CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY ENGLISH 6 WORKBOOK ANSWERS

Workbook answers
1 Different voices – different times
1.1 What is a prologue? C L A U S T R O P H O B I A U
Z E K I T G F E G J B V J I X
1 a 3 b 2 c 3 d 4 e 1
K M R A B D H H R A G S T B C
2 Learners’ own answers.
T Y I B I O J M A X M J H O A
3 a antibody b Antarctic c antisocial
M U D U M B H M P O L F Q H R
d anti-climax e antibiotic f antifreeze
I B I B L I O P H O B I A P N
g antithesis h antiseptic i antidote A B L U T O P H O B I A U O O
j anticlockwise K K X G O U R Q P M O F A B P
4 Possible answers: L T D F V D V Z H O H G S R H
a overcast – on top of/covering O A I B O H P O O Z R T T E O
b infrastructure – below F R I G O P H O B I A E I V B
c perimeter – round, about A P I O P H O B I A K H D R I
d postpone – after in time F X W K N J S N A J K W L I A
e octagon – eight A I B O H P O T C O O U W F S
f hyperactive – beyond, more than normal Q C V S X F Z E B F U O R L B

g prepare – before in time

h exclude – out 2 graphophobia – fear of writing; verbophobia
– fear of words; bibliophobia – fear of books;
i submerge – under
apiophobia – fear of bees; zoophobia – fear of
j synchronise – in union, together animals; octophobia – fear of the number 8;
siderophobia – fear of stars; claustrophobia –
1.2 Delve into detail fear of small or enclosed spaces; frigophobia
1 a
 An irrational or extreme fear of something. – fear of the cold; arithmophobia – fear
b noun c c.1786 d Came into English possibly of numbers; carnophobia – fear of meat;
by the French word phobie, but originally from ablutophobia – fear of washing.
the ancient Greek suffix phobia from phobos 3 a–c Learners’ own answers.
meaning fear, panic or terror.e Learners’ 4 a philosopher; b philately; c philanthropists;
own answers. d bibliophiles; e philharmonic.

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1.3 Focus on technique 3 a adjective; antonym: heavy; own example.

b noun; antonym: none; own example.
1 a hyphen b hyphen c dash d hyphen e dash
c adjective; antonym: burdened, heavy,
2 Possible answers – accept sensible variations.
down, heavy-hearted; own example.
a The box was full of interesting things –
d  adjective; antonym: awkward, clumsy;
things I had never seen before.
own example.
b  My school – the one on the corner – is the
e  adjective; antonym: dark, intense; own
largest in the area.
example.
c  Gardening – my favourite hobby – is a
 f noun; antonym: dark, darkness; example
relaxing weekend activity.
given.
d We managed to build the model aeroplane
g  noun; antonym: none; own example.
before everyone else – working together.
h  verb; antonym: snuff out, put out,
e  I wish my friend – the one from Kuala
smother; own example.
Lumpur – would tell me some of the
folktales from her region. 4 Learners’ own answers.
3 a climax b additional information
c aside or comment d climax
1.6 Short and long sentences
e additional information 1 a White bears have an excellent sense of
smell.
1.4 Write a short prologue b I interviewed anyone who had ever seen a
Possible answers: white bear to find out more.
1 a present b It gives the sense of immediacy, as c The Saami believe you should know
if the action is happening as the reader reads. everything about the white bear before
c It is talking about something in the past. hunting one.
d The future tense is used in the last 2 b and c.
sentence – to foreshadow what is to come. 3–4 Learners’ own answers.
2 a First person b Use of the personal pronouns 5 Learners’ own answers.
I and we c For emphasis – to make the reader
realise there is something special about the 1.7 Review word classes
old way d It makes them stand out and it
emphasises that They, although not named, 1 a the b a c no article d a e the
are somehow real and present. e It allows 2  b verbs c pronouns d prepositions e nouns
readers to fill in their own ideas about what f adjectives g adverbs h interjections
will happen. f Learners’ own answers. 3 Learners’ own answers.
3 Learners’ own answers but certainly fiction. 4 between; in front of; through; across; beside;
4 Learners’ own answers. under; over; below; next to; above; outside;
beyond.
1.5 White bears
1 a  knead: press and shape the mixture firmly
1.8 Review dialogue
and repeatedly with your hands to make 1 a ‘Don’t forget to bring your soccer ball
bread; need: something you must have or tomorrow,’ [own word, e.g. reminded]
do; kneed: hit someone with your knee Javier.
b  vain: too interested in your own b Ava [own word e.g. begged], ‘Please may I
appearance or achievements; vane: flat, go to the party? Everyone will be there.’
narrow part of a fan, propeller, etc. that c ‘What on earth have you got there?’ [own
turns because of the pressure of air or word, e.g. laughed, enquired ] Sebastian.
liquid against it; vein: tube that carries d ‘Give me that!’ [own word, e.g. demanded]
blood to the heart from the other parts of Nesmah. ‘It’s mine.’ (or mine! optional
the body. exclamation mark at the end)
2 Learners’ own answers. 2 Learners’ own answers.

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3 e lectrician, competition, mansion, invitation,

session, musician, technician, discussion,
expansion.
4 Learners’ own answers.

1.9 Voices
1 a
 true b true c false d true e false f false g true
h false i true j true
2 a second sentence b first sentence c second
sentence d second sentence e second sentence
f second sentence.
3 a proverb b proverb c idiom d proverb
e idiom f proverb g idiom
4 a–c Learners’ own answers.

