EXERCISES PROBLEMS

Water tlows uniformly at a depth of 1.50m in a rectangular

canal 4 m wide, laid on a slope of 1 m per kilometer. What is
the average shear stress at the sides and bottom of the canal?
2. What uniform flow will occur in a rectangular planed-timber
flume n -0.010) 1.75 m wide and having a slope of U.0010
when the depth therein is 1 m, using (a) Manning's C (b)
Kutter's C?
3. Calculate the flow in an earth-lined (n = 0.020) trapezoidal
canal having bottom width 4 m, SS 1:2, laid on a slope of
0.0001 having a depth of 2 m, using (a) Manning's C, (b)
Kutter's C.
4 What uniform flow exists in a circular brick conduit 1.50 m
in diameter when the depth of flow is 60 cm, if it is laid on
a slope of 0.0005, using (a) Manning's C, (b) Kutter's C,
(c) Bazin's C? Use n= 0.015 and m 0.29.
 5. What uniform flow will 483
Fig. A, if it is laid on a occur in the cros-section shown l
using (a) Manning's C, slope of 0.0005 and has n 0.017, =

At (6) Kutter's C?
what depth will4.25 mS/s flow
channel 4 m wide with uniformly in arectangular
slope of 1 to 4000? Use nrubble-lined
0.017.
masonry and laid on a
7. Calculate the depth at which
in a smooth 0.70 m3/s will flow uniformly
laid
cement-lined circular conduit 2 m in a
slope of 1 to 7000. Use n 0.010.
on a
=
diameter
8. A trapezoidal canal
of SS 1:2 and
a
uniform flow of 35 m3/s on a slope having n 0.017 is to carry
1.5 m. What base of 0.005 at a depth of
width is required?
What slope is
1.5 m in a
necessary to carry 11.5 m*/s at a depth of
10.
rectangular channel 4 m wide, having n 0.017?
An earth-lined -

3 m and
trapezoidal canal (n= 0.020) of base width
SS 1:3 is to carry 2.80 m3/s
uniformly at a velocity
of 0.60 m/s.
What slope is
necessary?
11. (a) What are the best dimensions for a rectangular channel
having flow cross section of 10 m?
a
(b) What are the best dimensions of a
having a flow cros section of 14 m trapezoidal channel
302 and sides sloping at
12. A smooth metal
flume (n, 0.015) of semicircular section
has a diameter of 2 m and a grade of
of corrugated metal flume 0.0060. What diameter
have the same
(n=0.030) will be required to
discharge capacity and slope?
13 A circular vitrified sewer pipe is laid
and it is to carry 2.4 m°/s. When the pipe slope
on a of 0.0002
flows at 90% of
its diameter, what size of pipe should be used if n
0.015?
=

14. An earth canal carries water at a depth of 2 m.

The canal
has a bottom width of 6 m and a SS 1.5:1.
and bed slope of 0.00020, compute the
Usingn=0.025
discharge by the
Manning equation. Check n by the Kutter equation and
solye m of the Bazin equation.
15. What would be the probable depth of flow of a river 100 m
wide carrying 280 m°/s with a slope of 0.00028 and n =
0.040?
16. The section of canal has one vertical side and the other
a
sloping at an angle of 45°. The bottom width is 6 m and the
484 0.00016 with n
slope of
1.20 m. It has a
the flow is to be
depth of flow is enbankment,

0.020. When it
reaches an
n = 0.012 and slope
concrete pipes with
carried by two
should be used, assuming no

0.0025. What size of pipes

diversion?
losses at the point of amount of
earth canal shown
in Fig. B, determine the
17. In the
properties.
flow using the specified carries a flow of 5 m3/s
2.5 m wide
18. A rectangular section velocity and the critical
Find the critical depth, the critical
slope if n =
0.013. channel
from a sluice gate in a rectangular
19. Water is released
that the depth of flow is 70 em and the
2 m wide such
for (a) this specific
velocity is 5 m/s. Find the critical depth
energy, (b) this discharge.
flowing in a rectangular flume with velocity
Water is
a of
20
5 m/s and a depth of 1.20 m. Is the flow at upper or lower
stage? Whai is the other alternatedepth of flow?
21. A flow of 300 litres/s of water is carried in a 90 V-notch
flume with n =0.012. Find the critical depth.
22. An isosceles trapezoidal canal with SS 2:1 has a bottom
width of 4m and carries a flow of 20 m3/S. Find the critical
depth.
23. A planed-timber flume is to have a rectangular cross-section
of best efficiency. The velocity is not to exceed 2.4 m/s on a
grade of 1 to 1000. What should be the dimensions of the
eross section and the
capacity of the canal? Is the flow at
upper or lower stage? Use n=0.010.
24 A rectangular flume 4
m wide has a flow of 10 m*/s when
the depth of flow is 2m. If
the same material had been uSeu
for a trapezoidal
what
section having the same wetted perine
would have been the
greatest
changing the grade of the flume? possible discharge wlu
25. A trapezoidal canal has one
at 60. Its discharge is vertical side and the other ping
If the slope is at its 25m3/s and its mean velocity 15 *ns
m/s.

