 with a guidance counsellor and check your ideas from Exercise A. Complete the job description with the words Inthe box. Come and talk to our guidance counsellor “anytnebewee anand Sp ‘adults dealing decisions pressure sche support FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Asking for, giving and refusing Children and young need guidance and 2 especially when it cames to 2 \with academic, personal, parental and social A guidance counsellor assists permission young people by listening to their concems and uses. Complete the conversation with the words and phrases in different techniques to help them to® the box. problems and make the right © ccanccall_ can we start flask (tke C LISTEN FOR DETAIL Listen again and complete the Imatraid Imsomy mustbe would it be 23 sentences (1-7) with one word in each space. The first letters have been given to help you. Tania: Hi. |s this the right place for the skydiving club? 1 The main focus of the interview is how Gareth helps Jamal: Yep! Let me see.You' Tania young people to make E | saw your name on the list of new members. ch d Tania: _Yes,that's me! But you me 2. Young people have to deal with f “Tan'—all my friends do. ft _ exams, as well as worrying about Jamal: OK, Tan. Well,'m going to need a few details from their career prospects Gareth asks young people to write down a Ll of advantages and disadvantages. you.lsit alight 3 you 2 few questions? No problem. What do you need to know? 4. Sometimes parents d Jamal: with your height? How tall are a with the choices thelr children you, Tan? are making Gareth believes that its important to set but | don't understand why you need to know that. + Jamal: It's for the safety equipment. Ineed to have your 9 and not ust to think about the ‘measurements so | can provide you with the near future, right kt. 6 Itcan be heloful to imagine that you are giving Tania: Oh, OK mone metre 70, a fea nen Jamal: Good - that fine. And, how old are you? 7 ItS possible to spend too much t and m7. e thinking about a difficult situation, {fatigue ()tedness Imaginary (ad) not real only exiting inthe mind D REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. 2 Have you ever spoken to a guidance counsellor? Would you like to? Do you think that Gareth’ suggestions for making decisions were helpful? Why/Why not? 6 EXPERIENCES Jam: Jami Tania: Jam: ‘Oh dear. Youre too young; our rues say that you have to be 18 tojoin the club. « OK to say fm 187 It ‘matter, does it? Just write down'18! 1 that srt possible. We take safety very seriously, Tania. to help, but at the end ofthe day Im responsible for you and the other club members. oul just have to ‘come back again next year. What a disappointment! Somry, Tania,yo eos 401-1 A or) WRITING [A Which of these sentences are you most likely to see in an, ‘email from a friend or family member? 1. [ook forward to hearing from you. 2 Amate of mines just got married 3. Yours faithfully 4 Youll never quess what happene: 5 Lotsoflove 6 Im wiiting in reply to your email on 7° July 7 HiMike 8 Know what | mean 9? B USING INFORMAL LANGUAGE Rewrite these sentences In informal language. 1 | apologise for not having written sooner, 2 lam fateful for the advice you gave me. 3. | hope this email finds you in good health, 4 Ididrit attend due to the fact that l was unwell 5 | haven't found suitable accommodation yet, © Read Heike's email to Adriana and circle the best answers 1 Heike rarely / regulary writes to her friend, Adriana, 2. Heike has some good / bad news. 2 Shes sure/ not sure about her plans forthe future 4 She thinks Adriana will not / wil be able help her D USING INFORMALLANGUAGE Find at least one ‘example of each of these in Heike's email. 1 Informal opening and closing expressions. 2. sentences with incomplete grammar 3. Informal punctuation 4 contractions 5 Informal words and phrases 6 anemoj WRITING PRACTICE A PREPARE You are going to write an informal email to friend teling him/her about some good news you've had. and asking for advice. Think about the answers to these questions and make notes. 1 Who are you writing to? 2 What's your good new 3 What advice do you need from your friend? B WRITE Write your email in 150-200 words. '* Use your notes and ideas from Exercise A ‘© Remember to use an informal writing style. To: Adriana Subject: Hard choice OG Hi Adriana, What's up? I's been a couple of weeks since | last wrote, but a lot of stuff’s been happening. Remember | told you ! was applying for jobs on fashion mags? | thought I'd made a mess of the interviews, but obviously not. Guess what? I've been accepted by two!!! Woo-hoo! Trouble is, though, | don't know which one to go for! They're both well-paid, but the one which pays best is in New York! The other one’s here in London. So what to do? I'll be far away from my friends and family if| go to the States, Plus, I'l have to find somewhere to live, make new friends ... I know its a great opportunity, but what do you think? It would be so coo! if we could chat about this in person. How about going for a coffee? It would really help me to talk it all through with you. Great new café has opened near me — it's called Bean There (\ike ‘coffee bean’ — get it? lol ©), Let me know if you can make it. Love to you & Dave & the baby, Heike EXPERIENCES.1 GRAMMAR Narrative tenses A Circle the correct answer, a,b orc On the move 1 |_ down the street when a bus passed by and splashed water all over mel a was walking walked had walked 2. Itwas a typical Monday morning commute; the tains were running late and everyone aboutit a complained b_ was complaining had complained 3. Elsa took her seat on the plane, but after ten minutes, the fight attendant a delay. a had announced b_ was announcing © announced 4 She turned round to pay the taxi drive but he _ off and was nowhere to be seen. a aleady drove had already driven, ¢wasalteady driving 5 Hamish saw a great travel deal online and it immediately, 2 was booking b_ had booked booked 6 Because Hank a cheap ticket, he couldnt change i without paying a penalty bought had bought © was buying 7. Although the weather was bad, it__ when the accident occurred. was raining » rained ¢ wasn't raining 8 She wanted to sit in the back by the window, but someone _ the seat already. had taken b took was taking Rewrite the verbs in bold inthe story using the correct forms of the past simple, past continuous or past perfect simple. 8 ONTHE MovE Briard aera Wks sar) While Louis 'drove __was driving __ to work one day, he noticed a bike lane on his street. He*didn’tsee itbefore, so he guessed that it was new. He mentioned it to his neighbours, but they said it ‘was ast there for months.'How did | not notice that?’ Louis wondered to himself He ‘had decided _ ___togive the new bike lane a try. So, the next day, he got. his bicycle out of the garage and ‘was leaving home half an hour early, to give himself more time to get to work. As he rode down the street, he had suddenly found —_______ that he was looking at his, neighbourhood in a completely new way. He thad seen the children, walking to school, the trees by the side of the road and his neighbours calling out greetings. He ‘was never noticing these things before because he usually took his car to work. Now commuting to work had become the best part of his working day! VOCABULARY Collocations: travel information ‘A Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-8) with the endings (a-h, 1 Be careful driving 2 rain, so drive slowly on the here; the road way to ReviS house 2 If leave during b light is red and | have to watt rush fori to tuin green to go! 3 Isthere an «hour, the motorways will underground bbe packed, 4 Lreally hate 4 buses because theres never ‘overcrowded anywhere to sit! 5 Wete ina terrible «¢ works up ahead, so well have traffic togobya diferent route. 6 Steven, the trafic sign says there are falling rocks, 7 The forecast is for 9¢ line that runs below this heavy building? 