Gateway 2 unit 3: The Gifts of Youth

1-Vocabulary:
Here is a list of qualities and their meanings

Quality Meaning
Adventure willingness to take the risk.

Imagination the mental ability to form new ideas

Passion intense enjoyment, interest, or excitement

Ambition A strong desire to do or achieve something

Vigor physical strength or good health

Creativity the ability to generate new methods or innovative ideas

Vitality the state of being strong and active

Talent natural aptitude, ability or skill

Audacity courage, fearless, disposition to do something

Here is a list of nouns and adjectives related to qualities of youth

Nouns Vitality imagination Passion Talent Audacity Enthusiasm Skill vigor

Adjectives Vital Imaginative Passionate Talented Audacious Enthusiastic Skilful Vigorous

adventure Courage motivation creativity Ambition Gift

Adventurous courageous Motivated creative ambitious gifted

Generation gap
old-fashioned, intolerant, severe, bossy, undemocratic, mean, nosy,
Some Youth think adults are:
authoritarian

Some Adults think youths are: rebellious, intolerant, strong-headed, thoughtless, careless, immature,
untidy, disobedient, adventurous.
 Idiomatic expressions

an Idiom is an expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its separate words. It rather has a separate
meaning of its own. here are some examples:

• Rain cats and dogs: to rain heavily. It's raining cats and dogs.
• In the bag: Certain or extremely likely to occur. Don't worry about the final exam. It's in the bag.
• Dead loss: something described as a dead loss is absolutely unsuccessful or useless (a complete failure)
When it comes to maths, my sister is a dead loss.
• With flying colors: easily and excellently. They had their exam with flying colors.
• Be a cold fish: be a person who is distant and unfeeling. He rarely talks to his colleagues. He's a cold fish.
• A bad penny refers to a person or thing which is unpleasant, dishonorable, or unwanted that is likely to
reappear, particularly at inconvenient times.
Hard to swallow: something Hard to swallow is Difficult to believe.

2-Functions/communication: Expressing Complaints:

What is a complaint?
A complaint is expressing displeasure or discontent about a situation or an event.

REMEMBER. Complain (verb) Complaint (noun)

1-Making complaints
Making complaints can be done with different statements or expressions that introduce your displeasure or
discontent. A direct complaint can be considered as rude or even impolite.

1. I have got a bit of problem here, you see…………………

2. I am afraid I have to make a serious complaint
3. I just don’t know how to say it but,…………………………
4. Look, I’m not really satisfied with the way you…………
5. I am in the obligation of saying that……….
6. I have a serious complaint about………….
7. I have been patient long enough, but……………
8. I want to complain about….
9. Excuse me if I’m out of line, but…
10. There may have been a misunderstanding about…
11. I’m sorry to bother you, but..

2-Responding to complaints

Accepting complaints b- Rejecting complaints

1. I do apologize for… 1. Well, I’m afraid there is nothing we
2. I must apologize for… can do about it actually.
3. I apologize for… 2. I’m afraid there isn’t much we can do
4. I’d like to apologize for… about it.
5. I am so sorry for…
 6. I shouldn’t have…
7. It’s all my fault.
8. I’m ashamed of…
9. Please, forgive me for…
10. Excuse me for …
11. I’m terribly sorry for…
12. Pardon me for this…
13. Please, forgive me for my….
14. Please, accept my apologies for…

3-Grammar: Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs consist of a verb + a particle (preposition, adverb).

The particle can change the meaning of the verb completely.

For example:

• look up – consult a reference book (look a word up in a dictionary)

• look for – seek (look for her ring)
• look forward – anticipate with pleasure (look forward to meeting someone)

Here is a list of phrasal verbs with their meanings.

• GO
To go away To leave a place or a person’s company.

To go ahead To do something as planned.

To go by To pass (for time); to pass a place.

To go in To enter.

To go down To get smaller or decrease.

To go on To continue; to happen.

• GET
To get accross To cause to be understood, transmit.

To get around To become known, circulate.

