RETEACH

Name: Date:

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Both independent and clauses have a subject and a verb. An independent clause
can stand by itself as a complete sentence. A dependent, or subordinate, clause
cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Words that introduce dependent
clauses include after, although, as, as if, because, before, if, in order to, since,
though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while.
There are four basic sentence structures.
Simple sentences have one independent clause.
Example: Robert and Gina spoke to the audience.
Compound sentences have more than one independent clause.
Example: Robert and Gina spoke to the audience, and then they went home.
Complex sentences: have one independent clause and one or more dependent
clause
Example: After they spoke to the audience, Robert and Gina went home.
Compound-complex sentences have two or more independent clauses and one or
more dependent clauses.
Example: After they spoke to the audience, Robert and Gina went home, and the
two of them ate dinner.

DIRECTIONS: Read each sentence. Choose the correct response.

1. When all was said and done, the day had been a success. This sentence is:
a. a simple sentence
b. a compound sentence
c. a complex sentence
d. a compound-complex sentence

2. Paul looked around after the race began. The dependent clause is:
a. Paul looked around
b. the race began
c. after the race began
d. Paul looked around after
3. If Jeri felt up to it, she would swim for an hour, and then she would bike for two hours.
This sentence is:
a. a simple sentence
b. a compound sentence
c. a complex sentence
d. a compound-complex sentence

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 PRACTICE

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SENTENCE STRUCTURE

A. DIRECTIONS: Underline each independent clause. Circle each dependent clause.

1. Otto felt sad because the job was over.
2. The carrots are planted in the garden, and the flowers are planted next to the
house.
3. The train schedule is hard to read, easy to lose, and probably inaccurate.
4. I left the stadium early, and I entered the subway before the concert was over.
5. Because she was a citizen of Australia, Mel had no problem getting a visa.

B. DIRECTIONS: Identify each of the sentences in Part A as simple, compound,

complex, or compound-complex.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

C. DIRECTIONS: Add clauses to create compound, complex, or compound-complex

sentences for each item below. Identify the sentence you created.

1. I like pizza for dinner.

2. The kitten jumped up on the table.

3. Hank felt angry.

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 RETEACH

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TYPES OF PHRASES

Prepositions connect a noun or pronoun in a sentence to another word in the sentence.

Common prepositions include as, of, in, after, before, to, for, below, above, with,
through, from, out, on, and at. A prepositional phrase includes a preposition; a noun
or pronoun, which is object of the preposition; and words that modify that object.
Prepositional phrases function as either adjectives or adverbs in a sentence.
Example: Kylie lives with two dogs and a cat.
Preposition: with
Prepositional phrase: with two dogs and a cat
Object of the preposition: dogs, cat
Function of the prepositional phrase: an adverb that modifies the verb lives

DIRECTIONS: For each sentence, identify the parts of the prepositional phrases and their
functions.

1. The concert will start after dinner.

Preposition:
Prepositional phrase:
Object of the preposition:
Function of the prepositional phrase:
2. Before the game, get some rest.
Preposition:
Prepositional phrase:
Object of the preposition:
Function of the prepositional phrase:
3. The show’s star is the guy with the enormous mustache.
Preposition:
Prepositional phrase:
Object of the preposition:
Function of the prepositional phrase:
4. The cat walked through the yard and into the street.
Preposition:
Prepositional phrase:
Object of the preposition:
Function of the prepositional phrase:
5. The software from Tia’s company comes with a guarantee.
Preposition:
Prepositional phrase:
Object of the preposition:
Function of the prepositional phrase:

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 PRACTICE

Name: Date:

TYPES OF PHRASES

A. DIRECTIONS: Underline each preposition and circle each prepositional phrase in the
sentence.

1. On the living room wall was a huge portrait of their dog.

2. Jake works for the senator from New Mexico.

3. If I snore in my sleep, I am not aware of it.

4. The game is on channel five after the news.

5. Leah looked under the mattress and found a twenty-dollar bill.

6. The cat with the scarf around its neck jumped out the window and landed on
its feet.

B. DIRECTIONS: Identify the object of each preposition in the sentences in Part A

above. Write the function of each prepositional phrase and identify the word that it
modifies.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 Name: Date:

LITERARY STYLE

Where Is Here?
Joyce Carol Oates

Modern Gothic is a sort of “update” on the traditional Gothic literature style.

