LLC Agreement (Operating Company)
LLC Agreement (Operating Company)
[between/among]
[COMPANY NAME]
and
[THE MEMBERS NAMED HEREIN]
dated as of
[Date]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................5
Section 1.01 Definitions.................................................................................................5
Section 1.02 Interpretation...........................................................................................13
ARTICLE II ORGANIZATION..........................................................................................14
Section 2.01 Formation................................................................................................14
Section 2.02 Name.......................................................................................................14
Section 2.03 Principal Office........................................................................................14
Section 2.04 Registered Office; Registered Agent......................................................14
Section 2.05 Purpose; Powers.....................................................................................15
Section 2.06 Term........................................................................................................15
ARTICLE III CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS................................15
Section 3.01 Initial Capital Contributions.....................................................................15
Section 3.02 Additional Capital Contributions..............................................................15
Section 3.03 Maintenance of Capital Accounts...........................................................18
Section 3.04 Succession Upon Transfer.....................................................................19
Section 3.05 Negative Capital Accounts......................................................................19
Section 3.06 No Withdrawals From Capital Accounts.................................................19
Section 3.07 Loans From Members.............................................................................20
Section 3.08 Modifications...........................................................................................20
ARTICLE IV MEMBERS..................................................................................................20
Section 4.01 Admission of New Members...................................................................20
Section 4.02 No Personal Liability...............................................................................21
Section 4.03 No Withdrawal.........................................................................................21
Section 4.04 No Interest in Company Property...........................................................21
Section 4.05 Certification of Membership Interests.....................................................21
ARTICLE V ALLOCATIONS............................................................................................22
Section 5.01 Allocation of Net Income and Net Loss..................................................22
Section 5.02 Regulatory and Special Allocations........................................................22
Section 5.03 Tax Allocations........................................................................................23
Section 5.04 Allocations in Respect of Transferred Membership Interests.................24
ARTICLE VI DISTRIBUTIONS........................................................................................24
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Section 6.01 Distributions of Cash Flow and Capital Proceeds..................................24
Section 6.02 Tax Withholding; Withholding Advances................................................25
Section 6.03 Distributions in Kind................................................................................26
ARTICLE VII MANAGEMENT.........................................................................................27
Section 7.01 Management of the Company................................................................27
Section 7.02 Actions Requiring Approval of Members................................................27
Section 7.03 Officers....................................................................................................29
Section 7.04 [Action Without Meeting..........................................................................29
Section 7.05 Informational Rights................................................................................29
Section 7.06 Budget.....................................................................................................29
Section 7.07 Deadlock.................................................................................................30
Section 7.08 Other Activities; Business Opportunities................................................31
Section 7.09 Compensation and Reimbursement of Managing Member....................32
Section 7.10 [Removal of Managing Member..............................................................32
Section 7.11 Resignation of Managing Member..........................................................32
ARTICLE VIII EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION...............................................32
Section 8.01 Exculpation of Covered Persons............................................................33
Section 8.02 Liabilities and Duties of Covered Persons..............................................33
Section 8.03 Indemnification........................................................................................34
Section 8.04 Survival...................................................................................................37
ARTICLE IX TRANSFER.................................................................................................37
Section 9.01 Restrictions on Transfer..........................................................................37
Section 9.02 Permitted Transfers................................................................................38
ARTICLE X ACCOUNTING; TAX MATTERS.................................................................38
Section 10.01 Financial Statements............................................................................39
Section 10.02 Inspection Rights..................................................................................39
Section 10.03 Income Tax Status................................................................................40
Section 10.04 Tax Matters Representative..................................................................40
Section 10.05 Tax Returns..........................................................................................42
Section 10.06 Company Funds....................................................................................42
ARTICLE XI DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION...........................................................42
Section 11.01 Events of Dissolution............................................................................42
Section 11.02 Effectiveness of Dissolution..................................................................43
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Section 11.03 Liquidation.............................................................................................43
Section 11.04 Cancellation of Certificate.....................................................................44
Section 11.05 Survival of Rights, Duties and Obligations...........................................45
Section 11.06 Recourse for Claims.............................................................................45
ARTICLE XII MISCELLANEOUS....................................................................................45
Section 12.01 Expenses..............................................................................................45
Section 12.02 Further Assurances..............................................................................45
Section 12.03 Confidentiality.......................................................................................45
Section 12.04 Notices..................................................................................................47
Section 12.05 Headings...............................................................................................48
Section 12.06 Severability...........................................................................................48
Section 12.07 Entire Agreement..................................................................................48
Section 12.08 Successors and Assigns.......................................................................49
Section 12.09 No Third-Party Beneficiaries.................................................................49
Section 12.10 Amendment...........................................................................................49
Section 12.11 Waiver...................................................................................................49
Section 12.12 Governing Law......................................................................................50
Section 12.13 Submission to Jurisdiction....................................................................50
Section 12.14 Waiver of Jury Trial...............................................................................50
Section 12.15 Equitable Remedies..............................................................................50
Section 12.16 [Attorneys' Fees....................................................................................51
Section 12.17 Remedies Cumulative...........................................................................51
Section 12.18 Counterparts.........................................................................................51
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LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
This Limited Liability Company Agreement of [COMPANY NAME], a Delaware limited
liability company (the "Company"), is entered into as of [DATE] by and among the Company,
[MEMBER NAME] a [STATE OF ORGANIZATION] [corporation/[OTHER ENTITY TYPE]]
(the "Majority Member"), and [MEMBER NAME] a [STATE OF ORGANIZATION]
[corporation/[OTHER ENTITY TYPE]] (the "Minority Member").