1.10 Finding out about flashbacks

1–3 Learners’ own answers.

1.11 and 1.12  Create Voice 4

at the museum
1–3 Learners’ own answers.

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2 People in the news

2.1 Making headlines have said. Since news is about what has
already happened, both use the past tense
1 Example answers: but sometimes a live broadcast is about
a A new season – A NEW TEAM! something that is taking place at that time so
b PANIC as lights go out … the reporter might use the present tense. In a
live broadcast, the reporter may use a more
c 100% vote ‘YES’
friendly or familiar register than in a written
d Rain, rain, go away … article.
e Is there thyme to cook? 2 Example answer: Speak clearly, look at the
2 Example answers: audience/camera, give the facts, answer the
a A new team has been selected. 5W1H questions.
b Something went wrong with the power 3 Learners’ own work.
and people were left in the dark.
c There was a referendum and everyone 2.5 Explore biographies
agreed on the outcome. 1 Learners’ own words and definitions.
d It has been rainy and gloomy for a long 2 Poorna Malavath is a brave young girl who
time. believes that with confidence and focus you
e Something about using herbs in cooking. can achieve anything, no matter who you
3 Learners’ own examples and notes. are. She is a true example because she is the
youngest person in the world to summit
Mount Everest.
2.2 Read all about it
At the age of 13 when most children are at
1 Facts underlined: school, playing games or watching TV, she had
a  Punishment is a penalty for wrongdoing her eyes fixed on making a difference in her
and I think it should be used sparingly. community and changing the views of society.
b  There are 24 hours in a day but I think Her story is an inspiration to anyone from any
some days feel too short. background, young and old.
c I think vegetables are delicious and they On 10 June 2000, Poorna Malavath was born
contain lots of vitamins. in a small village in India where her parents
d I think it is good to get up early when worked on a farm. She attended the local
the sun rises in the morning. school that taught mountain climbing as a
subject. This sparked her desire to take up the
e I think kids should do compulsory sports ultimate challenge – to climb Mount Everest,
because exercise makes you fit. a mountain on which many lives have been
2 Learners’ own work. lost.
3 a sick b lie c bad d crashed e ruined f naughty 3 Learners’ own summary.
g disastrously h fail
4 Learners’ own work. 2.6 and 2.7  Make a start
1 a they – the apples
2.3 Layout and purpose
b he – the interviewer, them – the questions
1–3 Learners’ own work. c they – the guides, them – the climbers
d whose/her – the brave girl
2.4 Report a story
e myself – I, we – my team and I
1 E
 xample answer: Both broadcasts and articles
f this – the school, she – the young climber
report news that is current and interesting
to the general public. Both include facts,
opinions and quotations of things people

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2 Example answers: 2.10 Practise reporting

Amelia Earhart was born in 1897 on 24 July in
1 a “I had an amazing experience,” she told
a small town in Kansas, US.
the interviewer when she returned.
In 1932, she became the first woman to fly
b A classmate said of her friend, “She
solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
is brave and focused and a wonderful
She was also the first person to cross the friend.”
Atlantic Ocean twice.
c The children chanted, “She’s our hero,” as
In 1937, on 2 July, she went missing in a plane they gathered to greet her.
over the Pacific Ocean.
d Her parents commented, “We are
She was declared dead in 1939, on 5 January. overjoyed and very proud of her.”
3 Learners’ own work. e The headline “Welcome home!” filled the
front page.
2.8 Another life 2 Example answers.
1 Learners’ own words and definitions. a Everyone said that they were ready to go.
2 Answers: b She declared that their adventure had
begun the day before/already begun.
1 bio 6 both
c The teacher told the children that they
2 auto 7 both
must have completed the homework by the
3 bio 8 bio following day.
4 auto 9 auto d The mother told her son that he should
5 bio 10 auto (have) packed/pack his bags for school.

3 Learners’ own sentences.
3 Learners’ own work.
2.11 and 2.12  Write a news
2.9 Conduct an interview article
1–3 Learners’ own work.
1–3 Learners’ own work.

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3 Personification and imagery

3.1 The River
1 P ersonification: The washing machine coughed and spluttered before
stopping. The window flung itself open and breathed in the fresh
air. The icicle shivered and its teeth chattered. The sun beamed as it
tiptoed its way across the sky.
2–3 Learners’ own answers.

3.2 Compare poems

1 Possible answers:
optimism silliness sadness peace
elated crazy despondent composed
enthusiastic daft gloomy cool
exultant foolish melancholy passive
happy hare-brained mournful placid
hopeful light-hearted regretful quiet
jubilant mad sad relaxed
positive ridiculous solemn serene
sunny wistful tranquil

2 a Possible answers:
• the end of winter and the coming of spring into summer.
• It is winter.
• Learners’ own answers for mood.
b Possible answers: the sounds in the first line of the poem are a
little harder and colder.
c The words gradually soften to represent the coming months and
new life associated with the rosebuds.
3 a Learners’ own answers.
b Wild and piled.
c They are in the middle of the line.

