1. What is the purpose of DHCP? DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

The
purpose of DHCP is to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network. DHCP
eliminates the need for manual IP address configuration on every device, which saves time and
reduces the chance of errors. DHCP also assigns other network settings such as subnet masks,
default gateways, and DNS servers.

2. What is the purpose of DNS? DNS stands for Domain Name System. The purpose of DNS is to
translate human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses. When a user
types a domain name into a web browser, the DNS server is responsible for resolving that
domain name into the corresponding IP address. This allows the user to connect to the correct
server and access the requested website or service.

3. Describe how a Network Switch differs from a Hub. A network switch is a device that connects
multiple devices on a network and forwards data between them based on their MAC addresses.
A switch creates a dedicated connection between two devices, which means that the bandwidth
is not shared between multiple devices. A hub, on the other hand, is a simple device that
connects multiple devices on a network but does not perform any intelligence functions. A hub
broadcasts data to all connected devices, which means that the bandwidth is shared between all
devices. This results in lower overall network performance compared to a switch.

4. Draw a small network diagram showing components of a typical home or small office LAN
(include details such as IP addresses to be used). typical home or small office LAN might consist
of a router, a switch, and several devices such as computers, smartphones, and printers. The
router would connect to the internet, and the switch would connect to the router and the
devices. Each device would be assigned a unique IP address within the same subnet.

5. Draw a diagram showing the OSI Reference Model. Describe briefly the four lower layers.
Unfortunately, as an AI language model, I am unable to draw diagrams. The OSI Reference
Model consists of seven layers, which are divided into two groups: the upper layers (application,
presentation, and session) and the lower layers (transport, network, data link, and physical). The
four lower layers are:

 Physical Layer: This layer is responsible for the transmission of raw bits over a communication
channel. It defines the electrical, mechanical, and timing specifications for the physical
connection.

 Data Link Layer: This layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data between two
devices on the same network. It performs error detection and correction, and defines the
format of data frames.

 Network Layer: This layer is responsible for the routing of data between different networks. It
determines the best path for data to travel between devices, and performs functions such as
addressing, packet fragmentation, and reassembly.

 Transport Layer: This layer is responsible for the end-to-end transmission of data between
applications on different devices. It provides reliable, error-free data transmission, and includes
protocols such as TCP and UDP.
 6. State two types of copper cables used in small LANs and show the pin connections (the TIA
standards). Two types of copper cables used in small LANs are STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) and
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair). The TIA/EIA 568B wiring standard is commonly used for Ethernet
cabling. The pin connections for UTP cable are:

 Pin 1 - White/Orange

 Pin 2 - Orange

 Pin 3 - White/Green

 Pin 4 - Blue

 Pin 5 - White/Blue

 Pin 6 - Green

 Pin 7 - White/Brown

 Pin 8 - Brown

The pin connections for STP

answer the last 3 that you missed

Sure, here are the answers to the last 3 questions:

7. Explain why VLANs are used in a large network. Answer: VLANs are used in a large network to
improve network security, increase network flexibility, and reduce network congestion. By
creating separate virtual LANs, network administrators can restrict access to specific resources
or services based on user roles or departments. VLANs can also segment a network to reduce
broadcast traffic and improve network performance.

8. Briefly explain the purpose of POE and how it works. Answer: Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a
technology that allows network cables to carry electrical power in addition to data. The purpose
of PoE is to simplify the installation of network devices such as IP phones, wireless access points,
and IP cameras, by eliminating the need for a separate power source. PoE works by sending low
voltage electrical power along with data signals over standard Ethernet cables.

9. What does the Industrial Internet of Things refer to? Answer: The Industrial Internet of Things
(IIoT) refers to the use of connected devices and sensors to monitor and control physical
processes in industrial settings such as manufacturing, transportation, and energy. IIoT devices
collect data and send it to central systems for analysis, which can be used to optimize processes,
improve efficiency, and reduce costs. The IIoT is seen as a key enabler of Industry 4.0, which
aims to create smart, connected factories and supply chains.