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Civil engineering involves designing, constructing, and maintaining structures using physical laws and engineering principles. Civil engineers ensure projects are completed on time, within budget, and according to specifications by managing available resources. A project has a defined goal, timeline, and budget. It progresses through phases from concept to construction to operation. Quantity surveying developed in the UK to estimate construction costs by quantifying materials, labor, and equipment. Quantity surveyors traditionally prepared cost estimates, measured work quantities, and verified bills to keep projects on budget and provide value for clients.

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19 views

Lec 02

Civil engineering involves designing, constructing, and maintaining structures using physical laws and engineering principles. Civil engineers ensure projects are completed on time, within budget, and according to specifications by managing available resources. A project has a defined goal, timeline, and budget. It progresses through phases from concept to construction to operation. Quantity surveying developed in the UK to estimate construction costs by quantifying materials, labor, and equipment. Quantity surveyors traditionally prepared cost estimates, measured work quantities, and verified bills to keep projects on budget and provide value for clients.

Uploaded by

AHMAD AHMAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic Terminology

Civil Engineering
o Civil engineering is the field of engineering sciences, related
to design, construction and maintenance of buildings, dams,
bridges, tunnels, highways and other structures by the use of
physical laws, mathematical equations and theories of
mechanics. Also known as the mother of all engineering, it is
the oldest, broadest, most simple and useful of all engineering
sciences.
Civil Engineer
o Civil Engineers utilize the available resources (materials,
manpower/labour, equipment/non-labour) to complete the
project in the given time span keeping in view expenditure,
environmental issues and physical hazards of the project.
What is a Project?
A project is a sequence of unique, complex and
connected activities having one goal or purpose that
must be completed by a specific time, within budget
and according to specification
(Robert Wysocki / Robert Beck Jr. / Daniel B. Crane: Effective
Project Management, John Wiley & Sons, 2002, p.65)
Project Life Cycle

Concept and Engineering and


Procurement
Feasibility Studies Design

Construction Operation and


Start-up
(Execution) Utilization
History of QS
□ QS developed its root in UK during 17th century
□ 1785--Earliest recorded firm, Henry Cooper and Sons of
Reading was established
□ 1820--Emerged as a profession, one of the earliest QSs was
Sir Henry Arthur Hunt in Uk
□ 1858—First recorded use of term “quantity surveyor”
□ 1933--Institution of civil engineers, London published report
on engineering quantities
□ 1953--Standard method of measurement issued and being
updated until today.......
Quantity Surveyor - Introduction
 “A professional working within the construction industry
concerned with building costs"
□ In USA known as Cost Engineer
□ A specialist tradesman who prepares standardized estimate for
a building project in which all of the construction materials,
labor activities and the like are quantified.
□ His prime task is to ensure that the project is kept within
budget and that the client gets value for money.
What is Cost Estimation?

o It is the determination of probable cost of undertaking a project

o Cost estimating is the Predictive process used to Quantify, Cost,


and Price the resources required by the scope of an investment
option, activity, or project.
Uses of a Cost Estimate
o Budgeting
o Decision Making (Selection between design alternatives,
construction material or methodologies or project)
o Project cost control – A detailed cost estimate serves as a baseline
to compare and evaluate actual project costs with planned /
budgeted cost while the project is progressing and at the end of
the project. This helps to discover and mitigate any variances as
they occur.
o To value and verify the completed work for contractor payment.
o It serves as a tool to select a material suppliers / contractors
during the procurement process by comparing the submitted bids
with estimates prepared by the soliciting organization (Such an
estimate is called an Independent Estimate or an Engineers
Estimate)
o To value changes in scope of work
What are the qualities
of a good estimator?
o Be able to read and quantify plans
o Have good knowledge of mathematics and a keen
understanding of geometry
o Have the patience and ability to do careful and thorough work
o Be able to visualize the project through its various phases of
construction by looking at the drawings
o Good writing and presentation skills
o Be able to keep a database of information on cost of material,
labor, equipment etc.
*People cannot be taught experience and judgment, but the can
be taught an acceptable method of preparation [Dagostino F. R
and Peterson S.J]
Traditional Role of a QS
□ Measurer — Arrives at quantities of different items of work
for:
□ Tender document preparation (for developer)
□ Tender Pricing (for contractor)
□ Handles BOQ and prices schedules
□ Bills for payment, intermediate and final
□ Measures quantities from drawings and from site
Sectors
Sectors the QS work in include:

□ Commercial
□ Residential
□ Education
□ Healthcare
□ Utilities
□ Transport
□ Custodial (Prisons)
International Quantity Surveying Institutions
□ AACE International (AACEI) http://www.aacei.org
□ Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS)http://www.aiqs.com.au
□ Building Surveyors Institute of Japan (BSIJ) http://www.bsij.or.jp
□ Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (CIQS) http://www.ciqs.org
□ China Engineering Cost Association (CECA) http://www.ceca.org.cn
□ Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (HKIS) http://www.hkis.org.hk
□ Institute of Surveyors, Malaysia (ISM) http://www.ism.org.my
□ Association of South African Quantity Surveyors http://www.asaqs.co.za
□ Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Sri Lanka (IQSSL) iqssl@sltnet.lk
□ Fiji Institute of Quantity Surveyors (FIQS). vakaj01@connect.com.fj
□ New Zealand Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NZIQS) http://www.nziqs.co.nz
□ Singapore Institute of Surveyors & Valuers (SISV) http://www.sisv.org.sg
□ Institution of Surveyors, Engineers and Architects (Brunei) (PUJA)
http://www.puja-brunei.com/

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