3.3 Look deeper

1 a DUM de DUM de DUM de DUM (7 syllables) / de DUM de
DUM de DUM de (7) / DUM de DUM de DUM de DUM (7) /
de DUM de DUM de DUM de (7)
b Learners’ own answers but should be along the lines of jolly and
upbeat.
2 a End rhymes: Learners could say there is no end rhyme pattern
if they have not picked up the half rhymes after and water. End
rhyme pattern is in lines 2 and 4, giving ABCB.
b Internal rhymes: Line 1 has hill and Jill; line 3 has down and
crown.
 c Half rhymes: water and after are a half rhyme at the end of lines
2 and 4.

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3 a Onomatopoeia: Using words that include 3 Z R S T A N Z A T R Z A O H

sounds that are similar to the noises the N S O A H R T I H A P L N S
words they refer to.
M M T I H Y T Y O N R L O E
Alliteration: Using words, especially in
A E P Y R R M A M O E I M H
poetry, of the same sound/s, especially
consonants, at the beginning of several O S T P E E A L Y I S T A R

words that are close together. Y H H A I A N N E T S E T E

b 1 uses alliteration, e.g. cunningly creeping M E A A P S A I E I N R O A

and spectral stalker (but could also be R N Y M P H O T C T R A P R
onomatopoeia as cunningly creeping and S I M I L E O R S E O T O L
spectral stalker are both suggestive of
I R N P T I Y R S P I I E M
the actions). 2 uses onomatopoeia, e.g.
E C N A N O S S A E H O I N
SHUSHES, hushes, flitter-twitters. 3 uses
alliteration, e.g. Cook, could, cookies. There M S R T Y T E M S R A N A O

is also a resonance of the same sound with A D Y A L P D R O W S P O N

the word good – a hard G just to match M O H A E I N O T A E T Z Z
the hard C. (It could also be referred to as
assonance the same oo/ou vowel sound.)
4 uses both alliteration and onomatopoeia, 3.5 Explore figurative language
e.g. cobbles, clattered, clashed or horse-
1  a The tide of life ebbs and flows. It sings
hooves and clattered, clashed, tapped, tlot
when life is good. It cries when times are
tlot (also a made-up word).
bad.
3.4 Right Here Was the Ocean b Learners’ own answers.
2–3 Learners’ own answers.
1 P ersonification means using human qualities
or actions to describe a non-living object.
The word personification is a clue because it
3.6 Write your own poem
contains the word person. Personify is a verb 1–3 Learners’ own answers.
meaning to describe something as if it were a
person. So, rather than saying: The moon is a
crescent shape tonight, say: The moon is just
peeping out tonight.
2 Using a human word to describe an object
makes a poetic image more vivid. It can also
tell you how the narrator of the poem feels
about the object. For example, The moon shyly
watched me, shows sympathy with the moon;
whereas, The moon barely noticed me does not
show sympathy. Poems can also be written in
first person as if the object has feelings like a
person.

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4 Back to the future

4.1 Looking into the future b The learners – who are only in Year 6 –
have set up their own business.
1 a–b Learners’ own answers.
c The Dead Sea (in fact a hypersaline lake) is
2 a –et one of the world’s saltiest bodies of water.
b ‘THEY’ Notice board: d Homework – although I hate doing it –
ballet bouquet buffet
 helps me be an independent learner.
crochet croquet duvet
e My holiday in Greece, my best holiday
sachet sorbet
ever, was almost three years ago.
‘EDIT’ Notice board:
2 Learners’ own answers.
banquet basket carpet
closet cornet  racket trumpet 3 a is b are c is d have e was
3–4 Learners’ own answers. 4 a fewer b less c each d both e Enough
5 soprano – the highest type of female singing
voice
4.4 Begin planning a longer
orchestra – a large group of musicians playing story
many different instruments together and led 1 a Present tense.
by a conductor
b Learners’ own answers, e.g. arrives, go,
solo – a single performer piano – a musical
offers, are, looks.
instrument with keys and strings
opera – a musical play in which most of the c It gives a sense of permanence – a timeless
words are sung quality.
alto – the lowest female voice or the highest 2 a After four years, their spaceship arrived
male voice and touched down. The voyagers explored
allegro – lively, at a brisk pace the strange landscape, tested the water,
tempo – a musical term for time (the timing or breathed the air, and found out if they
beat of the music) could eat the plants and grow their seeds.
6 o and a. The plants were like glass, sharp and shiny
like jewels and easily broken. But the lake
7 Learners’ own answers.
was more inviting. Pattie, as the youngest
8 Possible answers: pasta  mozzarella  al dente  traveller, named the planet Shine.
au gratin béchamel biscotti broccoli 
b It makes it sound more like narrative
canapé cappuccino flambée fondue 

in a book, fixing it as if the events have
gelato macaroni pepperoni  purée
already happened.
salami sauté
3 a Left to right – row by row: 2, 5, 4, 1, 7, 3, 6.
4.2 Step into their shoes b Everyone will be overjoyed when (if) the
children are fine; they will realise they will
1 Learners’ own answers.
be able to live on the strange, glassy wheat
2 a elegant b absent c important d adolescent crop. Father will turn the old moth wings
e magnificent f significant g tolerant into thread to make clothes. Slowly, the
h confident i ignorant j present k brilliant people will realise that they will have a
l dependent future after all. Joe will find Pattie’s green
3 a accountancy b consistency c truancy book which will now be full of writing.
d tenancy e fluency f frequency g efficiency Father will read it out to everybody – it
h buoyancy i transparency j leniency will be the story of the people of Shine.
4 Learners’ own answers.
4.3 Useful punctuation and
grammar tips 4.5 Going back and looking into
1 a I take part in two sports, basketball and the future
golf, that require lots of practice. 1 a–b Learners’ own answers.