The Modern Gothic style does away with stormy nights and drafty old castles,
but it retains the sense of fear, mystery, or tension that is prominent in
traditional Gothic works.
Characteristics of Modern Gothic include
• Every-day modern setting and seemingly ordinary characters
• A sense of unease and a sense that something is wrong
• Puzzling, possibly supernatural events
• No answers to some of the story’s mysteries

DIRECTIONS: Answer these questions about “Where Is Here?” Use textual

evidence from the story to support your responses.

1. How would you describe the setting of “Where Is Here?” and how does it match
the Modern Gothic model?

2. Which details in the story’s beginning clue you in to the idea that something is
wrong in this situation?

3. Which story events begin to create a sense of mystery and tension?

4. How does the sense of mystery and tension increase as the story progresses?

5. As a reader, what do you begin to fear as the story moves toward its conclusion?
Does the thing you fear actually happen? Explain.

6. How well does the end of the story match the Modern Gothic model? Explain.

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 RETEACH

Name: Date:

CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

Character development in a story can happen in a number of ways. Authors

reveal who a character is through:
• description, telling what the character is like
• the character’s actions or responses to story events
• the character’s words—dialogue with other characters
• the character’s thoughts

DIRECTIONS: Identify each passage as one of the four ways to develop character
that are listed above.
1. After 24 hours in solitary confinement, they brought Carlos up and asked whether
he was ready to confess his crime. Carlos just stared ahead for a full hour without
saying anything. They brought him back to solitary confinement.

2. Her blonde hair was as golden as a cornfield, which was only ironic in the sense
that she had worked on her father’s farm since she was a young girl. She was a hard
worker, and hadn’t slept past dawn for as long as anyone could remember. There
were chores to be done, and she took pride in completing them before anyone else
woke.

3. Mindy asked Chuck if he wanted to go out on a date. “With whom?” Chuck asked.
“Me,” Mindy replied. “I’ll need to think about that,” Chuck said. “I’ve only been
wanting to go out with you for three years now. Perhaps I’m not ready.”

4. Jasper didn’t know how he felt about money. He liked the stuff, but it also made
him nervous. Too little and you had to worry about eating. Too much and—well,
that was a problem Jasper had never faced.

5. Ursula dribbled up the court and stopped. She looked over in the stands to see
Pedro. She smiled then shot the ball. Rather than watch it go toward the basket she
turned in the other direction and raised her arms. Three points!

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 PRACTICE

Name: Date:

CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

DIRECTIONS: Identify a book, story, movie, TV show, or video game that you are
familiar with. In the left column, list examples of dialogue, description, or actions
that reveal the personality of a character. In the right column, explain how the
example develops the character.

Title of book, story, movie, TV show, or video game:

Dialogue, description, or action What it says about the character

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 RETEACH

Name: Date:

LITERARY STYLE

Modern Gothic replaces the lords and ladies and haunted castles of traditional
Gothic literature with modern characters and settings. The effect of Modern
Gothic on readers, however, is faithful to the traditional Gothic model in that the
stories create an atmosphere of unease and tension. Something wrong is
happening in what seems to be a normal situation, but the reader is not sure what
it is.
A Modern Gothic tale typically features
• Modern setting and characters
• Plain writing style that is not ornate or complex
• An unsettled atmosphere that may include supernatural events
• An ambiguous resolution, with a few unexplained mysteries

DIRECTIONS: Choose the best response.