To get away with To escape the (negative) consequences of something.

To get by To manage to survive in spite of difficulties.

To get in To go inside a car, a bus, etc.

To get into To become interested in; to fit in.

To get on To continue doing an activity, make progress.

To get on with To have a friendly relationship.

To get off To leave a bus, train, plane, etc.

To get over To recover from an illness, overcome a problem.

 • GIVE
To give away To give something without asking for anything in exchange.

To give back To return something to somebody.

To give in To stop trying, surrender.

To give out To distribute.

To give off To emit, release (a smell, light…)

To give up To stop doing something such as smoking.

• COME
To come accross To encounter something or somebody by change.

To come along To appear, arrive.

To come out To become available or known (book, movie, news…)

To come round To recover consciousness.

To come through To survive, endure; succeed in doing something.

To come up A topic: to be raised or mentioned.

• LOOK
To look after To take care of.

To look ahead To see what is in front, to think of the future.

To look at To watch, observe.

To look around To examine the surrounding area.

To look back To look behind, to think of the past.

To look down on To consider oneself superior to.

To look for To search for.

To look forward to To await with excitement.

To look out To be attentive, careful.

To look up To search for in reference work (dictionaries, etc.)

• MAKE
To make for To head towards.

To make out To see, perceive.

To make up To become reconciled after a quarrel.

To make sth up To invent or imagine something.

To make up for To compensate for.

• PUT
To put aside To save (money)

To put sb down To humiliate, speak ill of somebody.

To put forward To propose, suggest.

To put off (1) To postpone or delay until later.

To put off (2) To discourage, deter.

To put out To extinguish (cigarette, light…)

To put through To connect to somebody on the phone.

To put sb up To accommodate.

To put up with To tolerate or endure somebody or something.

• TAKE
To take after To resemble somebody (family member)

To take in To understand, absorb.

To take on To employ somebody.

To take off (1) To depart (plane)

To take off (2) To remove clothing.

To take out To invite on a date.

To take over To assume control or charge of.

To take up To start (a hobby)

• OTHERS
To bring about To provoke, cause to happen.

To bring up To raise, educate.

To break into To enter by force.

To break out To begin suddenly.

To break up To separate, split.

To cut down on To reduce (mainly for health reasons)

To clear up To tidy up; to become clear (weather)

To keep on To persist in doing something.

To pass away To die (euphemism)

To pick up To grasp and lift; to collect somebody in a vehicle.

To run away To flee, escape.

To run out of To have none left of something.

To set up To establish, found.

To set off To begin a journey.

To stand out To be remarkable, noticeable.

To throw away To get rid of as useless.

To work out To do exercise.

4-Writing: Cause and Effect Essay
In cause/effect essay you discuss the causes (reasons) for something, effects (results) or both causes and effects of
something.

I. Introduction

Explanation of the issue

II. Body

• Paragraph one: Causes

A. 1st cause.
B. 2nd cause.
C. 3rd cause.

• Paragraph two: effects

A. First effect.
B. Second effect.
C. Third effect.

III. Conclusion

State a summary of your point of view.

——————————————————————-

I. Introduction
…………………………. is a serious matter/issue/phenomenon that……………..threatens/affects…
...............................................................................negatively/positively. It is the outcome of different reasons and
of course, it has several… ..............effects too. I am going t shed lights on both causes and consequences of
………………...

II. Body
There are several/numerous/plenty of reasons behind .........................(the subject you are discussing)
………………... To begin with, …………(1st cause)……………. Next, ..................(2nd
cause)…………………….. In addition to this, ……………(3rd cause)…................................(your subject
matter)………….leads to different consequences/results/effects. Firstly…………(1st effect)…………….
Secondly, ……………..(2nd effect)………..Thirdly, ………….(3rd effect)……………….

III. Conclusion
As mentioned before, …………(your subject matter)… ...............has many effects on
…………………………. Hence there are numbers of measures to be taken urgently. First
………………second……………………………………finally……………………..