PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION REVIEWER

COMMUNICATION - process of sending and receiving messages through verbal and non-verbal communication.

FORMS OR TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

VERBAL COMMUNICATION – which includes the use of language, sounds, and tone of voice.

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION- which includes body language and facial expressions.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION- such as through journals, emails, blogs and text messages

VISUAL COMMUNICATION- which involves signs, symbols, pictures, graphics, and emojis.

A key element in effective communication is audience analysis. Audience here does not only refer to the people
listening to you in a public speech. Rather, it refers to anyone who is expected to receive the message you are
sending.

COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

 Physical noise
 Physiological issues
 Cultural difference
 Level of expectations and experiences

COMMUNICATION STYLES

 Psychological noise
 Semantic noise

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Effective communication requires a certain level of connection between and among people, allowing a series of
exchanges of thoughts and emotions, eventually leading to mutual understanding. In order for that to happen, the
following principles must be observed.

1. CLARITY – the message should be clear by using appropriate language and communication channels
2. CONCISENESS- the message should be as brief as may be requires depending on one’s purpose (eg.
News reporter)
3. COMPLETENESS- the message should still be complete and accurate
4. ORGANIZATION- ensure the systematic flow of ideas and transition from one point to another
5. EMPATHY- the sender of the message should be sensitive to the needs and interests of the receiver.
6. FLEXIBILITY- effective communicators know how to adopt to the varying needs and expectations of their
audience.

Communication in the modern world must be anchored on the concept of diversity, since effective communication and
the ability to understand cultural differences are skills that have become requisites not only for a meaningful social life
but also for a successful professional career.
Even professionals from the countries that are traditionally known for sticking to their native language (e.g Japan, korea,
Vietnam) have started to learn English, as the internationally recognized lingua franca with the concept that learning
English does not make them less Japanese, Koreans or Viets.

Multiculturist- those who are engaged with and respectful of people with different cultures.

ETHICS- moral philosophy can be provisionally described as the empirical study of moral decisions. It is a discipline
concerned with what is morally good and evil, right and wrong. The word often refers to any scheme or philosophy of
universal ideals or beliefs

The concept derived from the greek word “ethos” which may mean tradition, habit, character or attitude. This
is not only about the nature of specific courses of action but is also about the goodness of people and what it means to
lead a decent life.

COMMUNICATION ETHICS

How a person uses language, media journalism and creates relationships that are guided by an individual’s moral
and values. These ethics consider being aware of the consequences of behavior and consequences; it’s to respect other
points view and tolerate disagreement”

Communication is ethical only when it is genuine, open cooperative and sensitive to one’s cultural and social beliefs and
practices.

1. Be truthful and honest

2. Active listening
3. Speak non-judgementally
4. Speak from your own experience
5. Consider the receivers preferred communication channel
6. Strive to understand
7. Avoid a negative tone
8. Do not interrupt others
9. Respect privacy and confidentiality
10. Accept responsibility

COMMUNICATION STYLE

-refers to the choices people make and the strategies or tools they use in the process of communication

- a style may sometimes depend on the demands of the communicative situation as well as on the needs and
requirements of the target recipients of the information

1. ASSERTIVE COMMUNICATION LEVEL- tend to tell or instruct others what to do and sometimes even how to do it,
while the less assertive styles usually tend to be on the receiving end, often asking for guidance, instructions or
directions.
2. EXPRESSIVE COMMUNICATION LEVEL- usually show their real feelings and emotions through facial expressions,
tone of voice or language use. The less expressive ones tend to either hide their feelings or exert some effort for
these feelings not to show.

The combination of these levels result to the basic communication styles:

Spirited = High expressiveness + High assertiveness

Considerate = High expressiveness + Low assertiveness

Direct = Low expressiveness + High expressiveness

Systematic = Low expressiveness + Low assertiveness

FOUR DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION STYLE

1. SPIRITED COMMUNICATION STYLE – love to flesh out ideas, brainstorm, and talk about the big picture – as long
as they get to do a lot of the talking! Spirited people can have a hard time nailing down the details in their
wonderful ideas. They may also have a hard time sticking to an agenda or to one topic.

Tips for people with a spirited communication style

 Respect decisions and agenda that have been agreed upon, as well as time limits during meetings or any
communicative situation.
 Try to limit your sharing of personal anecdotes that may take the discussion off-topic
 Make sure you are allowing others to contribute their ideas and suggestions – and that you are
genuinely listening to them
 Be certain that any request you make is clear and that you convey the reason for such request
 Communicate your appreciation for other’s work and input
2. CONSIDERATE COMMUNICATION STYLE- consists of being positive, caring, understanding and firm with
students. For example, if a student is struggling to follow a certain classroom rule, you might be tempted to yell
at them or say, “no, that’s not how you line up to have.