8 There are road bh jam—we havent moved for, 20 minutes!3.1 On the move | Tavelexperiences Nouns ending in -ion PRONUNCIATION B_ Rewrite the following verbs as a noun using -ion. Other Word stress in nouns ending in -ion spelling changes may be necessary. Q)A Listen to two speakers saying the same sentence Tick) Sy the speaker who pronounces the on word correct, + connect 2 decide 1 information 3 pollute spears (Z) Speakers) 4 act 2 reaction 5 react spears (CO) peter eee 3° decision Complete the blog post withthe nouns from Exercise ae) (a) b Some (2) 4. destination speaker ()_— Speaker Goodbye, car! 5 expression Hello, clean air! Spode mits (B) ie seameere *1 (3) "ve finally made the * to stop 6 situation using my car and start using public transport. Speakeré: [) —Speater8: (_) Well, we all know that there is a direct 2 between cars and air Practise saying the -ion words in Exercise A. But what was my inspiration for making this, choice? The * in my home city is particularly bad; the air quality is just terrible, One day, | noticed an ugly brown cloud hanging over the city and my 4 was one of disgust. And that was it ~| parked my car in the garage and that's where its going to stay. Now I use buses and | often walk short B distances. We simply can't have the expectation that our environment will improve if we ourselves do not take *the move GRAMMAR Articles and quantifiers ‘8 Complete the gaps with a/an, the or (no article) ‘ Bicycles Q© are better Eeameren ences without pollution. And, naturally, we also want 4 town or city where we live to be people-friendly and easy to get around. But, like all ® city-dwellers, we know there's i issue with transport. How do we get around without causing pollution? The city of *____ Helsinki is ® __ European capital which has always embraced bikes and cycling, ‘so why not here in” UK, too? Officials in British cities throughout the country need to Shaswotsan eases bicycles by creating more bike lanes and safe ‘spaces for cyclists. B Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 How fewr/ much / many luggage are we allowed to take on the plane? 2. There aren't much / enough / plenty trains during rush hour, so they'e often very crowded. 3. Ive got very enough / much / little money so | cant afford to buy a new car. 4 Thetes plenty of / little /too much time until the train leaves - letS.go and get some coffee. 5 Would you like very few / quite alot /a litle sugar in your tea? 6 The Kutsuplus service had enough /a lot of / too many advantages. 7. Few/Little/A few people use the local bus service and it'sin danger of being cancelled. 8 I can't hear you - there’ plenty of not enough / too ‘much notse in this train carriage! 20 ONTHE Move SCE Complete the sentences with one word in each space. 1 There was alot of traffic in the city centre today. 2 Weld better buy some petrol as we haven't got left 3 There arent seats for everyoody to sit down, 4 Theres chance of finding a taxi at this time of day. 5 ‘of pollution is created by private cars 6 Sadly few people in my town use bicycles as a means of transport PRONUNCIATION Sentence stress: quantifiers QA sen anc undetine the quantifies the speakers ses n each sentence. Alot of people were anary about the delay. There were a few trains operating on Sunday. Were there many people on the bus? There's too much traffic in the city centre. Have you got enough money forthe tickets? ‘Theres ite chance of leaving early today B Practise saying the sentences in Exercise A with the correct intonation.3.2 On the move VOCABULARY Gradable and ungradable adjectives [A Underline the correct answers to complete the letter to a newspaper Dear Sir/Madam, Yesterday's article on reducing traffic in towns. and cities was "really / completely interesting and | wanted to add my thoughts on the issue. Many of my friends find it “absolutely / a bit astonishing that | have never learnt to drive. | point out to them that as I live in a big city, itis completely / very easy to get around using public transport. ‘Some of them are “very furious / furious when observe that driving cars is Sextremely / a bit damaging to the environment and the number one cause of air pollution in our cities. | find it ‘very funny / very hilarious how people react to unpleasant truths. | look forward to more articles on this topic. Yours, Femi Oke. B Which adjectives collocate with very? Put atick (7) or across (N), 1 biiliant O 2 enormous =) 3 clever ( 4 imposible =O) 5 fithy S) 6 excellent Oo 7 ity Oo 8 lage Complete the sentences Exercise A or Exercise B. jing an adjective from 1 The exam was almost class got more than 3054 Noone in the 2. Stephen Hawking was considered to be one of the most physicists of his generation, 3 The skyscraper being builtin the city tres going to 4 My boss was accidently deleted some important fies. with me when | 5 Simon’ vanis ought to get 6 We knew the film would be funny, but twas Td definitely recommend seeing it. He really ONTHE MOVE 213.3 On the move | Reading READING A PREDICT Lookat the ttle ofthe article and the picture and answer the questions. 1 What do you think the aticle is going to be about? 2 Willthe tone of the article be positive or negative? 8 SKIM Read the article quickly, paying particular attention to the paragraph headings, Complete each paragraph with the missing topic sentences (3-e) ps the most important, but also the most expensive, innovation will be the insertion of thousands oftiny sensors into the surface of motorways and main roads, Smart road technology, including solar-powered road surfaces, wii communication and embedded sensors, will transform road transport as we know it «The term smart road covers a range of developing technologies which scientists believe will transform the future of road transport. 4 Modern roads have been in existence for more than a hundred years. While the electronic surface-to-vehicle system will help drivets,a different kind of technology is being developed to help the environment. C READ FOR DETAIL Read the article again. Circle the correct answer, a,b orc. 1 What has changed during st 100 years? 2 Only cars bb Only roads « Carsand roads 2. Theterm smart roads refers to 2 road safety applications. b arange of technologies. « the use of solar energy. 3 Using smart road technology, drivers will be able to «Ignore traffic lights, ’b communicate with each other «¢ make time-saving choices 4 The vehicles of the future will a work better in winter bb be powered by the road. © be made of glass. D REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. 1 What are the advantages of smart road technology? 2 When do you think this technology will exist in your country? ‘congestion (n) when a oad is crowded wth vehicles so thatitisficlt fr them to mave {ol fuel (n) fue such a peo, olor coal ‘relay (¥ to communicate formation sensor (n) an electronic device that eactsto changes such 2sthe amount ofheat or movement ON THE MOVE the transport Pte rep mu eu std What is the situation today? 1 _ The smooth, solid surface allows us to drive cars, trucks and coaches over short and long distances, connecting us to other people, cites and faraway places. Modern cars, with thelr incredibly powerful engines, GPS systems and fantastic safety ‘features, would be unrecognisable to the road user of a hundred years ago. However, the roads they drive on remain largely unchanged by time or technology. What are smart roads? 2. Some technological advances include the creation of road surfaces which will generate power using solar eneray, and wif ‘communication between vehicles and the road surface. Another ‘advance is the monitoring of road traffic in order to reduce ‘congestion and improve driving times and road safety. How can they improve traffic congestion? 3 The sensors will egister the number of cars passing over them. This information willbe relayed to the traffic control system which will change speed limits, trafic lights and. recommended routes, depending on the volume of traffic. ‘The information could also be sent directly to drivers who can choose to change their route in order to avoid delays. How can they help the environment? 4__ Solar panels embedded into glass road surfaces will power ‘electric cars as they drive along them. Alternatively, electric cars, ‘ean recharge their batteries while parked in solar-powered car ‘parks. In addition, the road surface will contain LED lights and toad markings as well as heating elements to melt snow and ice during the winter months. Glass renewable, environmentally friendly and as trong as traditional road surfaces. This technology will allow road transport to become independent Cf fossil fuels as vehicles will no longer be using petrol-driven engines. ‘What will the future bring? 5 __ These emerging technologies will save time and money for divers, leading to faster and more economic road transport. ‘They willimprove road safety, especially in poor weather conditions, and most important of all, they will contribute to slowing down climate change by reducing greenhouse gas ‘emissions from today's petrol-driven engines, Smart road technology may still be at an experimental stage, but it wor't be long before it becomes a part of our everyday lives.3 3.4 On the Move _ Listening: Functional Language LISTENING A Look at the pictures and answer the questions. 1 Are road accidents a problem in your country? 2 Do young people have more accident older drivers? 