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Digital Thermometer Abc

The document discusses the design and implementation of a simple digital thermometer circuit without a microcontroller. It uses three ICs - CA3162, CA3161 and LM35. LM35 acts as the temperature sensor. CA3162 converts the analog temperature reading to digital BCD format. CA3161 then drives a 7-segment display. The circuit design, working, assembly and applications of thermometers are explained.

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Maged Aldhaeebi
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35 views8 pages

Digital Thermometer Abc

The document discusses the design and implementation of a simple digital thermometer circuit without a microcontroller. It uses three ICs - CA3162, CA3161 and LM35. LM35 acts as the temperature sensor. CA3162 converts the analog temperature reading to digital BCD format. CA3161 then drives a 7-segment display. The circuit design, working, assembly and applications of thermometers are explained.

Uploaded by

Maged Aldhaeebi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

DIGITAL THEMOMETER

Done by:
1-Abdulqader mohammed AL-jefri
2-Ahmed abdullah AL-sedy

supervision :
Dr. Maged ALdhaeebi
Table of Content

1. introduction ........................................................................... 3
2. design methodology ............................................................... 4
3. results and discussion ............................................................ 6
4. conclusion .............................................................................. 7
5. References.............................................................................. 8
1. introduction

A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient (the


degree of hotness or coldness of an object). A thermometer has two important
elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer
or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs
with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a
numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass
thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely
used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine,
and in scientific research.
2. design methodology

A simple digital thermometer circuit with out a micro controller and having a seven
segment LED read out is shown here. The circuit is based on three ICs: CA3162,
CA3161 and LM35. CA3162 is a monolithic analogue to digital (A/D) converter that
has BCD output. The A/D converter inside the IC is a dual slope type with
differential inputs. The IC has an internal timing circuitry and hold function. When
the hold function is enables, the output IC latches itself to the present state. CA3161
is a monolithic BCD to seven segment converter IC. It can directly drive a seven
segment display and there is no need for current limiting resistors. LM35 is a three
terminal precision temperature sensor IC from National semiconductors. The output
of LM35 is highly linear and has a scale factor of 10mV/C. The IC consumes only
60uA as standby current and is calibrated directly in degree Celsius.

IC LM35 is used for sensing the temperatures. A voltage proportional to the


temperature will be available at pin 2 of the LM35 and this voltage is coupled to the
high input pin (pin11) of the CA3162. CA3162 does the job of converting this
analogue voltage in to a BCD format. POT R1 connected at pin 13 of the CA3162
.is used for gain adjustment while POT R2 can be used for ZERO adjustment
Capacitor C2 is the integrating capacitor of the A/D converter circuitry inside the
IC. The working of the CA3162 is as follows, the voltage applied to the input pin
(pin11) is converted into a current (using the built in V/I convert er circuit) that
charges the integrating capacitor C2 for a preset amount of them. Then the
integrating is disconnected from the V/I converter circuit and a reference constant
current source is connected to the integrating capacitor. The time taken for the
charge to restore to its original value is noted and the number of clock cycles elapsed
during this time will be a measure of the charge induced by the input voltage
(voltage applied to pin 11). The point of restoration is sensed using an internal
comparator which latches the counter and the count is then multiplexed into the
BCD outputs and the entire cycle is repeated. The hold pin CA3162 (pin6) can be
used for running the IC in different modes. When the hold pin is grounded or left
open the IC runs in low speed mode (sampling rate is 4Hz). When hold pin is held
at +5V, the IC runs in high speed mode i.e. a sampling rate of 96Hz. When the hold
pin is held at a fixed 1.2V, the BCD output latches to the current state. C1 is the
power supply bypass capacitor whose job is to bypass noise if any from the power
.supply line.

The next section of the circuit is the BCD to seven segment decoder plus display
driver section. For that purpose CA3161 is used. The BCD output pins of the
CA3162 are connected to the input pins of the CA3161. Transistors Q1, Q2, Q3
,common anode terminals of the corresponding seven segments displays. Q1, Q2
.Q3 are driven by the 4, 3, 5 pins (digit driver pins) of the CA3162 respectively.
3. results and discussion

The circuit can be assembled on a zero board or on a PCB.

we usse 5V DC for powering the circuit.

POT R2 can be used for Zero adjustment.

IC2 and IC1 must be mounted on holders.

Capacitor C1 must be placed as close as possible to the power and ground pins of
the CA3162.

Capacitor C2 could be a polyester type while C1 can be a ceramic capacitor.

The DC power supply used for powering this circuit must be well regulated and
free from any sort of noise.

The type numbers of the driver transistor are not critical and you can make suitable
substitutions.

Hold function can be enabled by providing the pin 6 with 1.2V using a voltage
divider network
4. conclusion

Thermometers utilize a range of physical effects to measure temperature.


Temperature sensors are used in a wide variety of scientific and engineering
applications, especially measurement systems. Temperature systems are primarily
either electrical or mechanical, occasionally inseparable from the system which they
control (as in the case of a mercury-in-glass thermometer). Thermometers are used
in roadways in cold weather climates to help determine if icing conditions exist.
Indoors, thermistors are used in climate control systems such as air conditioners,
freezers, heaters, refrigerators, and water heaters.

Galileo thermometers are used to measure indoor air temperature, due to their
limited measurement range.

Such liquid crystal thermometers (which use thermochromic liquid crystals) are also
used in mood rings and used to measure the temperature of water in fish tanks.

Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors are used in nuclear power facilities to
monitor reactor core temperatures and avoid the possibility of nuclear meltdowns
5. References

. 1- knake Maria (April 2011). The anatomy of a liquid-in-glass


thermometer

2- T.D.Mcgee (1988) principles and methods of temperature


measurement

3- R.S Doak (2005) galileo: astronomer and physicist

4- R.P Benedict (1984) fundamentals of temperature pressure , and flow


measurements,3rded

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