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2 P ossible answer: Axel and his uncle see an 4.7 Working with chapters,
unusual light filling the cavern.
paragraphs and connectives
3 It must be electrical.
4 a No; the illuminating power of this light, 1 a before – sequencing; b so – cause and effect /
its trembling diffusiveness, its bright, clear sequencing; c although – contrasting; 
whiteness, and its low temperature, showed that d so – cause and effect; as soon as –
it must be of electric origin. b cosmic sequencing.
5 The prefix sub– is added to terra to make a 2 Learners’ own answers.
word meaning ‘below earth’ ‘subterraneus’ 3 a because; b before; c while; d so that;
(Latin) when the suffix –an is added. e although.
6 Learners’ own answers. 4 I wanted to explore the planet because I was
interested in how it would compare with
4.6 Working with voices and Earth. Before I started, I explained to Prahlad
everything that we would do. In addition,
moods I gave him a notepad and pen to record his
1 a The first column has the active sentences observations. At last, we were ready to explore.
and the second column the passive First, we tested the ground and the rocks,
sentences. which seemed to be quite soft. Next, we drank
b  a → iii  b → v  c → i  d → ii  e → vi  the red river water although not without some
f → iv nervousness. Finally, we made sketches of the
2 Possible answers: plants, noting they were blue compared to the
green we were used to on Earth.
a The family always prepares the food.
b The coach gave the ball to the best player. 4.8 Write paragraphs
c The children will decorate the street for the describing fictional surroundings
festival.
d Jules Verne wrote several science-fiction 1–3 Learners’ own answers.
novels.
e The chef opened the can of tomatoes.
4.9 Going forward in time
3 Possible answers – phrases and adverbs may 1 a now; b as soon as; c first; d or; e next; 
appear in different places in the sentences. f so; g and; h then i but.
a A warm glowing heat was given off by the 2–3 Learners’ own answers.
sun.
b The learners’ uniforms were checked by
4.10 Spelling, punctuation and
the teacher for tidiness. grammar
c The stick was chewed into pieces by the 1 a incredible b unsupportable c visible
dog. d fashionable e desirable f legible g sizeable
d The boy’s wound was gently washed by h flexible i responsible
the nurse. 2 Learners’ own answers.
e The horses were patted after the race by 3 a actor b sailor c worker d builder e tutor
several riders. f dictator g editor h dancer i runner j driver
4 A hole was dug by Axel in the sand. The k inventor l survivor
Professor folded his jacket up on a nearby 4 Learners’ own answers.
boulder to stay dry. Something hard was
struck by Axel’s spade, making a metal on
metal sound. Quickly the Professor and Axel
cleared the hole with their hands. The object
was picked up by Axel slowly and carefully.
It was stared at by them both, saying nothing
at first. Suddenly a faint glow and a low hum
were started to be given off by the object …

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5 H J D P U R N W Z D J E E I S 4.12 Take part in a

E L B I T S E G G U S L K N K Readaloudathon
Q L J L Z R E K S B B B F S A 1 Possible answers:
S H B Y A L O T A I D A F P T a The enormous Vogon grabbed at Arthur.
K W F I B U I N S M R E J E E
b Ford and Arthur raced back as fast as
they could.
N R I A T F G R R M A C O C R
c Although travelling in space is exciting,
K U V M I R E H E E P I E T O not everyone would enjoy it.
Q O F A M V E R A E V T G O T d Arthur was aghast and scared to see the
L T B N E E V V L B V O Z R C
Vogon.
e The panicked friends gripped on to the
F L Z R W Q R I N H L N G U E
useful Hitchhiker’s Guide.
E Q E P O R G F G O Q E N M R
2 Arthur decided to give Ford a peace of his
C O U N C I L L O R C B L Q I mind. ‘Of coarse you wood say this is normal
A C P O B R O Y E V R U S L D
but its knot. Nun of the things that have
happened are normal. You are sew shore that
M O K L E G I B L E S M L O Z won of these Vogons won’t find us. I don’t no
T R E L L E T W S P D J V T F how ewe can bee sow confident. As far as I am
concerned, we knead to get out of hear in the
next our if we don’t want to get court. At the
4.11 Finish your story moment, we are just a pear of sitting ducks
1 T he problem is that Earth has been waiting to be maid into mincemeat by sum
obliterated. It means that you won’t be able grate, green, alien beast. Witch door did you
to go home ever again. But don’t worry, the say is the whey out?’
universe is full of fascinating places. You 3 Arthur decided to give Ford a piece of his
could choose to live anywhere. You’ll see – mind. ‘Of course you would say this is normal
you will hardly miss it after a while. but it’s not. None of the things that have
2 ‘Where is your courage?’ snapped Ford happened are normal. You are so sure that one
Prefect. ‘It’s never deserted you before.’ of these Vogons won’t find us. I don’t know
how you can be so confident. As far as I am
 ‘But look!’ screeched a terrified voice. concerned, we need to get out of here in the
 ‘That’s the Dentrassi!’ exclaimed Ford. ‘I’d next hour if we don’t want to get caught. At
know that ugly appearance anywhere.’ the moment, we are just a pair of sitting ducks
 ‘What’s that noise?’ waiting to be made into mincemeat by some
3–4 Learners’ own answers. great, green, alien beast. Which door did you
say is the way out?’