3 What could be done to improve the situation? B LISTEN FOR SIGNPOSTING LANGUAGE Listen toa talk about road safety. Tick (7) the phrases you hear the speaker use. 1 Fst, want to talk about 2 Now let turn to 3 Moving on, tl now discuss 4 Inaddition, 5 That'sall want 6 Inconclusion, 000000 LISTEN FOR DETAIL Listen again. Underline the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 Drivers who are over 40 are more /lessikely to die in acar accident, 2 Older / Younger drivers are better at seeing possible dangers on the road, 3 Young crivets want to live dangerously / gain more driving experience. 4 The speaker thinks that young people shouldn't be so confident /excited about their driving skills 5 Family members / Different groups of people must help young people to deal with problems. 6 The speaker believes that young adults should go. through a more dificult tes / different stages before gaining 3 full licence, 7 Young people should be encouraged to wait until they are older / learn to ridea bicycle before sitting their driving test. fatal (ad) which cases death hhazard(n) danger ‘tal period (n) period of tne during which you test somebody'sabites sl, ete vital (ad) very important, necessary or esse D REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. 1) Were your ideas about improving road safety similar to the speaker’? 2 Doyou agree with the speaker's possible solutions? WhyWhy not? FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Telling a story in five stages Complete the conversation with one word in each space. Camila: Matias: Camila: Matias: Camila: Matias: Camila: Matias: Camila: Matias: Camila: Youll never! what happened ‘to me when | was on that study course last week, What? ‘Well after clas, we could use the campus sporting facilities. On the Wednesday, | just had a really tough class, 0 Idecided to goto the swimming pool And? “There were some other kids from the programme at the pool .. mostly boys and just a couple of us girls. The funny was that |had just gone there to relax —| didrit have any other plan In mind, wel, | was just floating in the water, | noticed that the boys were organising a race amongst themselves So what did you do? Lined up atthe end of the pool along with the boys. One of them turned ta me and said, 'Youte a girl. Do you really want to race against us? You know youte going to lse'! just looked at him and didnt reply. Then somebody shouted Ready, Steady, Got'and we vere off So, what 1 Well this isthe part —| beat them all No way Youre 2 Nope. ve been doing swimming training since | was little you knows. In the © i the boy apologised for being so rude to me. Im still aughing about it now! ONTHE MOVE 23WRITING WRITING PRACTICE A ORGANISATION Look at the points (a~d) from an email [A PREPARE You are going to write an email of complaint (of complaint. Match the points with the main paragraphs about a problem you had while travelling. Choose one of in the email these topics to write about 2 the effects of the event Paragraph ‘© Atravel agency booked you into a ter the problems it has causes se hotel © Your train/plane was reroute a different destination, b the result you want -aregraph from your email © There was no transport to take you fiom the airport to your holiday destination. graph * The car you hited was badly maintained and broke down 4 the reason for writing yaph 8 PREPARE Think about the answers to these questions 8 Complete the email withthe adverbs inthe box. and make notes. efinitely extremely regularly 11 Whathappened? What are the key dates, events, etc? seriously totaly unnecessari a Y 2. What problems did this cause? 3. What result do you expect after waiting this email? Subject: Local buses (© WRITE Wiite your email in 150-200 words. Use your notes and ideas from Exerc Dear Sir or Madam, # Rememt to use adverbs to give emphasis to 11am writing to complain about the new bus ee eS timetable for the village of Uppington, as | am concerned about how this has affected the lives of villagers. Up unt two years ago, the bus came every half an hour. Now there is an hour and a half wait between buses. This is. 3 unacceptable. It has made life for those without their own transport difficult and | know of several people who have missed important appointments — for example, with the doctor — because of it. Hf, for example, you have a dentist appointment at 9.45, you must catch the 8.00 am bus because the next one is at 9.30 and you < risk missing the appointment. In addition, now there is only one bus at schoo! times and it is often packed with noisy students, with no room for older people to sit down. In short, we in the village * want to see a retum to the old timetable. Lope heat ies scan poets ss4.1 Change | Personalchanse GRAMMAR Future forms A Complete the sentences with the correct future form Using the prompts. 1 I/meet/Sarah at pm 2 We/have ateston Tuesday. 3. Petra says she /run own business one day. 4 ity hard to finish my studies ths year, 5 forgot tocall Danny —1/do itnon, 6 What /you/do tomoi 7 Carl willbe in town tomorrow because he/ buy 8 Ifyou don't ke the music, 1/ turn itdown, B Complete the conversations with the correct future form of the verbs in brackets. Ben: So, have you made any resolutions for this year? Tom: Justone.! (learn) todive Ben: Finally! Let me know when your lessons ar; B (mate sure) keep off the roads then! Tom: Very funny. What about you? You said you wanted to get fit. What about cycling to work? Yeah, but I don't have a bike. Tom: Noproblem, ve got a spare one. Pp lend) it to Ben: Oh wow! Thanks alot Can I pick t up next week? Tom: Yes but!“ tha my frst lesson on Monday, so wont be at home then, ‘Anna: Hi Claire! What are you doing with all those Italian books? (yous learn) Italian? 9: Yes, lami We! (oto Rome in the summer, ‘Anna: But you (notte) able to kam talian in six months! Claire: No, know. | just want to be able to speaka lntle of the language - that all ‘Anna: Oh, | see. Anyway, a few of us ate meeting up later. (ou do) anything tonight? Claire: No, fm fies ‘Anna: Great! ll phone you later and give you details Choose the correct option (a, bor) to complete the sentences. 1 an promised his teacher that he harder in class th a tity b ‘trying © ‘sgoingto 2 tothe party with us or with Liz? a willSarah come Is Sarah coming € Is Sarah going to come 3 We in he sea fit’ freezing, Well have to see how cold itis when we get there a won't swim aren't swimming € aten't going to swim 4 think a have the steak and chips please. b ‘mhaving ¢ ‘mgoing to have 5 William tomorrow afternoon, ‘a candidate for the job a ‘interview interviewing interviews CHANGE 25e 4.1 Change | Personaichange PRONUNCIATION VOCABULARY Intonation for attitude and mood Collocations: goals and @ A Listen to eight sentences. Circle the option that best resolutions OT ane eee A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the box. Use 1 help you ifyou want. happy tohelp/ teach verb once only interested a break cut keep make quit reach 2. Ate you going to go to that restaurant again? excited / bored : Sud ouiebana 5 Ineedto make some changes : aesoton 5 Realy?Youdosuseme— supried/sarasi : ccna 604 OK I undesand thevotlanoy ; son Fiat at yd ys al taco cob eee pares ® Mach necalocatonsin aes te cone B Practise saying the sentences in Exercise A using the d- stop doing something thats same intonation, good for you do what you promised isten again to check your intonation, Listen again to check your intonati set (yourself) a goal 2 3 4 achieve something 5 doless of something ‘ stick toa plan C Complete the sentences with one word in each space. Use words from Exercise A and B, 1 Youshould cut on eating chocolate and sweets. 2. Linda has finaly managed to inking coffee. 3 I'm determined to my resolution to pass my English exam by working extra hard, 4 Ifyour target Is not realistic, yout never it emade a to stop playing video games until finished my work. will never success ifyou dont try myself a goal - | want to be ready to run in marathon, to the original plan,GRAMMAR Making predictions AA Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 The council will/ fs going to knack down that old building because i's dangerous, 2. She may/'willtake ajob with a media company, but she asnit decided yet. 3 Im definitely / probably going to attend the cimate change conference — im one of the speakers! fe will might useless paper if all our bils electronically - that's much more environmentally friendly. 5 Ithink we need industry to survive, but compani ‘are going to could ty to pollute les, 6 You will probably / are going to make a huge difference Inthe world - just know it 7 They wontt/ might not come tonight ~it depends on how tied they are after work. 8 Danielle probably wil / will probably move out of the city if she can find a house she likes. 