Division of Polynomials Exercises

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3.

5e: Exercises - Division of Polynomials


A: Concepts

Exercise 3.5e. A

1) If division of a polynomial by a binomial results in a remainder of zero, what can be conclude?


2) If a polynomial of degree n is divided by a binomial of degree 1, what is the degree of the quotient?

Answers to odd exercises:


1. The binomial is a factor of the polynomial.

B: Perform Polynomial Long Division

Exercise 3.5e. B

★ Use long division to divide. Also specify the quotient and the remainder.

3) (x + 5x − 1) ÷ (x − 1)
2
7) (6x 2
− 25x − 25) ÷ (6x + 5) 11) (3x − 5x + 4) ÷ (3x + 1)
2

4) (2x − 9x − 5) ÷ (x − 5)
2
8) (−x 2
− 1) ÷ (x + 1) 12) (x − 3x + 5x − 6) ÷ (x − 2)
3 2

5) (3x + 23x + 14) ÷ (x + 7)


2
9) (2x 2
− 3x + 2) ÷ (x + 2) 13) (2x + 3x − 4x + 15) ÷ (x + 3)
3 2

6) (4x − 10x + 6) ÷ (4x + 2)


2
10) (x 3
− 126) ÷ (x − 5)

★ Divide.
3 2 3
x − 5x + x + 15 2z + 5z + 8
14) 17) 3y
3
− 4y
2
−3
x −3 z+1 20) 2
3 2 5 3 2 y + 5y + 2
y − 4y + 6y − 4 3x − 4x + 3x + 12x − 10
15) 18) 5x
4
− 3x
2
+2
y −2 x
2
+ 2x − 1 21) 2
5 5 4 2 x − 3x + 5
x + 3x + 2 2y − 3y −y +y +4
16) 19) 2
3 y +1
x + 2x + 1

Answers to odd exercises:


5 13. 2x − 3x + 5, quotient : 2x
2 2
− 3x + 5, remainder : 0
3. x + 6 + , quotient : x + 6, remainder : 5
x−1 15. y − 2y + 2
2

5. 3x + 2, quotient : 3x + 2, remainder : 0 1
17. 2z 2
− 2z + 7 +
7. x − 5, quotient : x − 5, remainder : 0 z+1
16 3y + 2
9. 2x − 7 + , quotient : 2x − 7, remainder : 16 19. 2y 3
− 3y
2
− 2y + 2 +
2
x+2 y +1
6 −24x − 83
11. x − 2 + , quotient : x − 2, remainder : 6 21. 5x 2
+ 15x + 17 +
3x + 1 2
x − 3x + 5

C: Use Long Division to Rewrite a Polynomial

Exercise 3.5e. C

★ Use polynomial long division to perform the indicated division. Write the polynomial dividend in the form
p(x) = d(x)q(x) + r(x) .

23. (4x 2
+ 3x − 1) ÷ (x − 3) 27. (5x 4
− 3x
3
+ 2x
2
− 1) ÷ (x
2
+ 4) 31. (9x 3
+ 5) ÷ (2x − 3)
3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2
x − 4x − 3x − 10 x + 2x −x +x +6 x + 2x + 4x + 3x + 2
24) 2
28) 32) 2
x +x +2 x +2 x +x +2

25. (2x 3
− x + 1) ÷ (x
2
+ x + 1) 29. (−x 5
+ 7x
3
− x) ÷ (x
3
−x
2
+ 1) 33. (4x 2
− x − 23) ÷ (x
2
− 1)
3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2
2x − 3x + 7x − 3 x +x + 5x + 3x + 6 2x + 3x + 3x − 5x − 3
26) 30) 2
34)
2 2
x −x +3 x +x −1 2x −x −1

Answers to odd exercises:

3.5e.1 https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/45238
23. 4x 2
+ 3x − 1 = (x − 3)(4x + 15) + 44

25. 2x 3
− x + 1 = (x
2
+ x + 1) (2x − 2) + (−x + 3)

27. 5x 4
− 3x
3
+ 2x
2
− 1 = (x
2
+ 4) (5 x
2
− 3x − 18) + (12x + 71)