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5 The facts of the matter

5.1 Poles apart d A main clause: A clause that can stand
alone as a sentence, containing a subject
1 Accept any reasonable answers. For example: and a finite verb.
a but e A subordinate (dependent) clause, also
b whereas called a subordinate clause or conditional
c Although clause. A clause, usually introduced by
a connective, that forms part of and is
d while
dependent on a main clause.
e however
2 a Complex.
f on the other hand
b Simple / Compound.
2 Learners’ own ideas.
c Complex.
3 Learners’ own paragraphs.
d Simple.
5.2 A news report e Compound.
3 a If it stops raining, the match will resume.
1–4 Learners’ own work
b You can go out to play unless it rains.
5.3 Support a view c When it snows, it will be cold.
1 Learners’ own rules. d As long as you take an umbrella, you can
go outside.
2 A fact can be proved; an opinion is what
someone thinks or believes. e We can go on holiday, provided you are
well.
3 Example answers
f If they all take their jackets, they will be
a  Animal habitats are destroyed by climate warm.
change.
4 Learners’ own sentences.
b Deforestation is destroying all our forests.
c Climate change affects everyone. 5.5 Keep it formal
d Animals suffer due to human activity.
1 u sual, standard, informal, impersonal, first,
e The Earth is being destroyed. should not
4 Learners’ own opinions. 2 a the report b the planet c a/the teacher/an
d the environment e a/the solution, a bicycle.
5.4 Express possibility
3 I am, I have, I had, I will, we are, we have, we
1 a A simple sentence: A basic sentence with would, we will, they are, they have, they had/
one independent (or main) clause. would, they will, have not, must not, could
b A compound sentence: A sentence that not, would not, cannot, will not, do not,
has at least two independent (or main) would have, should have.
clauses that have related ideas. The 4 a [Active] Responsibility must be taken by
independent clauses are joined by a individuals.
coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, b [Passive] Everyone must complete the
but, or, yet, so). homework on climate change.
c A complex sentence: A sentence that has c [Active] A survey will be conducted by the
an independent (or main) clause and at learners.
least one dependent (or subordinate)
clause. In a complex sentence, the d [Passive] You must implement a plan.
independent clause shares the main e [Active] The area must be cleaned up by
information, and the dependent clause(s) the council before it becomes a problem.
provide details. f [Passive] The class must complete the
report.

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5.6 A balanced report d Leaders could make a difference but they

don’t always do what they should.
1 A ny reasonable features such as: heading,
e Children might lead the way when it
introduction, conclusion, points for and
comes to finding a solution.
against, formal standard English, impersonal
language …
5.8 and 5.9  Present a balanced
2 Example answers:
view
a Action may be needed to reduce air
pollution created by the traffic on our 1–4 Learners’ own work.
roads.
b Two sides. Cars should be banned from 5.10  A strong viewpoint
city centres. Cars should not be banned 1 E
 xample answers: synonyms: practical,
from sensible, realistic, responsible, reasonable,
city centres. rational, logical, sound, sober, no-nonsense,
c •   ban: forbid, prohibit pragmatic, level-headed
• significant: notable, noteworthy, key Antonyms: partial, biased, distorted,
jaundiced, lopsided, one-sided, predisposed,
• emissions: discharge, production or
prejudiced, slanted and unfair
outflow (of gas or radiation fumes)
2 Any reasonable answers.
• mode: way or manner
Example answers:
d Learners’ own answers supported with
(1) hit – (2) strike – (3) beat – (4) attack
reasons. For example: It is relevant to
those with cars or who travel to cities (1) helper – (2) partner – (3) ally – (4)
because they will have to change the way collaborator
they travel. It is relevant to governments (1) tussle – (2) argue – (3) fight – (4) battle
and leaders because they must make the (1) fine – (2) stylish – (3) chic – (4) elegant
rules. It is relevant to everyone because we
3 Learners’ own sentences.
all live with the effects of air pollution.
e Learners’ own answers. 5.11  Pick a side
3 Learners summarise using key words and
1–3 Learners’ own written work.
headings.

5.7 Language techniques 5.12  Have a class debate

1 A
 debate is a formal discussion in a public
1 a might – change
meeting about a subject on which people have
b can – drive different views.
c could – eat Rules can include: one person speaks at a
d should – make time; listen carefully; consider the other
e might – find person’s view;
f would – enjoy be persuasive but be polite; don’t get personal;
focus on the facts; don’t talk for too long …
2 Learners’ own sentences for the following:
2 Example answers:
a should ... b might ... c may ...
a It is a global issue which humans have
d ought ... e would ... caused and humans should solve.
3 Example sentences: b Everyone must be involved to solve the
a Animals could become extinct if we don’t problem. Assess your rubbish, analyse it
protect them. and reuse it.
b Unless we all pay attention, the global c Learners’ own responses.
problems will increase daily. d The first step, following this, last, but not
c Young people may have the solution to least, clearly
the problem so leaders should listen to e Accept any reasonable examples.
them.
3 Learners’ own work.

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6 Poetry at play
6.1 Poetic licence
1 A
 ny similar answer to: The freedom to change or break the rules of
conventional language.
2 a  commas, semicolons, full stops, brackets, hyphens, colons,
question marks, inverted commas, apostrophes, exclamation mark.
b  No, to make a visual impact, to support the message.
c frustrated, rebellious, mischievous.
d  Answers may vary but should include full sentences and correct
punctuation, e.g. One day, I’m going to pick up all the commas,
semicolons and full stops I’ve ever used. I’m going to roll them
up with all the brackets, hyphens, colons, question marks, inverted
commas and apostrophes. Then I’ll throw them all out again
as one big exclamation mark! (There is less impact when
written correctly.)
3 Learners’ own research and answers.