8 Complete the sentences with one word in each space. 1 They defintely support our programme; they plan to donate £1 milion! 2 She's towork with her neighbours to set up a community garden, am see you later tonight, but Il see how tired 1am when | get home 4 Lionel bbe here tonight; he called earlier to say he can't make. 5 Younever know, English wt always bbe a global language 6 My brother become arrich man if his latest business deal succeeds. 7 Youre going to get the job; | heard ‘he manager telling her assistant that shes chosen you. 8 Were going ya hybrid car just yet; our old one has still got some life init © Correct the mistakes in each sentence 1 Hannah probably will get the job, 2 It depends how busy Lisa and Alan are, but they definitely will come tonight, 3 The weather probably might be good this v 4. Mynneighbours could to at least try to keep the noise down a bit 5 The local football club wont defintely win the league this season, D Complete the predictions so that they are true for you. 1 This year definitely 2. Next month | definitely won't 3. Next year might 4 In five years, Il probably 5 Next weekend, | probably won!* CPG PRONUNCIATION ‘II: contraction of will QA steno fe sentences and nertine which phrase TE” younesr 1a Wework b Well work 2 a Imake b illmake 3a Itcost b keihcost 4a Youqut Youll quit 5 a Shelet b Shelliet Linking words: final consonant sound and first vowel sound QD ® ston and complete the sentences with amissing phrase. 1 You won't find a self-help book. 2 things can we do to help? 3 Ithink she 4 terrific plant 5 You vihat Im saying! Practise saying the sentences in Exercise B, Make the links between the final consonants and the first vowel sounds. 0 ussen again to check your pronunciation VOCABULARY Prefixes: dis-, mis-, over-, re-, under- A Circle the correct answer, 2, b orc. 1. Oh,| thought you said you were a lifestyle expert. Sorry, | __understood you. 2 over b dis © mis 2. I wanted to move to the countryside, but Ive had to think my plans. ae b over © mis 3 Icantt seem tofind my wallet;| must have placed it ae b dis ¢ mis 4 IFocean levels keep rising, many lowying islands will appear. @ over b dis cr 5 Thistown used to be ance place to live, but its become populated. under b over cr {6 Working as a teacher is quite difficult, and on top of that, youte generally paid. a over b ds © under 7 sit better to ix up an old building or knack t down, and —build it? are b ds © over 8 ifyou agree with your boss too often, you might find yourself out ofa job! a mis b over © dis 23 CHANGE Complete the text with the correct form of the words given in capitals, Urban areas. all over the world are ‘rethinking their city planning a5 a result of rising sea levels. Officials ust consider whether they should housing to better withstand the chenging environment fr erect high concrete walls. Of course, wealthier cities can manage climate change much better, Experts may 2_____over the best approach, but they are at least able to implement a solution when they come ‘up with one. Bangladesh, for example, is at sea level and its capital was already before thousands of ves refugees began arriving. Many came to the capital because they were already experiencing changes in the environment — leaving behind coastal towns that will probably have * ina few Yyears'time, Ultimately, it wil take a global effort to find a solution to climate change, particularly by policymakers who * . the problem and heavy polluters who don't even ‘want to admit there is one THINK BUILD AGREE POPULATE APPEAR UNDERSTAND‘experience of a group of teenagers in indian Summer School, broadcast on Channel 4 in three episodes. This documentary follows the progress of five working-class British boys who are preparing to resit their high school exams at the Doon School in India. Having failed their exame in the UK, they hope that the famous Indian boarding school with the world-class reputation will help them to improve their academic performance and achieve the grades which they need. ‘The Doon Schoo! in Uttarakhand is one of India’s finest, and most expensive, private boarding schools. Set in 70 acres of beautiful gardens and open spaces, the school was founded in 1935 by Satish Ranjan Das, a lawyer from Calcutta. The school has an exam pass rate of 100 per cent and a zero-tolerance approach to any kind of misbehaviour. Staff at the school encourage hard work, personal development and respect for others — there's no room here for somebody who is not prepared to accept the schoo's ethos. However, this communal philosophy is not one which the British boys are used to. On their arrival, they are expected to have their hair cut short and are required to hand over their ‘smartphones and tablets. Headmaster, Matthew Raggett, believes that up to 80 per cent of problems in the classroom are caused by the distractions of electronic devices. One of the boys, Ethan, refuses to have his hair cut and none of the boys are happy about having their smartphones taken from them. ‘As the show progresses, we see a clash of two cultures, as the British boys find it extremely hard to adhere to the strict ‘ules and traditional values of the Indian school. Ethan finds it difficult to socialise with the other pupils and often skips classes. Alfie and Jack do better and become interested in the Hindu religion, as well as working hard to contribute to class discussions and homework projects. ‘As viewers, we all want the boys to do well, but we are perhaps frustrated by their refusal to make an effort and gain from their experience. Will the boys manage to complete their six month course? Can they face up to the challenge? Will tis be a life-changing experience or another academic failure? Watch the full series to find out! READING A Lookat thettitle ofthe text and read the first paragraph. Answer the questions. 1 Isthisa magazine article a review or a letter to ‘newspaper? 2s itabout fictional or real people? 3 Which countries are mentioned? BREAD FOR DETAIL Read the rest of the review {and tick (V) the information which is mentioned, 1 the number of lessons 2. where the schoo! is 3 the people on the programme 4 when the school started 5 the idea of the TV show 6 the pups hobbies 7 the ize of the school campus 8 why the boys are there 000000000 9 what kind of progremme itis © SUMMARISE Which of the points you ticked in Exercise B should be included in ‘a summary? Why should the other points NOT be included? D SUMMARISE Complete the summary with a ‘word or phrase from the box. Beish boys deal wth the challenge documentary failed India InthisTV five 2 who have their exams are given a second chance when they take part in a study programme atthe world-famous Doon School in In this three-part Channel 4 series, we see how the boys ® nen they have to adapt toa very cferent way of ind leaming, E REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. } 1 Would you keto watch this documentary? | Why/Why not? } 2. How easy or dlificult do you think it would be to | adapt tolfe ina different country? boarding school) school at ash ()confct between aferen ethos (n) se of belts zero-tolerance approach (n phrase 2 system where no te: breaking of any kind accep CHANGE 20 usTEN FOR DETAIL Lsten and cicle the correct Te answer, a, Bore. 1 Many people 2 stick to their esoltions. b make resolutions but dont keep them. dont make good plans. 2 Youll succeed in changing youre you «a setyourse dificult chalenges b act quickly and decisively «€ set long-term goals | 3. Agood way of achieving your goal isto =n Se 2 beat sl steps bb make ist LISTENING «concentrate your atention 4 Why does Doctor Davos suggest taking photos? A What changes would you like to make in your life? y eel aves susan a Think about 1 Soyoucan admire your nal b So that you have a visual record of your progress « Becauseit will keep your hands busy 5 Keeping a diary can help you to 1 cut down on something. LISTEN FOR GIST You will hear Doctor Maria Davos, b feel more positive a psychologist, talking about how people can achieve their personal goals. Listen and tick /) the statements you think Doctor Davos would agree with, 6 Doctor Davos says we should a try to achieve several goals. bb achieve our goals one by one. « only ever make one change. © your health and fitness your work, career or studies. © your free time. € have more strength, a ItSeasy to achieve your goals b Changing your lfe takes time. € Setting smaller goals is more realistic than setting one big goal E REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions, 1. Are you good at achieving your goals? 