29. −x 5
+ 7x
3
− x = (x
3
−x
2
+ 1) (−x
2
− x + 6) + (7 x
2
− 6)

31. 9x 3
+ 5 = (2x − 3) (
9

2
x
2
+
27

4
x+
81

8
)+
283

33. 4x 2
− x − 23 = (x
2
− 1) (4) + (−x − 19)

D: Perform Synthetic Division

Exercise 3.5e. D

★ Use synthetic division to divide. Also state the quotient and remainder.
3 3
4x − 33 3x + 2x − 5 4
35) 37) x − 22
x −2 x −1 39)
3 3 2 x +2
2x + 25 −4 x −x − 12
36) 38)
x +3 x +4

★ For the exercises below, use synthetic division to find the quotient.

40) (3x − 2x + x − 4) ÷ (x + 3)
3 2
52) (x − 15x + 75x − 125) ÷ (x − 5)
3 2

41) (2x − 6x − 7x + 6) ÷ (x − 4)
3 2
53) (9x − x + 2) ÷ (3x − 1)
3

42) (6x − 10x − 7x − 15) ÷ (x + 1)


3 2
54) (6x − x + 5x + 2) ÷ (3x + 1)
3 2

43) (4x − 12x − 5x − 1) ÷ (2x + 1)


3 2
55) (x + x − 3x − 2x + 1) ÷ (x + 1)
4 3 2

44) (9x − 9x + 18x + 5) ÷ (3x − 1)


3 2
56) (x − 3x + 1) ÷ (x − 1)
4 2

45) (3x − 2x + x − 4) ÷ (x + 3)
3 2
57) (x + 2x − 3x + 2x + 6) ÷ (x + 3)
4 3 2

46) (−6x + x − 4) ÷ (2x − 3)


3 2
58) (x − 10x + 37x − 60x + 36) ÷ (x − 2)
4 3 2

47) (2x + 7x − 13x − 3) ÷ (2x − 3)


3 2
59) (x − 8x + 24x − 32x + 16) ÷ (x − 2)
4 3 2

48) (3x − 5x + 2x + 3) ÷ (x + 2)
3 2
60) (x + 5x − 3x − 13x + 10) ÷ (x + 5)
4 3 2

49) (4x − 5x + 13) ÷ (x + 4)


3 2
61) (x − 12x + 54x − 108x + 81) ÷ (x − 3)
4 3 2

50) (x − 3x + 2) ÷ (x + 2)
3
62) (4x − 2x − 4x + 2) ÷ (2x − 1)
4 3

51) (x − 21x + 147x − 343) ÷ (x − 7)


3 2
63) (4x + 2x − 4x + 2x + 2) ÷ (2x + 1)
4 3 2

Answers to odd exercises:

35. 4x 2
+ 8x + 16 +
−1

x−2
, 2
2
Quotient : 4 x
2
+ 8x + 16, remainder : −1
43. 2x 2
− 7x + 1 −
53. 3x 2
+x +
2x + 1
3x − 1
37. 3x 2
+ 3x + 5 , 45. 3x 2
− 11x + 34 −
106
55. x − 3x + 1
3

2 x +3
Quotient : 3 x + 3x + 5, remainder : 0
57. x − x + 2
3 2

39. x 3 2 −6
, 47. x 2
+ 5x + 1
− 2x + 4x − 8 +
x+2 323
59. x − 6x + 12x − 8
3 2

Quotient : x
3
− 2x
2
+ 4x − 8, remainder : −6 49. 4x 2
− 21x + 84 − 61. x − 9x + 27x − 27
3 2

x +4

41. 2x 2
+ 2x + 1 +
10
51. x 2
− 14x + 49
63. 2x − 2x + 2
3

x −4

E: Use Synthetic Division to Rewrite a Polynomial

Exercise 3.5e. E

★ For the exercises below, use synthetic division to determine whether the first expression is a factor of the second. If it
is, write the second expression as a product of two factors.
1

64) x − 2, 4x
3
− 3x
2
− 8x + 4 66) x + 3, −4 x
3
+ 5x
2
+8
68) x − , 2x
4
−x
3
+ 2x − 1
2
65) x − 2, 3x
4
− 6x
3
− 5x + 10 67) x − 2, 4x
4
− 15 x
2
−4
69) x +
1
, 3x
4
+x
3
− 3x + 1
3

3.5e.2 https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/45238
★ In the exercises below, use synthetic division to perform the indicated division. Write the polynomial in the form
p(x) = d(x)q(x) + r(x) .