6.2 A string of words

1 Learners’ own words.
2 Learners add to the following:
dead meat great threat heard
bed suite straight debt bird

3 Learners’ own explanations for the following, or similar examples:

by buy bye
to too two
their there they’re
we’re wear where
very fairy vary
saw sore soar

4 L
 earners’ own sentences. Example: I heard a dog bark. The dead tree
lost its bark.

6.3 Patterns and shapes

1 Accept any of the following:

A – Has five lines with 1-2-3-4-1 words on B – Has five lines with 2-4-6-8-2 syllables
each line.
Line 1 and line 5: two syllables, links to the
Line 1 and line 5: one word, links to the title title
Line 2: two adjectives separated by commas Line 2: four syllables
Line 3: has –ing verbs separated by commas Line 3: six syllables
Line 4: a four-word phrase Line 4: eight syllables

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2 Nouns (common and Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

abstract) (comparative and
superlative)
creation creative create creatively
imagination imaginative imagine imaginatively
attraction attractive attract attractively
obedience obedient obey obediently
love loving love lovingly
softness soft soften softly
success successful succeed successfully
breath breathless breathe breathlessly

3 Learners’ own answers. 1 a gree – sea; dough – know; fair – rare; flower
– hour; heart – part; lime – thyme; nought –
6.4 Follow the rules sort; puff – rough; saw – sore; should – wood;
six – sticks;
1–3 Learners’ own work.
The following rhyming words are included in
6.5 Laugh with limericks the word search as extension: away – whey, –
true, pie –, steer – weir
N R Q E H W Z W N T Z I T Z B 2 There was an Old Man with a beard
H T X Z U G E S Q M M A H I F Who said, “It is just as I feared!
F L O W E R U I I C D S Y H L
Two Owls and a Hen,
Four Larks and a Wren,
I G M P X T T O R X W K M H N
Have all built their nests in my beard!”
I N U E A E R Y D T H C E G S
3 Learners’ own research.
H F P G R A I O V Z E I X U M
F D R A A F E J S N Y T O O Y 6.6 Play with words
I E R W T H E W E D O S Q R I
Learners’ own limericks.
E A A R D X O R L O X U R V R
I Y A F O Z P U F A I R G Z Y
H E E Q O A O T R J Q N W H E
H G S G W H K E R O S A G K T
L I M E S N N Q P Q S Y P G L
R E E T S Q O T R A P I Q T V
X Z B P R P W B T F E D B B N

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7 A different medium
7.1 A multimedia novel 2 Spine
• Title – to be able to identify book when in
1 A ccept all sensible answers. Possible answers:
a shelf.
a smashed; b glanced; c stashed; d glared;
e wandered • Author’s name.
2 Possible examples: darted, bolted, bounded, Back cover
dashed, ambled, marched, meandered, • Blurb – a taste of the plot to attract
plodded, slinked, sprinted, strutted, toddled, readers to the book.
traipsed, raced, gallivanted, strode, scrambled,
• Mini review – to indicate how good the
hurtled, hurried, trekked, wandered, wafted,
book is to read.
gadded, flounced
3 Possible answers: saw – spied; pulled – • Background illustrations – to give a
dragged; new – birthday; powerful – vigorous; flavour of the book.
suck up – swallow; small – tiny; let out a cry • Content list – to give an idea of the book’s
– squealed/shrieked; went – rushed; took – organisation.
grabbed; pulled – yanked; looked carefully – • Page numbers – to show where each part
peered; get – extract/rescue; of the book or chapter begins.
frightened – terrified; looked up – gazed.
3 a They indicate surprise and mystery.
7.2 Language matters b Back to front.
c It creates suspense and encourages the
1 a but; b or; c so; d yet; e for.
reader to want to read the story inside.
2 a u  nless – complex; b so – compound;
d Mystery, action – adventure based on
c because – complex; d but – compound;
what is in a box that has been found.
e when – complex.
e Learners’ own answers, but something
3 Sensible answers from: change in time, person,
along the lines of the boy finds out how to
topic or place – or a new speaker.
open the box.
4 a simple; b compound; c complex;
f Two pages.
d compound; e complex; f simple.
g Learners’ own answers, but maybe
7.3 and 7.4 Plan and write an something about how the box got to the
beach.
illustrated episode
h Learners’ own answers.
1–3 Learners’ own work.
7.6 Shion
7.5 Introducing manga
1–3 Learners’ own answers.
1 O
 rder may vary. Accept sensible variations.
Judge how many are appropriate to note for 7.7 Medium matters
each learner.
1–3 Learners’ own answers.
Front cover
• Title – to identify the book. 7.8 All the world’s a stage
• Picture/illustration – to give an impression
1 a playwright; b know; c wrote; d There;
of plot/main idea (to attract reader).
e four; f two; g see; h pairs; i which; j feet.
• Volume number – to say which book it is 2 a has; b enjoys; c was; d is; e appears.
in the series.
3 a Learners’ own stage directions – script as
• Author name – to say who wrote the story. below.
• Art – to say who drew the artwork in the   Viola: (looking thoughtful) Who is Olivia?
manga novel.   Captain: She is the daughter of a count.
• Punctuation to show surprise and mystery. The count died and left her to be