1. Which of the following would you expect to see at the beginning of a Modern
Gothic story?
A. a drafty old mansion
B. a World War II army base
C. a saloon in the Wild West
D. a suburban home in Reno, Nevada

2. Which plot element would you expect to see as a Modern Gothic story begins?
A. an important revelation about a main character
B. an event that seems normal but feels slightly off
C. a disagreement between characters that escalates into violence
D. a technology problem that causes mass panic

3. Which of the following would you expect to see as a Modern Gothic story comes
toward its conclusion?
A. Ordinary events occur, and characters respond to them in ordinary ways.
B. Odd events pile up, and the characters begin to behave in very strange ways.
C. Odd events stop occurring, and the characters begin to figure out what caused
them.
D. Ordinary events occur, and characters respond by panicking.

4. Which of the following would you expect to see at the end of a Modern Gothic
story?
A. The odd events are not explained, and the mystery is not resolved.
B. The odd events are resolved, but the mysterious stranger in the town disappears.
C. The odd events are shown to be an illusion, and the characters are relieved.
D. The odd events are shown to be not at all odd, and the mystery is explained.

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 PRACTICE

Name: Date:

LITERARY STYLE

DIRECTIONS: Identify a book, short story, movie, TV show, or video game you
know that conforms to the Modern Gothic style. Describe the work by answering
the items below. Be as specific as possible in your descriptions.
Title

Setting: How is it normal? How it unusual?

Characters: How are they normal? How are they unusual?

Strange events that take place: What are the events? Why do they seem strange?
How do they conform to the Modern Gothic style?

Sense of mystery and tension: How is it created? How does the reader/viewer feel?

Ending: What resolution is met? What mysteries are still unexplained at the conclusion?

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 RETEACH

Name: Date:

SPEAKER’S CLAIMS AND EVIDENCE

The credibility of a speaker’s claims depends on three things: logic, evidence,

and sources.
• Logic: Before you evaluate a claim, first make sure that it is well-reasoned and makes
sense. Sometimes, simple common sense can help you assess a claim.
• Evidence: Evidence—including facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions—can
have varying degrees of credibility. For example, evidence that provides a reliable
source of its information is more credible than evidence that is presented without
sources.
• Sources: Sources can be in text or oral form. The best sources are recognized
institutions and experts on a specific topic. For example, a NASA publication, website,
or scientist is an excellent source for evidence about space topics. A non-professional
blogger, on the other hand, may not a very credible source. In general, a single
source is questionable. Multiple sources that agree tend to be highly credible.

DIRECTIONS: Evaluate each claim as low, moderate, or high in credibility.

Explain your assessment.
1. On an infomercial, individuals identifying themselves as doctors and scientists
claim that “electromagnetic” devices can heal sports injuries. The program sells
these devices to consumers. They show evidence from “scientific studies” that
prove their products work, but they don’t identify the studies.
Credibility:

2. A study published by the National Science Foundation makes the claim that
exercise alone does not help people lose weight. Though exercise burns calories, it
also increases appetite, so many people end up eating more on days that they
exercise.
Credibility:

3. A consumer magazine that has an excellent reputation and has been around for 20
years publishes an article that claims a certain car is highly reliable and gets the best
gas mileage of any car in its class. The magazine backs up its claim with data from its
own testing and from tests carried out by a government agency. A major newspaper
quotes the magazine in an article.
Credibility:

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 PRACTICE

Name: Date:

SPEAKER’S CLAIMS AND EVIDENCE

DIRECTIONS: Evaluate each claim as low, moderate, or high in credibility.