2 Have you ever used any of the techniques which were suggested in the interview? People are happy when they can ‘measure the results of ther efforts ‘@ Everybody should aim to improve their cle. Geese 0c) Make changes one step at a time, FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Clarifying and asking for clarification ‘overdo do too mich do eve than poste ean (epelbela ir ia Complete the conversation with the words in the box. PARAPHRASING Read the sentences and circle the ach) einai ete ieee wit ‘answer, a or b, which has a similar meaning, Adele: Hi Hector Whats 2How’ your 1 She failed to stick to her resolution. first day at college * f 2 She made a resolution but cit keep Hector: Umm... ts OK but im having abit of touble b She didn't make a resolution. with the layout. 2 Youcan only achieve long-term goals fader niet a MIU Sony : ean Hector: With the layout... ofthe building, Adele: Youve? me 3. Trackyour progress by taking photos. Hector: Actually i's me that's lost!| mean Ian find my 18 Use photos to keep a visual record \way around. The college is really big and Ive been 'b Use photos to improve your appearance. late forall my classes because I cant find the rooms! 4 Lwant to cut down on sugarin my diet Adele: Oh, |sce.* ittome.tve gota a have too much sugar in my diet plan somewhere... of the college, Here you go. It shows the different rooms, the gym, the cafeteria That should be a help, Hector: Thanks Adele bb I don't have enough sugar in my diet. 30. CHANGEWrite a short essay 4.5 Change Win a chance to see the future @ Roboworld! WRITING A Read the advert for a competition above. Would you like to visit Roboworld? Why/Why not? B ORGANISATION Read a competition essay entry. Put the paragraphs (a-d) in the correct order, ‘4 Secondly, belleve that in the future, people will demand more fee time to develop their personal Interests, and so we will want machines ta do more work. Robots will take over all the housework as we will be busy with more useful and creative tasks, b To sum up, itis probable that robots wil playa bigger part in our lives in the future. Consequently, we must decice how we will deal with those changes if robots are there to do everything for us. ¢ One way in which they will be useful isin helping older people. Because people are living longer, the population has more elderly people, and asa result they need more care and practical help. The robots of the future will do household chores as well as keeping their‘owners' company with chat and entertainment. In addition, they will be able to call for help in an emergency. 4 _Wealready havea lot of machines in our homes which could be classed as robots, for example, washing machines and dishwashers. | believe that because of advances in robotics, we will soon have walking. talking ‘machines which wil ive and work in our homes. Read the essay again and answer the questions. 1 What sort of machines in the home can be considered as robots? 2 What isthe consequence of people living longer? 3 Why will humans want machines to do even more household chores? Enter our competition and win a guided tour of our laboratories where we design and build robots for top science-fiction films and for use in the real world. Here, science fiction becomes science fact! Robotics has already changed our lives in many ways and will continue to do so. We want to know how you think robots will change everyday life in the home over the next 50 years. Write a short essay describing two changes you think robots will make to our home lives. Explain why you think these changes will happen and any consequences they may have. The winning entries will be published in this magazine and on our website roboworld.com. D USING LINKING WORDS Complete the sentences with the words and phrases in bold from Exercise B. In three sentences, more than one answer is possible. 1 Robots will do all the household chores, we will have more free time, 2 Weall have more free time allthe gadgets we have in our homes. 3 Almost every home now has a washing machine; we no longer waste time washing clothes by hand. 4 There was an increase in unemployment more and more machines were used. 5 Older people will need more care people are living longer and longer. 66 Some elderly people do not have access to the intemet and they cannot benefit fiom modern technology. WRITING PRACTICE A PREPARE You are going to write an essay about what effect robots and machines will have on work and jobs in the future, Think about the answers to these questions and make notes 11 What effect have recent developments in technology had on people's jobs? 2. How will technology affect work and jobs in the future? Think of two ideas, 3 What ae the reasons for these possible changes? 4 What consequences do you think these developments will have? B WRITE Write your essay in 150-200 words. © Use your notes and ideas from Exercise A ‘+ Remember to use linking words to describe reasons. and consequences. CHANGEVork and bu VOCABULARY Employment skills and qualities 'A Complete the text with the words and phrases in the box. ‘communication sis creative people pressure reliable teamwork time management Ie interviewed hundreds of people over the years. So, what do I look out for when fm employing new staff? Well firsty, tm looking for people who can get their ideas across to others effectively; in other words, people who have good __.Of course, to be able to do this, they also need to come up with. ‘good ideas and that means having? thinking skills as well, ‘Anyone with both of these qualities will probably work well with others and be good at? which is very important. Of course all companies want their employees to have * skills not nly with colleagues, but with clients, too, Finally if people arent! orarent able to work wellunder’__, then they dont make good emplayees Tobe good at iss much a skill as anything ese. Verbs of influence B Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. 1 | was pleased that the manager let me to use my digital technology sil 2. Did you encourage him looking fora new job? 3. She’ tired because her boss made she come to work at 7 am today! 4 ur company allows us work from home one day aweek '5- She persuaded them that they cancel the meeting at the last minute {6 Mrs Carter told to me to improve my time management skil 7. Ladvised my colleague for speaking to our manager about the problem, 8 MirJones doesn't want that | give the presentation today WORK AND BUSINESS. C Choose the correct verb for each sentence. 1. My patents used to let / allow me to stay up late at the weekend 2. Supporters are supposed to encourage / persuade their team not boo them, 3 Noone's making / wanting Jonathan quit college. It’s his decision, 4 You really need to stop advising / telling me what to do! 5. Natasha’ sister sometimes lets / allows her borrow her clothes, 6 Bill couldnt be persuaded / encouraged to come to the party 7. Harty’ friend Charlotte wants / makes him to teach her how to speakEnglish, 8 advise / tell you to set off quite ealy as the traffic can be tentbe. PRONUNCIATION Intonation and rhythm: holding your turn Q A Listen to eight sentences. Tick (7) the sentences where the speaker makes words longer or uses rising intonation to show they want to continue speaking, 1 [think that my people skils are excellent 2. In the end, l realised that it wasnt the job | wanted. 3 left because | was overworked and Uuncerpaid, 4 Job satisfaction makes ernployees more productive 5 The perks in my last job were really great 66 Itwasn’t just the pay that attracted me tothe job, 7. My work doesn't offer enough challenges. Cele eee 8 You cant imagine what kind of people work there O B Practise saying the sentences in Exercise A using rising Intonation to show that you want to continue speaking. Practise saying the sentences from Exercise A Using falling intonation to show that you have finished speaking5.1 Work and business GRAMMAR Past habits and states ‘A. Complete the article with used to or would and the correct form of the verbs in brackets. n some sentences, more than one answer's possible. Itt (be) very difficult for women in Britain to get good jobs and be financially independent. Very few women ? (work) in professions such as medicine or law. For one thing, they * a profession It was even harder for working-class women. My grandmother * (work) in a Lancashire factory until she got married. She 5 (leave) the house at dawn and return late in the evening. The workers B (rarelyiget) holidays, except for once a year, when the factories all closed down for a week. Then, everyone? (board) the train to Blackpool to spend a few days by the sea. B Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar ‘meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Write between two and five words. 