C - 1 Hydro Basic

HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY OF THE OCEAN
AND COAST – INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR

APPLICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF
BANGLADESH
Mohammad Nashir Uddin

IHO-CAT B, Diploma in Cartography, UT, NL.
Senior Hydrographer (Planning)
Chittagong Port Authority
INTRODUCTION
• Map making has been integral part of the
human story for last 8000 years
• From the cave painting to the 21st century

people have been creating and using maps
• It serves as a record of the advancement of

knowledge of the human race
2
AIM
To apprise about the Hydrographic survey of
the ocean and coast – Instruments and their
application in the context of Bangladesh
3
SCOPE
• General Definition
• Instruments used in Hydrography
• Hydrographic Ships Used in Survey
• Hydrographic Instruments
4
HYDROGRAPHY
Hydrography may be defined as that branch of
applied science which deals with the
measurement and description of the physical
features of the Navigable portion of the earth
surface & adjoining coastal with special
reference to their use for the purpose of
Navigation
5
HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic survey includes the survey &

investigation of the depth of water,
configuration and nature of bottom, direction
and force of currents, heights and times of tides
etc
6
INSTRUMENTS USED IN SURVEY
• Level
• Leveling Rod
• Theodolite
• DGPS/GPS Receiver
• Motion Sensor
• Single Beam Echo Sounder
• Multi Beam Echo Sounder
7
INSTRUMENTS USED IN SURVEY
• Side Scan Sonar

• Tide Gauge
• Sound Velocimeter
• Current Meter
• Sub Bottom Profiler
• Laptop
• Bottom Sampler
8
LEVEL
A level is a simple, robust
instrument which enables the
observer to define a horizontal line
of sight. Its essential parts are
telescope and sensitive bubble.
Most levels are fitted with
horizontal circle which enables
these to be used to measure
horizontal angles. Generally level
is used to determine the height
difference between two or more
points 9
LEVELING ROD
A level staff, also
called levelling rod, is a
graduated wooden or
aluminium rod, used with
a leveling instrument to
determine the difference in
height between points or
heights of points above a
datum surface. It cannot be
used without a leveling
instrument 10
DGPS/GPS RECEIVER
DGPS is an enhancement
to Global Positioning System that
provides improved location
accuracy, from the 15-meter
nominal GPS accuracy to about
10 cm in case of the best
implementations. DGPS uses a
network of fixed, ground-based
reference stations to broadcast
the difference between the
positions indicated by the GPS
satellite systems and the known
fixed positions 11
THEODOLITE
A theodolite is a precision instrument
for measuring angles in the horizontal
and vertical planes. It is used mainly
for surveying applications, and have
been adapted for specialized purposes
in fields. A modern theodolite consists
of a movable telescope mounted within
two perpendicular axes-the horizontal
or turn-on axis, and the vertical axis.
When the telescope is pointed at a
target object, the angle of each of these
axes can be measured with great
precision, typically to seconds of arc
12
MOTION SENSOR
A motion sensor may be used,
specifically the heave component
(in single beam echo sounding) to
reduce soundings for the motion
of the vessel experienced on the
water's surface. Once all of the
uncertainties of each sensor are
established, the hydrographer will
create an uncertainty budget to
determine whether the survey
system meets the requirements
laid down by IHO
13
SINGLE BEAM ECHO SOUNDER
Single beam Echo sounders use one emitting and receiving
“transducer”, which releases a series of energy pulses in the
form of sound waves, “ensonifying” (filling with sound) a small
area underneath the boat. The time lag between the sound
being emitted and its returning echo is used to calculate water
depth beneath the boat
14
MULTI BEAM ECHO SOUNDER
A Multibeam Echo Sounder is a type of sonar that is

used to map the seabed. Like other sonar
systems, Multibeam systems emit sound waves in a
fan shape beneath a ship's hull. The amount of time it
takes for the sound waves to bounce off the seabed
and return to a receiver is used to determine
water depth
15
SIDE SCAN SONAR
Side-scan sonar is a category of sonar system
that is used to efficiently create an image of large
areas of the sea floor. Side-scan uses a sonar
device that emits conical or fan-shaped pulses
down toward the seafloor across a wide angle
perpendicular to the path of the sensor through
the water, which may be towed from a surface
vessel or submarine, or mounted on the
ship's hull. The intensity of
the acoustic reflections from the seafloor of this
fan-shaped beam is recorded in a series of
cross-track slices
16
TIDE GAUGE
A tide gauge (also known as mareograph or marigraph) is a
device for measuring the change in sea level relative to a
datum. Sensors continuously record the height of the water
level with respect to a height reference surface close to the
geoid
17
SOUND VELOCIMETER
A sound velocity probe is a device that is
used for measuring the speed of sound,
specifically in the water column, for
oceanographic and hydrographic research
purposes. For many applications
of sonar the speed of sound can be
assumed to be an average speed of 1500
meters per second. However, the speed of
sound in seawater can vary from 1440 to
1570 meters per second. As the
relationship of speed, time and distance are
dependent, in order to accurately measure
the distance one must also know the time
of transmit to receive and the speed of
sound in water accurately
18
CURRENT METER
A current meter is oceanographic device for flow
measurement by mechanical (rotor current meter), tilt (Tilt
Current Meter), acoustical (ADCP) or electrical means. There
are two basic types of acoustic current meters: Doppler and
Travel Time. Both methods use a ceramic transducer to emit a
sound into the water
19
SUB BOTTOM PROFILER
Sub-bottom profiling systems are ideal for identifying
and characterizing layers of sediment or rock under
the seafloor. All profilers have excellent penetration
and high resolution. They cover all depth ranges
20
LAPTOP
A laptop, often called a notebook, is a
portable personal computer with a clamshell form
factor, with a keyboard on the lower part of the
"clamshell" and a thin computer screen on the upper
portion, which is opened up to use the
computer. During survey data acquisition is done by
using laptop
21
BOTTOM SAMPLER
One of various types of apparatus capable of piercing
the sea bottom and retaining a sample of the deposit
when brought to the surface. It is used to collect
samples of sediments during survey to find out the
nature of sea floor. This information helps the
navigator to find out the suitable anchor birth for
vessels
22
HYDROGRAPHIC SHIPS
23
HDROGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUMENT MODEL
Single Beam Echo Sounder EA-400, OE-3000, E-sea sound-103,
Knudsen 320 M, Atlas Deso 300, Echo
Trac
Multi Beam Echo Sounder EM 3002D, EM 1002
Side Scan Sonar Micrel CM-800, Edgetech 4125
Tide Gauge Tide Master, Waterlog, Valeport

Theodolite 0552, T-2, Sokkia-2
Sound Velocity Meter SV510S/D06, Valeport, Mors SV530S
Current Meter Aquadropp 6000, Sontek, Rem-07
DGPS Receiver Acquraious-2, Promark-500, GS-10,

R330, Javad, Trimble, Leica
Laptop DELL, ASUS, IBM, HP, Macbook
Sub Bottom Profiler Edgetech SB 216S
24
THANK YOU
AOB
7

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HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY OF THE OCEAN

AND COAST – INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR

Mohammad Nashir Uddin

• From the cave painting to the 21st century

• It serves as a record of the advancement of

Hydrographic survey includes the survey &

• Side Scan Sonar

A Multibeam Echo Sounder is a type of sonar that is

Tide Gauge Tide Master, Waterlog, Valeport

Current Meter Aquadropp 6000, Sontek, Rem-07

DGPS Receiver Acquraious-2, Promark-500, GS-10,

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