Explain your assessment.
1. A poll claims that Mayor Harkins will receive 60 percent of the vote in the
upcoming mayoral race. The poll was taken over the weekend at three different
malls in which over 250 people were asked their preference. Most of the people
claimed to be registered voters, but the pollsters didn’t ask for proof of registration.
Credibility:

2. A company is advertising a new Exercise Pill that gives people all of the benefits of a
strenuous work-out in pill form. The company cites studies from three different
laboratories that tested one of the ingredients in the pills on rats. In two of the studies,
the rats did show a small health benefit from the ingredient.
Credibility:

3. Rocco’s pizza restaurant makes the claim that they have the best pizza in the city. To
back up their claim, Rocco’s cites a popular rating website in which they were given a
4.5-star rating out of 5 stars and received over 1,000 reviews from customers. Rocco’s
also points to the latest issue of “City Beat” magazine, the city’s most popular
magazine, which rated Rocco’s as their top choice for pizza two years in a row.
Credibility:

4. Darrell has heard from several different friends that a new fishing lure is the best one
they’ve ever used for catching trout. All of the people who have used the lure have
raved about it. Darrell looked up the lure on the Internet and there was very little
information. He tried to find the lure on a popular fishing website and again, because
the lure is so new, there was not much information.
Credibility:

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 Name: Date:

DEVELOPMENT OF THEME

beware: do not read this poem/The Raven/Windigo

A poem’s theme or central idea is generally an insightful comment about life
or human nature. The theme may be very specific, or it may be universal or
general in nature. Typical themes include such topics as courage, love,
selfishness, or the danger of certainty.
A poet develops a theme using a variety of literary techniques and details.
Some themes are stated directly. Other themes may be stated indirectly,
requiring the reader to infer them from the overall text. Whether a theme is
stated directly or indirectly, details such as the speaker's tone and imagery, or
sensory language, help the author develop the theme.
DIRECTIONS: Fill in the empty boxes for items 1-3 with lines from the poems
that indicate the speaker’s tone or use of imagery that helps support the theme
shown. Then for items 4-6, add a theme suggested by the lines provided.

Poem Lines from poem Possible theme

1. beware: do not read this poem Beware of what you read.

You cannot return to the

2. The Raven past.

3. Windigo Beware of nature.

4. beware: do not read this poem this poem ain’t got no

manners

And the silken, sad,

uncertain rustling of
each purple curtain
5. The Raven Thrilled me- filled me
with fantastic terrors
never felt before
6. Windigo and I carried you home,
a river shaking in the
sun

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 RETEACH

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POINT OF VIEW

The perspective from which a story or poem is told is called a point of view. This
table provides clues for how you can determine a text’s point of view.

POINT OF VIEW NARRATOR OR SPEAKER PRONOUN CLUES

First-person • Narrator or speaker is part of the Narrator refers to him- or

story. herself, using I, me, my,
• Narrator or speaker is a character. our, we

Third-person • Narrator or speaker is not a Refers to characters using

character or part of the story. he, his, him, she, hers, her,
• Narrator or speaker might be they, their, them
omniscient, knowing what all of the
characters are thinking, doing, and
feeling.

DIRECTIONS: Identify the point of view for each passage. Explain your choice.

1. The Garden
In March the ground is naked, stark.
Nothing green, the soil is dark.
Six weeks later, what a scene:
All densely tangled up in green
And so it goes without diminish
Until December brings the finish.
I’ll see you next year!

2. Music Night
Laura was on fire that night at the club. She was playing and singing like she never
had in the past—for once she didn’t feel self-conscious. She was letting it all go,
holding back nothing. The crowd loved it. When it was over, the club owner asked
her to come back next week.

3. Four Seconds
I get the ball at mid-court. Four seconds to go. Everyone’s yelling “Shoot! Shoot!”
I suddenly think about breakfast. Odd! I shoot. It goes in. Long story short: we win!

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 PRACTICE

Name: Date:

POINT OF VIEW
DIRECTIONS: Identify the point of view for each passage. Explain your choice.