1 Were youa careers advisor? bea careers advisor? (use) 2. We didnt go on holiday when I was young, We {90 on holiday when | was young, (never) 3. She enjoyed their trips to the seaside as a child. She thelr trips to the seaside as child. used) SOY Pe CAG Ye (not have) access to a university education in order to be able to train for The whole team used to meet to discuss the day's business, The whole team day’ business (would) to discuss the Darren didnt have good communication skills back then, Darren skills. fo) {good communication Sonja worked at a holiday resort when she we fen, Sonja ata holiday resort when she was a student. (work) NY eV» 5.2 Work and business GRAMMAR The passive ‘A Complete the sentences about the company Aethaer with the correct passive form of the verbs in the box. notprove ofter/buy order sell setup train 1. The project, he read an article about bottled al 2. Since the company started, 200 jars to-customers in China byDe Watts after 3 Thejars of air as gifts for ‘wealthy customers fends, 4 Jars of Aethaer can online. 5. Right now, new ai-gricultural workers to-collect and bottle the product. 6 Sofar the health benefits of Aethaer’ by scientists B Rewrite these sentences using the passive. 1 Someone burgled Christopher's house lastnight. 2. Some people can learn the correct technique. 3 Someone has stolen the necklace. 4 Usain Bolt broke the 100-metre record. 5 Theartist' assistant had completed the painting, C Rewrite these passive sentences so they are active, 1. The alarm had been set off by Sheila, 2. The building was designed by Zaha Hadid 3. The championship was held in Russia, 4 The Oscar for best film was won by Moonlight. 5. Communities are being destroyed by the government's policies. 21 WORK AND BUSINESS tery D Complete the extracts from a business magazine with the active or passive form of the verbs in brackets, He sells Seawater This year, a Scottish businessman _____ (start) selling his country’s cheapest natural resource ~ seawater. The water? (collect) from the clear northem seas, and then ee (use) in restaurants for ooking, Since the New Year, 20 orders (receive) from all over Europe. Plastic Revolution in Ghana Plastic rubbish is a serious problem, but now, in Ghana, litter ® eee (turn into) handbags. The process is simple. Plastic water containers © ae (pick up) from the streets. After they - (clean), they (can/mate) into the The rock millionaire Gaty Dahl. the inventor ofthe Pet Rock, ____ (die) recently aged 78. He (un) his Pet Rock business for one year in 1975 andhe"__(make) $1 million. The small rocks and stones i ______ (take) from Mexican beaches, and they® (sell) as novelty aifts.ud VOCABULARY Business collocations [A Match words 1-5 toa-e to make collocations, 1 launch 2 aproft ann b abusiness PRONUNCIATION Bs Siece Silent consonants 4 bulld 4 acampaign ‘A Underline the silent consonants in each sentence. 5 attract new customers 11 Who launched this campaign to protect the B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the environment? collocations from Exercise A 2. We should talk on Wednesday. 1 Alot of people dream of theirown 2 The sign on the door said knack, so! did, but there was but they dont realise hovr hard itis no answer to setone up, 4 can'teat a whole sandwich — do you want half? ee comity i ust rete 5 He written a lot but | doubt that he knows everything more people aware of our products. 6 We listened for an hour but his foreign accent made 2. Some people are only in business to make money fast ei but important to provide quality so that your satisfied EES Gi GYR 7 When they gave the design prize, itwent to the ssi thence wrong person Sos fees eo Ee carey oon anit # Tobe honest day that psycholgy woul nt be J subject for you. with spending power. .good subject for you 5 We lost money in the fist two years of running the @ = Listen to the sentences from Exercise A and check company, butlim happy to say we havejuststartedto —3.2__youranswers. Practise saying the words and the sentences. WORK AND BUSINESS 55-3 Work and business | Reading READING A Read the first paragraph of the text and underline the best title for the article. 1 Allabout the money Company owners and entrepreneurs all know that ‘employee satisfaction is essential to a company’s success, so it's very important that 'they offer a working environment that nurtures and supports staff. So what 2 Notjust a job can a company do to keep employees motivated, loyal 3. Modem working conditions ‘and productive? B PREDICT What do you think the article will ‘Tech companies, such as Google and Apple, are now be about? famous for their trendy office spaces with perks like free transport to and from work, weekly massage sessions and, of course, free food and drink. One employee at a well-known tech firm told us, ‘It saves me time and money, and helps me stick to my diet goals. But which other companies are following “this example? Hilary C REFERENCE LINKS Read the rest of the article ‘quickly. Circie the correct person, place or thing that ‘each numbered word or phrase in bold refers to. 1 company owners/ employees 2 an employee’ det goals / tech firms ‘works for a larye recruitment agency. ‘We want and work environment require the best — bright and intalligent young people 3 people a the recruitment agency / employees ‘who want to contribute to the development of the ingeneral ‘company they work for, and who really want to make 4 the game developer's website /the amount a difference. A good salary is important, but *they are ofbenefits not only motivated by money. There are other ways to 5 employees / dogs reward your staff? 6 atthe beach / at the clothing company Take a leading developer of online games as an 7. make difference /help the environment example. The games are played by milions of people around the world. The company website lists a large D READ FOR DETAIL Read again and circle the ‘number of benefia: ‘i includes medical and dental pote enewer ace care, paid parental leave, free gym membership and 1 Which ofthese do tech firms not offer their ‘an on-site dry-cleaning service. But perhaps the most employees? tunusual item on the lst is this:'Every day is bring ‘ adiet plan b transport ‘your dog to work day’ Pet-friendly services include 2. According tothe article, what motivates many ‘rooftop park for dogs to play in, pet insurance and young people when looking fora job? ‘special treats for employees’ pets. You probably won't 2 ahigh salary bb job satisfaction be surprised to learn that in a survey carried out by 3 Working at the game development company Business Options magazine, employees who take their mentioned in the text is unusual because you can. furry friends to work with them say that they are more a take yourdog towork b have fee medical salsted wit their working lie than “those woo cent. in treatment ‘addition, pets can help people to improve their physical 4 What effect does the game development is Be cies Ween nayera eT bones company unusual policy have on its employees? ipa y Decades Jewel cave ere ek ee nea: a They work more, bb They become moe (Other types of companies which are known to care physicaly ft. about the health and well-being of their employees 5 How do working conditions at the clothing are those which sell outdoor clothing and equipment compary reflect ts products? for adventure sports. To help promote their brand. 2 They ate both b They both they want their employees to stay physically ft, What related to the sea, promote fitness. Dei Oat pee ee ee staff? They are encouraged to use the company bikes, Woleal courts and ome yoga classes. An xa ‘boost (to help someting incense is a well-known American clothing company which has ‘motivated (a erthusiastc and wantin succeed its offices right on the beachfront. Staff can go surfing ‘Productive (ad) achieving good rests in their lunch breaks. In addition, it runs campaigns 10 raise awareness of issues such as climate change, E REFLECT Think about the answers to environmental protection and fair trade. ‘Staff ‘there. these questions. are motivated by more than just good pay; says Hilary. 1 Which do you think is more important ~a high ‘They believe that in their own small way they can make salary or job satisfaction? a difference. Working for an ethically sound company 2. Which of the benefits mentioned in the text would allows them to do "that? bbe important for you? 35 WORK AND BUSINESSoO 5.4 Work and business LISTENING ‘A PREDICT What kinds of problems do you think school teachers have in the course of their work? Put the problems in order (1 = most important, 4= least important). difficult pupils bb heavy workload too much paperwork 4. stress B LISTEN FOR EXAMPLES You are going to listen toa report about problems which teachers face. Tick (V) the phrases for introducing examples which you hear. 1 Tobemore specific 2 Forexample 3. What's most important is 4. asthe survey results show 5 That brings me on to 6 Forinstance, 7... suchas 8 lke 9... amore specific dea 10 Lets take alook at ‘exodus (na stuaton in which alot of peopl eave apace ‘atthesame tine ‘qualify (0 gain the certicate degree etc which you need todo acersain job vvacaney (na job thats avalable for somebody to do ‘workload (n) he amount of work youhave to do 0000000000 LISTEN FOR EXAMPLES Listen to three extracts from the report and complete the sentences with one word in each space. 