80. (2x 3
− 3x + 1) ÷ (x −
1
)
70. (3x − 2x + 1) ÷ (x − 1)
2
75. (4x + 2x − 3) ÷ (x − 3)
3
2

81.
71. (x − 5) ÷ (x − 5)
2
76. (18x − 15x − 25) ÷ (x −
2 5

3
)
4 3 2 3
(4 x − 12 x + 13 x − 12x + 9) ÷ (x − )
72. (3 − 4x − 2x ) ÷ (x + 1) 2
77. (4x − 1) ÷ (x − )
2 1

2
2
82. (x 4
− 6x
2
+ 9) ÷ (x − √3)
73. (4x − 5x + 3) ÷ (x + 3)
2
78. (2x + x + 2x + 1) ÷ (x +
3 2 1
)

2
83. (x 6
− 6x
4
+ 12 x
2
− 8) ÷ (x + √2)
74. (x + 8) ÷ (x + 2)
3
79. (3x − x + 4) ÷ (x − )
3 2

Answers to odd exercises:

65. Yes (x − 2)(3x − 5) 3 73. (4x 2


− 5x + 3) = (x + 3) (4x − 17) + 54

67. Yes (x − 2)(4x + 8x + x + 2) 3 2


75. (4x 3
+ 2x − 3) = (x − 3) (4 x
2
+ 12x + 38) + 111

69. No 77. (4x 2


− 1) = (x −
1

2
) (4x + 2) + 0

71. (x − 5) = (x − 5) (x + 5) + 20
2
79. (3x 3
− x + 4) = (x −
2
) (3 x
2
+ 2x +
1
)+
38

3 3 9

81. (4x − 12x + 13x − 12x + 9) = (x − ) (4x


4 3 2 3

2
3
− 6x
2
+ 4x − 6) + 0
– – – 2 –
83. (x − 6x + 12x − 8) = (x + √2) (x − √2 x
6 4 2 5 4
− 4x
3
+ 4 √2 x + 4x − 4 √2) + 0

F: Synthetic Division with Complex Numbers

Exercise 3.5e. F

★ For the exercises below, use synthetic division to determine the quotient involving a complex number.
2 2 3
x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1
85) 86) 87) 88) 89)
x −i x −i x +i x +i x −i

★ Find the remainder.

90) (x − 9x + 14) ÷ (x − 2)
4 2
94) (5x − 4x + 3x − 2x + x − 1) ÷ (x + 6)
5 4 3 2

91) (3x − 2x + x − 4) ÷ (x + 3)
3 2
95) (x − 1) ÷ (x − 4)
4

92) (x + 5x − 4x − 17) ÷ (x + 1)
4 3
96) (3x + 4x − 8x + 2) ÷ (x − 3)
3 2

93) (−3x + 6x + 24) ÷ (x − 4)


2
97) (4x + 5x − 2x + 7) ÷ (x + 2)
3 2

Answers to odd exercises:


1 +i
85. 1 + 89. x
2
+ ix − 1 +
1 −i
93. 0, f (4) = 0 97. −1, f (−2) = −1
x −i
x −i
1 −i 95. 255, f (4) = 255
87. 1 + 91. −106, f (2) = −106
x +i

G: Construct a polynomial from a graph and a given Factor

Exercise 3.5e. G

★ Use the graph of the third-degree polynomial and one factor to write the factored form of the polynomial suggested
by the graph. The leading coefficient is one.

3.5e.3 https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/45238
98) Factor is x
2
−x +3 99) Factor is (x
2
+ 2x + 4) 100) Factor is x
2
+ 2x + 5

101) Factor is x 2
+ 2x + 2
102) Factor is x 2
+x +1

Answers to odd exercises:

99. (x − 1)(x 2
+ 2x + 4) 101. (x + 3)(x
2
+ 2x + 2)

3.5e: Exercises - Division of Polynomials is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

3.5e.4 https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/45238

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