1. Me, Myself, and I

Me, Myself, and I
Went for a little walk.
I couldn’t get word in—
All Me would do was talk.
“Excuse Me,” I began—
Only to hear Myself interrupt.
I couldn’t help but glare at Myself for being so abrupt.
“What’s wrong with Me?” I asked Myself,
“Why do things seem so wrong?”
And then it finally hit me:
The three of Us don’t get along!

2. Whale
There it is, quivering on the beach,
Out of its element, round, gasping, ridiculous.
Little jets of water dribble out of its blowhole.
Whose idea was this?
What tragic thoughts would bring the creature to this?

3. Shopping
What a deal, these pants are great,
Thirty-seven ninety-eight!
And if they’re baggy in the waist,
The pockets ugly, oddly placed,
And if that color green is strange
Six months from now — hey, fashions change!

4. Cheese Omelet
How many days in a row can a person eat the same cheese omelet for breakfast and
not get tired of it? I’m trying to find out. So far, the omelet is winning, still tastes
nice and eggy after twenty-six days. I wonder how long I can keep this up.

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 RETEACH

Name: Date:

NARRATIVE

Writing a good narrative takes planning. Use this worksheet to plan a narrative
you can write that extends a well-known story in some way with respect to time
or place.
1. The Idea Think of a story from a book, movie, or TV show that you would like to
extend beyond its scope. For example, you might extend the scope of the well-
known story of “Beauty and the Beast” beyond the traditional story line.

2. Extending the Boundaries How you will extend the scope of your story?

3. The Plot How will the plot need to change to fit your ideas?

4. The Conclusion How will your story conclude?

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 PRACTICE

Name: Date:

NARRATIVE

DIRECTIONS: Create an outline for a narrative that extends the scope of a well-
known story, by adding a prequel or a sequel. Use the outline below as a guide.
I. Opening: Explain how you will use the characters and setting from the original
story. Introduce the new conflict or problem the characters face.

II. Rising action: List events in which the characters try to solve their problem.

III. Story climax: Describe the most interesting or exciting part of the story—the key
moment when the conflict is resolved.

IV. Conclusion: Describe how the situation will change, what the characters will learn,
and how they will change.

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 Name: Date:

NARRATIVE

Where Is Here?
Joyce Carol Oates

The best narratives carve out a place in your imagination that extends far
beyond the scope of the story itself. Use your own view of “Where Is Here?”
to plan the narrative you’ll write that will extend the story.

DIRECTIONS: Complete the following chart to plan your narrative.

Narrative choice:

Main idea

Detail/Event

Detail/Event

Detail/Event

Detail/Event

Conclusion

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PRACTICE ANSWER KEY
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
A. 1. Otto felt sad because the job was over.
2. The carrots are planted in the garden, and the flowers are planted next to the house.
3. The train schedule is hard to read, easy to lose, and probably inaccurate.
4. I left the stadium early, and I entered the subway before the concert was over.
5. Because she was a citizen of Australia, Mel had no problem getting a visa.

B. 1. complex
2. compound
3. simple
4. compound-complex
5. complex

C. Possible responses:
1. I like pizza for dinner, and I don’t mind eating it for breakfast. compound
2. Because she was hungry, the kitten jumped up on the table. complex
3. Hank felt angry before he learned that they were planning a surprise party for him.
Complex

RETEACH ANSWER KEY

TYPES OF PHRASES

1.
Preposition: after
Prepositional phrase: after dinner
Object of the preposition: dinner
Function of the prepositional phrase: an adverb that modifies the verb start
2.
Preposition: Before
Prepositional phrase: Before the game
Object of the preposition: game
Function of the prepositional phrase: an adverb that modifies the verb get
3.
Preposition: with
Prepositional phrase: with the enormous mustache
Object of the preposition: mustache
Function of the prepositional phrase: an adjective that modifies the noun guy

1
 4.
Prepositions: through, into
Prepositional phrases: through the yard; into the street
Object of the preposition: yard, street
Function of the prepositional phrase: adverbs that modify the verb walked
5.
Prepositions: from; with
Prepositional phrase: from Tia’s company; with a guarantee
Object of the preposition: company; guarantee
Function of the prepositional phrase: adjective modifies software; adverb modifies
comes