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looked after by her brother. But and Rose Makwenda, Timour Hall Primary
would you know it – he also died School.
shortly after … (shaking his head) 3 a This is what will be in your geography
  Viola: What a sad thing! Does she favour test: continents, oceans, seas, the equator,
the Duke Orsino’s suit? the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, and
  Captain: No one knows my good lady, for capital cities.
she will see no man admitted to b I can’t believe where we are going on
her house so much is she grieving holiday: Hawaii!
the death of her poor brother. c The principal said: “Please sit down.”
  Viola: Well … (folding her arms) d Ingredients: tomatoes, lettuce leaves,
b Learners’ own answers. cucumber, radishes and spring onions.
e Mother: Remember not to open the
7.9 What has changed? window in this storm.
1  Shion: I wish I could open the window
M just a little bit …
A

I Y 7.11 Shakespeare alive

T N
1 L abels: frame 1 – thought bubble; frame 2 –
I I O
two speech bubbles and narrative; frames 3
I T I S N O T
and 4 – sound effects; frame 5 – three speech
C W V
bubbles, emphasis in capitals and exclamation
R A E
marks, ellipsis; advert/note to read next week.
2 Accept any Roman numerals for Act and
N U S R

Scene numbers.
E V E R S H A L L N O T

V H O

B E T W E E N I T W A S
Atticus: (thinking to himself) I wish I
R D
could open this box. I know I got
it from the junk dealer but I was
so drawn to it …
2 a adjective, adjective (compound), noun A year later, Atticus is still puzzling over his
b Learners’ own answers. box. He never let’s it out of his sight.
3 a Because they are exclamations. Name: Oh! Atticus I wish you’d let me
b They are compound adjectives; Learners’ try.
own answers. Atticus: But I’ve tried everything.
c Learners’ own answers. A crashing, squeaking and banging sound
occurs. Atticus and Name look shocked and
7.10 Using language nervous. (Be flexible about how they write this
out.)
1 a The hall was silent; only the distant
whispering behind scenes could be heard. Atticus: What did we do?
b The play was a great success; all the actors Name: Nothing, nothing! Ooooh!
remembered their lines perfectly. Atticus: Wait! LOOK …
c In summer it is warm and dry; in winter it Read next week’s instalments to find out what
is cold and wet. Atticus has seen.
d The athletes were exhausted; it was a long, 3 Learners’ own answers.
gruelling race.
e Lindiwe’s mother is a lawyer; my mother 7.12 Write your own playscript
is a doctor. 1–3 Learners’ own answers.
2 The winners of the local art competition were
Jo Ackerman, Rustenberg Junior School;
Vuyiswa Doo, Bergvliet Primary School;
Willem van Biljon, Greenway Junior School;

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8 Make it happen
8.1 Weigh up waste 3 L
 earners’ own notes can include:
Similarities: persuasive language, includes
1 Learners’ own work.
facts and opinions, has an interesting headline,
2 a displease, mistake, misunderstand; b includes quotations, uses third-person
ungrateful, nontoxic, unclean; c unreliable, narrative, is divided into paragraphs …
unimportant, inexpensive; d impatient, illegal,
Differences: a newspaper provides daily news,
impossible; e disuse, decompose, depart
it is printed daily, has a specific news format
3 a recount: retell a story; re-count: count that includes facts in the first paragraph,
something again usually provides only the most recent part of a
b repress: to stop something; re-press: to story; a magazine provides weekly or monthly
iron something again real-life stories that may or may not be recent,
c recover: to get better; re-cover: to cover sometimes uses the second-person narrative
something again ‘you’ to speak directly to the reader …
d refuse: v. to be unwilling or n. rubbish ;
re-fuse: to fit another fuse
8.3 Language and features
e resort: a place to go on holiday; re-sort: to 1 a  That is the bicycle I would like to buy.
sort out something again. b This is the teacher with whom you must
go.
8.2 An article to startle c These are the volunteers who want to help
1 Example answers: us.
a The founder of soleRebels Footwear. d The two girls, whose names were on the
list, did not arrive.
b To make shoes/create jobs.
e Is this the question which/that you do not
c 2004 in Africa.
understand?
d For showing leadership and business
2 a To whom would you like the flowers
skills.
delivered?
e By using local skills, natural resources and
b To whom were you speaking?
business opportunities.
c From whom did the parcel come?
f Accept any reasonable answer based on
the text. d To whom did you send the letter?
2 a Purpose: to inform. Audience: e To whom does the honour go?
entrepreneurs or young people 3 Accept any similar answers:
interested in business or social projects. a ‘Whom’ is the object form of ‘who’ (Sam
Language: friendly but formal, factual is the boy whom (object) I sit next to. I sit
and biographical. Format: heading and next to Sam who (subject) is a boy.
paragraphs/sections.
b ‘That’ or ‘which’ can be interchangeable
b Both. Factual because it gives facts and but it is usual in a defining clause to use
persuasive because it aims to impress the that and to use which in non-defining
reader. clauses. So ‘that’ provides essential
c A heading and short paragraphs is appealing information, ‘which’ provides non-
to readers because it looks interesting and essential information.
easy to read.
d It is a play on the word ‘sole/soul’. It
draws the reader in and links the shoes to
the reader’s soul or heart – representing
love and meaning.
e Accept any reasonable answer based on
the text.