of the section. barest minimum, dimens

1, find the dime
SIon

26. A river carries a

of 1.2 m/s. What capacity of 10.5 m3/s at an rage velocity
must be the
arerage
trapezoidal canal to dimensions oi eocity
carry the same
capacity *a"
 as the river with SS 485
2:1 in order to have
mical section? the most econo
27. If the most
efficient of all seetions can be
and size of open channel would used, what shape
10 m3/s with a you recommend to carry
velocity of 3
28. Determine the slope that a m/s?
concrete circular sewer, 2 m in
diameter, must have when flowing at its
if the mean maximum capacity
velocity
is 3
m/s. Use n =C.013.
29 A rectangular flume of planed-timber (n 0.012) is
=

wide a carries 2.00 m3s of water. 1.5 m

The bed slope is 0.00060.
At a certain section the
depth is 1 m. Find the distance to
the section where the depth is 0.70 m.
30. If discharge of 1.5 m3/s per meter width of channel has
a
a velocity of 6
m/s to what depth could it possibly jump?
Check the critical depth.
31. A stream having a discharge per
meter width of channel of
1 m°/s has a depth after
jump of 1 m. Determine the velo
city before the jump. Check the critical depth.
(32 In a rectangular flume 2 m wide, water flowing at a depth
of 30 cm. jumps to a depth of 1.2 m. Find the discharge.
33 A rectangular channel carrying water with a velocity of
5 m/s has a uniform depth of 1m.(a) At what stage is the
flow taking place? (b) I a jump is possible, what is the
depth after the jump?
34. After flowing over the spillway of a dam, 250 m*/s of water
passes over a level apron (S, 0; n = 0.013). The velocity

of water at thebottom of the spillway was measured to be

12.8 m/s. The width of the apron is 50 m and the depth
Conditions are such
of flow below the apron is to be 3 m.
of the apron if
that jump would öccur. Find the length
a
within it. Determine the energy
the jump is to be contained
lost in the jump.
and 30 cm
The depth upstream of
a sluice gate is 1.80 m
35. downstream of it. If a jump is possible after
the water
just water could jump.
has passed the gate, find to. what depth
 544

FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS

ANSWERS TO LNERCISE PROBLEMS (Pages 482-486)

1. 8.40 Pa

2. (a) 3.32 m* /s (b) 3.46 m*/s

3. (a) 5.60 m* /s (b) 5.62 m*/s
4. (a) 460 litres/s (b) 458 litres/s (c) 480 litres/s
5. (a) 18.00 ms
(b) 17.80 m/s
6. 1.32 m

7. 0.74 m

8. 4.80 m

9. 0.00130

10. 0.00020

11. (a) 2.24 m

deep ; 4.48 m wide
(b) b 1.30 m
12. 2.60 m
d= 2.50 m
13. 2.15 m

14. 12.40 m* /s
; n =
0.025 ; m =
1.22
15. 3.00 m

16. 1.25m
17. 300 m/s
 545
18. 0.74 m ; 2.70 m/s ; 0.0035
19. (a) 1.32 m (b) 1.08 m
20. Lower ; 2.03 m

21 0.45 m
22. 1.13 m (By trial and error)
23. 1.32 m by 2.64 m ; 8.40 m° /s ; Upper
24. 12.70 m3/s

25. b =
5.77 m; d 3.66 m
26. b= 0.90 m; d 1.90 m

27. 2.90 m

28. 0.0030

29. 295 m

30. 1.24 m ; 0.60 m

31 5.90 m/s ; 0.47 m

32. 3.25 m*/s

33. (a) Lower (b) Similar to Problem 30.

34 64 m (Considering a conservative value of 5 times
upstream depth for the length of the jump).
35. 1.23 m