PRACTICE ANSWER KEY

TYPES OF PHRASES
A. 1. On the living room wall was a huge portrait of their dog.
2. Jake works for the senator from New Mexico.
3. If I snore in my sleep I am not aware of it.
4. The game is on channel five after the news.
5. Leah looked under the mattress and found a twenty-dollar bill.
6. The cat with the scarf around its neck jumped out the window and landed on its feet.

B. 1. object: wall, function: adverb modifies was; object: dog, function: adjective modifies
portrait
2. object: senator, function: adverb modifies works; object: New Mexico, function: adjective
modifies senator
3. object: sleep, function: adverb modifies snore; object: it, function: adverb modifies aware
4. object: channel five, function: adverb modifies is; object: news, function: adverb modifies
is
5. object: mattress, function: adverb modifies looked; object: bill, function: adverb modifies
took
6. object: scarf, function: adjective modifies cat; object: neck, function: adjective modifies
scarf; object: window, function: adverb modifies jumped; object: feet, function: adverb
modifies landed

2
 LITERARY STYLE
Where Is Here?
Joyce Carol Oates
Possible responses:

1.The setting is appropriate for Modern Gothic. It is a normal home in a seemingly normal town.
2.The characters have no names. They are just the “mother” and “father.”
3.The stranger seems odd in every way. His desire to enter the house seems like an intrusion. But
no one objects at first. Then the stranger starts describing memories of the house that seem
strange, like the water spot on the wall, and how dark the house was in his memory.
4.It becomes clear that there is something wrong with the stranger. He doesn’t seem to recognize
that he is not welcome. He also begins to say really odd things such as “We’ve all been
dead—they’ve all been dead—a long time.”
5.You fear that the stranger intends to commit some kind terrible deed. He never does do
anything, however.
6.The ending matches the Modern Gothic model well because after the stranger leaves, the house
seems to change and the mother and father start behaving differently, but the reader is left
with unanswered questions.

RETEACH ANSWER KEY

CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

Possible responses:

1.character’s actions in response to story events

2.description

3.character’s words in dialogue

4.character’s thoughts
5.character’s actions

3
PRACTICE ANSWER KEY
CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

Possible responses:

Title of book, story, movie, TV show, or video game: To Kill a Mockingbird

Dialogue, description, or action What it says about the characters

Jem and Scout find gifts left for them in the tree. The gifts come from Boo Radley. The gifts reveal that
rather than being some monster, Boo is actually a
kind person who wants to relate to the children.

“Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.” That The memory reveals Scout’s attitude toward her
was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a father. Atticus normally never preaches right and
sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maudie wrong to Scout; instead, he lets his actions do his
about it. talking.

“Your father’s right,” she said. “Mockingbirds don’t Miss Maudie’s words help reveal her own character
do one thing but make music for us to enjoy . . . and explain Atticus’s character. In this case, they are
but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a both saying that a person should not harm something
sin to kill a mockingbird.” like a mockingbird that adds beauty to the world.

Tom Robinson is accused of rape. Atticus Finch The actions of Atticus show that he is a man of
offers to represent him in court even though much principle and law who will not allow bigotry or hatred
of the town will hate Atticus for it. to cause him to turn away from what he knows is the
right thing to do.

“People generally see what they look for, and The words of Atticus show that he is aware that all
hear what they listen for.” people, including himself, are biased in some ways.
The quote suggests not to try to eliminate all biases,
but rather simply to recognize they exist, and make
sure not to indulge in them. This shows Atticus as
thoughtful and wise.