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8.4 Punctuation with purpose 8.6 Clauses to clarify

1 1 H
 ow to make a planting pot; You need a
, comma … ellipses plastic 2L bottle; To begin, lie the bottle
on its side; Cut a 10 cm opening in the ‘top’
( ) brackets/parenthesis ! exclamation side, and poke holes in the ‘bottom’ side;
Use the opening to fill it with soil; Finally,
- dash (or hyphen) ? question mark
plant seeds and water the soil; If you water
colon daily, your seeds will grow.
: “ ” inverted commas
2 a Once the paper has soaked for a few
2 a True hours, mash it up using your hands.
b True b If you would rather not get your hands
c True dirty, use a blender to mix the pulp into a
d True. smooth paste.
Learners’ own examples. c If you don’t want to wait too long, use
hot water instead of warm water.
3 a The teacher wants Inam, Neo, Bekkie,
Jo and Di to present their speeches next d If it’s necessary, add more water to
week. moisten it.
b To fill in the form, you should print neatly e When the pulp is smooth, make a gluey
using a black pen without making any paste by adding flour.
mistakes. f In order to make it last, store it in an air-
c You can have extra time to finish, tight container until you need it.
however, it must be done by tomorrow. 3 a Ask an adult to help you, if you need to
d The book was exciting, interesting, fun boil water.
and easy to read. b If you want to bake a cake, you will need
e Since I’d also like to see the film, maybe all the ingredients.
we should go to see it together. c You can continue with your art, if you
4 Accept any reasonable variations: finish your work.
a The class all voted ‘yes’ to going home d If you want a cooked breakfast, you must
early. boil the eggs.
b She replied, ‘I’d love some more.’ e You must clean up, if you make a mess.
c This ice-cream has delicious, out-of-this- 4 Learners’ own sentences.
world flavours.
d He received the title of ‘Best Young
8.7 Make something
Recycler’ of the year. 1–3 Learners’ own work.
e I think we (you and I) should redo this
work. 8.8 Demonstrate
f I can join you, if you like, for the clean- 1 Accept any reasonable ideas.
up. 2 X Your voice must be very loud.
5 Learners’ own sentences. ü Your voice must be clear with a varied tone.
X Keep your eyes open all the time.
8.5 Follow instructions
ü Maintain good eye contact with the
1 tear, put, add, leave, mix, squeeze, add, store audience.
2 a countable: bowl, container, hands; X Always stand still.
b uncountable: water, flour, pulp, paste, tea; ü Use body language effectively.
c both: paper, egg, glass
X Make sure the audience pays attention.
3 Learners’ own sentences.
ü Keep the audience interested with clear,
direct instructions.

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X Visual props are essential to improve any 8.10 Summarise

speech.
1 A
 ccept various answers within reason – focus
ü Use visual props to support your speech
should be on important nouns, verbs and
and add impact if necessary.
adjectives.
3 Learners’ own work.
a  Recycling is something we can all do to
help save our environment from further
8.9 Facts and opinions about damage.
recycling b It is important that everyone becomes
1 a  biodegrade, rechargeable more aware of how to reduce, re-use and
b manufacturing, rechargeable recycle their waste.
c non-biodegradable, cost-effective, oil- c It is a challenge to try to re-use any
based plastic you bring into your home or your
workspace.
d perhaps even centuries; years ago,
however, furthermore … d Every small act can make a big difference
if we all act together.
2 Accept any reasonable facts and opinions.
e  Our world will be cleaner and healthier if
3 Learners’ own answers. we all use less and recycle more.
2 Learners’ own notes.
3 Learners’ own words.

8.11 and 8.12  Create a

magazine article
1–4 Learners’ own work.

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9 A moment in time
9.1 When you look at a painting 2 Learners’ own answers.
3 Possible answers:
1
a simile – a  direct comparison using ‘like’
A K J C A K M U E I O C B P N
or ‘as’
Y U U A N L X U W E O P O N E
b metaphor – a comparison without using
O M A N A L L I L C H M I W E ‘like’
M Q S T I F K I O B E C J M T or ‘as’
I U A A R D A N D G E A Y A S c personification – giving human qualities
R A B L U V U V R A C R T L O to an object or idea
E T E O D T J A A K N I R D G d alliteration – repetition of consonant
H K R U V B N L F U U A K Y N sounds
C T R P M A L R F R G X R W A e onomatopoeia – giving words to sounds
Q J I E T I U R F E P A R G M f assonance – repetition of vowel sound.
R B E E D I V D A N A N A B C
V R S O T J A B U T I C A B A
9.3 There for a moment
E L P P A E N I P M A R U L A 1–3 Learners’ own answers.
B A K I R A M B U T A N H B B
S L S B W A P W A P R T E O K
9.4 Features for effect
1 Learners’ own questions.
2–4 Learners’ own answers.
2 Learners’ own answers.
9.2 Poetic form and features 3 Learners’ own answers.

1 Possible answers: 9.5 A jewel

haiku – set number of lines, stanza, rhyme,
1–3 Learners’ own answers.
syllabification
shape – no form, shape, may have rhyme, 9.6 ‘Encapsulate’ a moment
rhythm, repetition
limerick – set number of lines, rhyme, rhythm,
in time
may have repetition 1–3 Learners’ own answers.
couplet – rhyme, rhythm, set number of lines
cinquain – set number of lines, syllabification,
stanza
free verse – no form

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