Tips for people with a considerate communication style

 Recognize that other people’s opinions about a topic are separate from their opinions about you.
 Realize that not everyone is comfortable discussing personal topics with colleagues
 Allow others to open personal matters before asking questions of that nature
 Respect your own opinion as you respect that of others
 Recognize that you don’t have to be friends with everyone,/ but you should treat others- and be treated
– professionally
3. DIRECT COMMUNICATION STYLE – is clear, concise and unfiltered. There is no hidden message and no subtlety.
People with a direct communication style prefer clear and actionable information without any “fluff”. They want
to get to the point quickly and want others to do the same.

Tips for people with a direct communication style

 Make an effort to listen carefully to others. Avoid interrupting
 Allow time for chatting at the beginning of a meeting
 Recognize that others may also feel the need to express themselves
  Recognize that brainstorming can be effective and is not a waste of time
 Take some time to show your appreciation for other’s contributions
4. SYSTEMATIC COMMUNICATION STYLE – are typically thorough, precise and accurate. They are conscientious,/
orderly, objective and diplomatic. They focus on facts and do not put much stock in opinions or emotions.

Tips for people with a systematic communication style

 Recognize that for good working relationships, consideration for other’s feelings is important
 Learn to ask qualifying questions that will help you get the information you need.
 Make sure you understand the background of the discussion or scope so no time is wasted
 Politely ask other questions about themselves if you want to build rapport
 If you need to ask for more time to know, analyze or discuss something,/ explain the befit of the
information you need to know.

VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE

1. LANGUAGE VARIETIES- Also called “lects”, these refer to the different variants of a language that can be
sufficiently delimited from one another in terms of social, historical, or geo-spatial factors, thus forming
language clusters.
CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGE VARIETIES
 PIDGIN – it refers to a new language that develops into situations where speakers of different languages
need to communicate but do not share a common language
 CREOLE- it is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children or the mother tongue of a certain
community.
 REGIONAL DIALECT- It is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a variety
of a language spoken in a particular area of a country.
 MINORITY DIALECT- this is a variety used as a marker of identify, usually alongside a standard variety, by
the members of a particular minority ethnic group.
 INDIGINIZED VARIETIES – these are spoken mainly as second languages in former colonies with
multilingual populations.

2. LANGUAGE REGISTERS- is characterized by the way a speaker uses language differently in different social
circumstances. These are determined by such factors as social atmosphere, purpose of communication,
audience, and the general context of discourse.
CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGE REGISTERS
 FORMAL- theses registers are used in professional, academic or legal settings where communication is
expected to be respectful, uninterrupted and restrained to specific rules. Slang is never used and
contractions are rare.
 CASUAL- these registers are used when communicating with friends, close acquaintances, colleagues
and family members. These are used in birthday parties or family gatherings.
 INTIMATE- intimate language registers are reserved for special occasions, usually between only two
people and often in private.
 FROZEN- it refers to historic language that is intended to remain unchanged. Examples are the registers
used in the Philippine Constitution and the holy Bible.
  CONSULTATIVE- it is used in conversations when people are speaking with someone who has specialized
knowledge or is offering advice. Tone is often respectful, such as the use of honorifics or courtesy titles,
but may be more casual if the relationship between or among the communicators is friendly.

IMPROVING ONE’S ABILITY COMMUNICATING IN A MULTICULTURAL SETTING

1. Improving one’s ability in communicating in a multicultural setting
 Everything should start with a personal desire and strong conviction to relate more effectively with
persons having different cultural background. This will not only create positive personal
relationships, but also open more opportunities for personal growth. Limiting one’s reliance on
preconceived notions and established stereotypes is also a major leap towards effective intercultural
communication
2. Refrain from forming expectations based solely on our culture
 Knowing and accepting the validity of cultural differences are key in communicating with people
having diverse communication styles. Being an effective communicator requires allowing yourself to
be immersed in the multicultural society and embracing diversity.
3. Remove personal biases or any stereotype that may impede understanding
 You do not want to be at the receiving end of a biased judgement, right. You don’t want people
avoiding you just because of how they see other members of your group or culture.
 Determine how much your family, friends and colleagues have dictated how you view or feel about
other people or other groups and identify which among those pre-judgements are stereotypes that
can damage relationships.
4. Make a personal commitment to develop communication skills appropriate in multicultural setting
 Your ability to develop intercultural communication skills largely depends on how many and how
much promises you are willing to make.