RETEACH ANSWER KEY

LITERARY STYLE

1.d

2.b

3.b

4.a

4
PRACTICE ANSWER KEY
LITERARY STYLE

Responses will vary. Sample responses:

Title
Twin Peaks
Setting:
Twin Peaks is set in a very normal town in the state of Washington.
Characters:
Agent Dale Cooper is a straight-arrow FBI agent. He has come to town to investigate
the murder of Laura Palmer.
Strange events that take place:
No one knows who killed Laura Palmer. But the more the show goes on, the more
you realize that almost all of the characters have some weird secret and are not who
they appear to be. For example, Laura Palmer, the victim, is not the sweet young
woman you think she is. She has been leading a double life. None of this is seen as
particularly unusual by the main characters.
Sense of mystery and tension:
Mystery and tension are created because you can’t trust any of the characters. Even
the “normal” characters seem to be hiding something and are not who you think they
are.
Ending:
Nothing is resolved at the end of Twin Peaks. This is in perfect keeping with the
Modern Gothic style.

RETEACH ANSWER KEY

SPEAKER’S CLAIMS AND EVIDENCE

Possible responses:

1.Credibility:Low. The doctors and scientists may be actors. The studies are not cited from a
credible source.
2.Credibility:Moderate to high. The study seems to have high credibility, but the fact that no
specific evidence from research is cited adds some reservations about the credibility.
3.Credibility:High. The magazine has high credibility, and their claim is backed up by another
strong source.

5
PRACTICE ANSWER KEY
SPEAKER’S CLAIMS AND EVIDENCE

Possible responses:

1.Credibility: Moderate.A poll taken at malls does not get a cross-section of the population.
More wealthy people would tend to be shopping at a mall, which would leave out low-
income voters.
2.Credibility:Moderate to low. The studies are credible, but they tested just one ingredient of the
drug on rats, not humans. Also, the results were said to be “small,” not large.
3.Credibility: High.The website is credible, the number of reviews and rating are impressive,
and the endorsement from City Beat is meaningful.
4.Credibility:Moderate. Although there is very little public information about the lure, the fact
that many people are very positive about it and provide anecdotal evidence by “word of
mouth” is significant.

ANSWER KEY
DEVELOPMENT OF THEME
beware: do not read this poem • The Raven • Windigo
Ishmael Reed • Edgar Allan Poe • Louise Erdrich

Students’ responses may vary. Possible responses:

Poem Lines from poem Possible theme

beware: do not read this the hunger of this poem is Beware of what you read.
poem legendary
it has taken in many victims
back off from this poem
(ll 19-21)

The Raven And my soul from out that You cannot return to the past.
shadow that lies floating on
the floor
Shall be lifted—nevermore!
(l 108)

Windigo But I spoke in the cold trees: Beware of nature

New one, I have come for
you, child hide and lie still.
(ll 9-10)

beware: do not read this this poem ain’t got no Poetry is above the rules of
poem manners society.

The Raven And the silken, sad, Strong grief affects people’s
uncertain rustling of each sensibilities
purple curtain Thrilled me-

6
 filled me with fantastic
terrors never felt before

Windigo and I carried you home, a Embracing fear can make it go

river shaking in the sun away.

RETEACH ANSWER KEY

POINT OF VIEW

1.The Garden
First-person because the contraction I’ll is used in the passage.
2.Music Night
Third-person because the narrator is not part of the action, but uses the pronoun her and
knows what the character was feeling.
3.Four Seconds
First-person because the narrator is clearly describing a personal experience and uses
pronouns I and we.

PRACTICE ANSWER KEY

POINT OF VIEW

1.Me, Myself, and I

It could seem like third person, with characters named Me, Myself, and I. However, in the
last line, the phrase “the three of us” shows that the speaker is included as either Me,
Myself, or I, so this is first person.
2.Whale
Third-person because the speaker does not mention him/herself and is not part of the
description.
3.Shopping
Third-person because there are no first-person pronouns.
4.Cheese Omelet
First-person because it describes a personal experience and the narrator refers to
him/herself as I.