1 Eor2xample, towards the end of my time in the teaching profession, Iwas marking up to notebooks every 2 That's what's important to pupi ike and 3 Forinstance, government figures for this year show that there are 10,000 for school teachers and teachers, not just things eee ast ane Tc @ 0 usteN FOR DETAIL Listen again and answer TF” the questions 1 Accaring tothe suvey, how mary rey aualfedteachersqut thet jbs ater les than the years? } tore aananiwmwaonies 2 What 80% of teachers consider doing? 4 How many teacher are missing fom secondary schoolsthis year 5 How many types of assessment does Amal mention? 6 What did Amal have to do every week which took up al her time? 7. What does Amal believe is nt so important, compared to a pupils personal development? 8 When did Amals heavy workload increase even more? E REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. 1 Isa teacher’ job stressful in your country? 2. Would you like to become a teacher? Why/Why not? FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Structuring a presentation Circle the best options to complete the talk given by a speaker on the topic of interview Skill: Good morning and thank you for coming / that you came to today's workshop. The ‘purpose / reason of {today's “interaction / presentation isto teach you how to succeed in ajob interview. So “fist ofall / at fist, (a lke to tak about introductions. Offer the interviewer 2 flim handshake, stand straight and look him or her in the eye. Confidence isthe key here. Let's throw a glance / take a look at the fist slide this diagram shows the dos and don'ts of personal appearance. Well talk more about these later. Let’s ‘continue on / move on now to think about what you'e going to say in the interview. Give ‘thoughtful ansivers but .. dort talk too much! "From J Within our research we know that a candidate who talks 2 lot without interacting with the interviewer can leave a negative impression, That ‘carries / brings me on to the final part of this introduction to interview sil. Try to use language which is sultable for the occasion - you should avoid slang words and any references to sensitive topics; and avoid humour ifpossible, it doesnt always go down welll So the next *theme / question is how to put these ideas into action. In pais, youre going to role-play an imaginary interview. Now, "do you have / will you make any questions before we move on? WORK AND BUSINESSe 5.5 Work and busin WRITING A Read the job advert and answer the questions. 1. What do you think the job involves? 2_ Is having previous experience in the travel business essential? 3. What are the most important skills you need for this job? Eurojobs.com: Travel Consultant (Ref: 2713) A fantastic opportunity has become available to work for a dynamic, award-winning travel company. Responsibilities include: being the first point of contact with customers, both face to face and on social media; creating and planning tailor-made travel arrangements; keeping up to date with offers, promotions and new products; providing advice and solutions to travel problems; providing first-class customer service; and attracting new customers. The skills we are looking for: * one year’s travel agent experience or sales experience or relevant degree plus work ‘experience + areal passion for travel and interest in other countries and cultures confident, polite and reliable, with a can-do approach and a good work ethic comfortable dealing with people at all levels + ambitious and capable of working well under pressure in a tough sales environment email a covering letter and CV to Carl Dennis: Danes 8 ORGANISATION Read Edward Browning's covering letter. What is the main topic of each paragraph? Make brief notes. Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 WORK AND BUSINESS ME eor ui a aoe OE sty Dear Mr Dennis, |1am wating to apply for the posttion of Travel Consultant currently advertised on Eurojobscom (Ref: 2713). | have attached my C¥. recently graduated with 2 BA in ‘Tourism Management and am keen to start a career in the tourism industry, “The course included hands-on experience as well as insight into how different countries approach tourism. "This required organisational ability, good ‘communication skills and the ability to work with others. “As well as being an active member of student societies, | organised the annual Meeting of Minds event, which, gathers tourism graduates from all over the world, believe that the skils and experience | gained at University make me the ideal candidate for this position, ‘Working for your company would be a great opportunity for me to share mi passion for travel. am keen to workfor ‘company which offers such excellent customer service. ‘Atole atone ofthe top companies in the travel industry ‘would fulfil my ambition to workin the tourism industry. Thankyou for considering my application. |am available for interview at any time, and look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Edward Browning C PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE The sentences (a-d) in the second paragraph are in the wrong order. Put them in the correct order to make a better-organised paragraph, Find the topic sentence first. 1 2 a 4 WRITING PRACTICE A PREPARE You are going to write a covering letter for a Job. Find an advertisement online or in a newspaper for a job you would like to apply for. Think about the answers to these questions and make notes. 1. Which phrases will you use to open and close this formal letter? 2 Whats the jb tile and where did you see it advertised? 3. Why are youinterested inthis compary and the job onoffer 4 What skills and experlence do you have which make you sultable for the role? Think of examples. B WRITE Write your covering letter for the advertisement you found in Exercise A. Write your letter in 150-200 words ‘© Use your notes and ideas from Bxercise A ‘+ Remember to use standard phrases suitable for a formal etter. * Dorit forget to begin each paragraph with a topic sentence and give examples where necessary,6.1 Sports and hobbies Bore GRAMMAR Modals of obligation 1k Circle the correct answer, a, bor. 1 You attend football training today - you can come tomorrow iFyou ike a shouldnt b needn't & mustnt 2 You _tellthe coachif you cat play in Saturdays match or shell be annoyed with you. a must b need € donithaveto 3 Donit disturb him—he concentrate on making the shot, a neednt b hasto should 4 You __ wear the helmet, but I strongly recommend that you do. a mustat shouldnt dont have to 5 ifyou want to Improve your perfomance, you train every day. a have should < needntt 6 Hey! You — kick the ball - you can only use your hands! a mustnt b dont have to € needn't, B Circle the modal verb which cannot be used in each sentence. 11 When running a marathon, you drink water regularly so that you stay hydrated. need to/ must/ shouldn't 2 But, you drink too much liquid, or youll get a stomach ache needn't/shouldn't/ mustn't 3 Frank, you toyou! shout; Im sitting ight next don't have to/needrit/mustntt 4 We bbe at the stadium until noon, so wete free until 12, ‘must /needn't/don't have to 5 She score any more points to win the match - she has enough already. needn't shouldn't / doesn't need to 6 You hit the other players ~ itisrt the Fight way to play don'thaveto/mustn't/shouldn't 7 fyoute interested in volleyball, you sign up for the school team. should /must/neednt 8 You throw the ball nto the net to score a point ‘must/haveto ‘don't have toVOCABULARY Adjectives ending in -ive ‘A Complete the text with the correct form of the words siven in capitals The Olympics are considered the greatest sporting ‘event ever known, However it takes more than beinga’ athieteto win. COMPETE There sa amount MASS Of pressure from the media, Players are sometimes greeted by camera crews when they arive for practice. The media canbe quite” attimes, AGGRESSION and this can break player's concentration, Without a doubt, having this added pressure isnot the most* way for EFFECT a player to tain, Athletes have to employ? CREATE ways of dealing with the stress, such as meditation, taking lona baths or using postive thinking to calm them, All Olympians deserve a medal for their® strength in competing IMPRESS under these conditions. B Matching the nouns in the box.to the meanings. champion final league medal players spectator stadium supporter tournament trophy 1 Alarge bullsing, usually without a roof where people watch sports events such as football matches or races 2. Someone who has won an important competition, especially in sport. 3 People who playa particular game or sport. SPORTS AND HOBBIES 4 The last game, race, etc ing competition. The winner of the final is the winner of the whole competition. 5A large sliver cup or similar object given as a prize to the winner of a competition, especially a sports event, 6 Someone who likes to watch a particular sports team ‘and wants that team to win, 7 Asmall lt piece of metal that you are glven for winning a competition 8 Agroup of teams or players who regularly compete ‘against one another, put in order according to how many points they have won, 9. A series of games in which the winner of each game plays in the next game until there is one player or tearm lef. 10 Someone who watches sports event, Sport C Circe the corect option to complete the sentences. 1 Rogers terfc baseball spectator / coach; his team always wins the championship. 2 His shelves werer't tall enough for the trophy / medal he had just won! 3. The FVB isthe word champion /league of international volleyball teams. 4 The supporter / stadium was so packed with fans that there was nowhere to sit 5 Ifyou dont win this last match, youll lose the whole trophy / tournament. 6 The teams supporters / spectators arrived at the rate wearing ted and white scarves, 7 Towin the competition, youll have to compete against lest year’ final/ champion, 8 Getting aplace on the tearm is very cifficult; they only pick the top supporters / players. 9. Idrather play a sport than be a spectator / champion ~ taking partis more fun than watching. 10. IFhe wins this match, hell be through tothe final league, PRONUNCIATION Rhythm: pausing ‘A Read this excerpt from a radio programme Mark) where you think the speaker will use a short pause and (//) for a longer pause which is used to add emphasis or drama, Stay tuned, / folks We've got an exciting show for you today Later on in the programme, Lionel Messi ~ world famous Sports star, considered by some to be the greatest footballer ‘ofall time wil be joining usto talk about his ie and career, Well speak about the challenges he faced, bth on and off the field, and how he overcame ther tobe who hei today Listen and check whether you have placed your pauses appropriately. Practise reading the excerpt aloud with the correct use of pauses,: \ 6.2 Sports and hobbies VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Hobbies and free-time activities fan fit hobby member society thing A Circle the correct option to complete the radio interview. 1. Why dorityou join a tobe with other people who share your interest in old books? Presenter: Aisha has come on to the programme areca we ve started today to tell us about her work as a life doing yoga once a week coach. Aisha, how do you help people 2. Going 103 gym st eal my tobe ‘escape / get from daily stress? honest Aisha: There are lots of ways, actually. But 4 Ima ofthe Rihanna fan club. mainly, it’s all about finding out what 5. Crosstraining is becoming a very popular way to keep is ‘relaxing / fitting for you, personally. I do think, though, that the best 6 Imahuge of Drake and his music activites are ones that you both enjoy and which *close/ get you out of the house. Presenter: | see. I've always really enjoyed “keeping / collecting stamps, but I don't think that’ a very popular hobby anymore. Aisha: It doesntt matter what itis, as long as you really enjoy doing it The real benefits come from having a Sclose/ near interest in a hobby. Whatever you *have/are into doing is going to have positive results for you. \\\ Bae ae).2 Sports and hobbies GRAMMAR Present perfect continuous ‘A Complete the biog post with the present perfect. simple or present perfect continuous form of the verbs In brackets. Wah Le ees My sister Samia loves sports)! {never/know) anyone as active as her. She? (Glay) football tennis, basketball and other sports for years. fyou ask her ‘How long? (ou /take part) in sporting competitions? Shell tell you that she started as soon as she could walk! This month ‘hg — (train) for another ‘marathon. Shes (complete) ‘two so far. One in London and one in Paris. it (notachieve) very much all day today, apart from writing this blog post. Notlike Samia.She? {Just/come in) very hot and sweaty because she —__(work out) at the gym all afternoon. B Rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous and the word given, Write no more than five words. 1 Cara moved here sx years ago, FOR Clara sixyeas, 2 Seth started playing tennis asa chi SINCE seth he was a child 3. goto the gyma lt less recently. Nor \ tothe gymalot recenty 4 They started to train since last year to get ready for the marathon. a They fart get ready for the marathon, ¥ Pe had to / needed to Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. 1 | needn't to buy a me hers, mat because my sister lent We have to have lessons before we could jump out of the plane forthe first time. Julio need to practise a ot before he became good at fly fishing Kayleigh hadritto watch the ukulele teacher because she ateady knew how to play the song, She didnt had to do anything yesterday so she spent the day relaxing at home, had s plea snd alot of money to buy this stamp, but Im sd that I did ‘The coach said we needed practise mare, so we di. | had use my friend’s table tennis bat last week because lproke mine, PRONUNCIATION been: weak form QA Len endundeine ne wort te ssa sesssin each sentence 1 2 a 4 5 6 Ivenever been to India, Tanyas been playing tennis for hours, He’ been very quiet all day. How long have you been captain ofthe club? We've been training since lat year Have you been surfing before? B Practise saying the sentences in Exercise A. Don't forget, that been should be unstressed,6.3 Sports and hobbies READING ‘A Read three short texts which are all on the same topic. What is that topic? B IDENTIFY TONE Where would you expect to read the three different texts? Match the texts (a-c) with the sources (1-3) 1 anencyclopaedia 2 ablog 3 amagazine © READ FOR DETAIL Which text mentions 1 international styles of music? 2. work and free time! 3. children? 4 alife-changing experience: 5 different kinds of instrument? 6 helping others D REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions. 1 Doyou playa musical inst ike to? ument? If not, would you low can music help people to overcome a difficult experience? Lovely concert at the Memorial Hall last night — and all for charity! We raised £350 for the Hope Children’s Hospital. Fantastic result! Well done everybody — the ladies of the organising committee, Kingfisher Café Who provided the refreshments ... AND the band! They were just sensational ... $0 impressive! | loved EVERY MINUTE of the concert. And a special thank you to the kids — it's great to see the young ones getting involved at such an early age. We hope well see you again next year, guys! » Abrass band is a musical group generally consisting entirely of brass instruments, frequently accompanied by a percussion section. Some groups include both brass ‘and woodwind instruments, and this ‘combination is typified by the New Orieans-style band. Variations on the make-up of the brass band vary across the world; the Balkan countries have a strong brass band tradition and have a distinctive style influenced by gypsy trumpet music, ‘Turkish marching bands and traditional folk music. A British brass band usually consists of 28 players. The British scene is characterised by a strong competitive element, with annual contests being held to determine the best band in the country. Founded in 1917 to give miners something 10 do in their free time, the Grimethorpe Colliery Band has a long and proud history. The musicians were fulltime mine workers, ‘spending their days deep under the ground, digging out coal, and their evenings in music rehearsals. Sadly, the band is all that remains of Grimethorpe Colliery as the government closed it down in 1992. The closure of the pit came as a terrible shock and hundreds of people lost their jobs. At that time, 17 members of the band were working miners. Since then, the band has risen to fame for its part in the award- winning film Brassed Off. eeeroy colliery (n) a coal mine (place where coals dug fom theground) percussion () musical instruments which youl or shake (eo drums) woodwind (adj) musical instruments made of wood which you blow into to producea sound Prat