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Company was formed under the laws of the State of Delaware by the
filing of a Certificate of Formation with the Secretary of State of Delaware (the "Secretary of
State") on [DATE] (the "Certificate of Formation") for the purposes set forth in 13Section
II.05 of this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Members wish to enter into this Agreement setting forth the terms and
conditions governing the operation and management of the Company.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements
hereinafter set forth and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of
which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Section I.01 Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall
have the meanings set forth in this 5Section I.01:
"Adjusted Capital Account Deficit" means, with respect to any Member, the deficit
balance, if any, in such Member's Capital Account as of the end of the relevant Fiscal Year, after
giving effect to the following adjustments:
(a) crediting to such Capital Account any amount that such Member is
obligated to restore or is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to Treasury
Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(c), 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i); and
"Affiliate" means, with respect to any Person, any other Person who, directly or
indirectly (including through one or more intermediaries), controls, is controlled by, or is under
common control with, such Person. For purposes of this definition, "control," when used with
respect to any specified Person, shall mean the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the
direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through ownership of voting
securities or partnership or other ownership interests, by contract or otherwise; and the terms
"controlling" and "controlled" shall have correlative meanings.
5
"Agreement" means this Limited Liability Company Agreement, as executed and as it
may be amended, modified, supplemented or restated from time to time, as provided herein.
"Applicable Law" means all applicable provisions of (a) constitutions, treaties, statutes,
laws (including the common law), rules, regulations, decrees, ordinances, codes, proclamations,
declarations or orders of any Governmental Authority; (b) any consents or approvals of any
Governmental Authority; and (c) any orders, decisions, advisory or interpretative opinions,
injunctions, judgments, awards, decrees of, or agreements with, any Governmental Authority.
"Bankruptcy" means, with respect to a Member, the occurrence of any of the following:
(a) the filing of an application by such Member for, or a consent to, the appointment of a trustee
of such Member's assets; (b) the filing by such Member of a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or
the filing of a pleading in any court of record admitting in writing such Member's inability to pay
its debts as they come due; (c) the making by such Member of a general assignment for the
benefit of such Member's creditors; (d) the filing by such Member of an answer admitting the
material allegations of, or such Member's consenting to, or defaulting in answering a bankruptcy
petition filed against such Member in any bankruptcy proceeding; or (e) the expiration of [sixty
(60)/[NUMBER]] days following the entry of an order, judgment or decree by any court of
competent jurisdiction adjudicating such Member a bankrupt or appointing a trustee of such
Member's assets.
"Book Depreciation" means, with respect to any Company asset for each Fiscal Year,
the Company's depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deductions determined for
federal income tax purposes, except that if the Book Value of an asset differs from its adjusted
tax basis at the beginning of such Fiscal Year, Book Depreciation shall be an amount which
bears the same ratio to such beginning Book Value as the federal income tax depreciation,
amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such Fiscal Year bears to such beginning
adjusted tax basis; provided, that if the adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes of an asset
at the beginning of such Fiscal Year is zero and the Book Value of the asset is positive, Book
Depreciation shall be determined with reference to such beginning Book Value using any
permitted method selected by [unanimous consent of the Members/the Managing Member] in
accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(g)(3).
"Book Value" means, with respect to any Company asset, the adjusted basis of such asset
for federal income tax purposes, except as follows:
(a) the initial Book Value of any Company asset contributed by a Member to
the Company shall be the gross Fair Market Value of such Company asset as of the date
of such contribution;
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(c) the Book Value of all Company assets shall be adjusted to equal their
respective gross Fair Market Values, as reasonably determined by the Members, as of the
following times:
(d) [provided, that adjustments pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) above need not
be made if the [Members unanimously determine/Managing Member reasonably
determines] that such adjustment is not necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative
economic interests of the Members and that the absence of such adjustment does not
adversely and disproportionately affect any Member;]
(e) the Book Value of each Company asset shall be increased or decreased, as
the case may be, to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted tax basis of such Company
asset pursuant to Code Section 734(b) or Code Section 743(b), but only to the extent that
such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Account balances
pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m); provided, that Book
Values shall not be adjusted pursuant to this paragraph (d) to the extent that an
adjustment pursuant to paragraph (c) above is made in conjunction with a transaction that
would otherwise result in an adjustment pursuant to this paragraph (d); and
(f) if the Book Value of a Company asset has been determined pursuant to
paragraph (a) or adjusted pursuant to paragraphs (c) or (d) above, such Book Value shall
thereafter be adjusted to reflect the Book Depreciation taken into account with respect to
such Company asset for purposes of computing Net Income and Net Losses.
"Business Day" means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which
commercial banks in the City of New York are authorized or required to close.
7
"Buy-Sell Offer Notice" has the meaning set forth in 26(b).
"Capital Contribution" means, for any Member, the total amount of cash and cash
equivalents and the Book Value of any property contributed to the Company by such Member.
"Delaware Act" means the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, Title 6, Chapter
18, §§ 18-101, et seq.
"Electronic Transmission" means any form of communication not directly involving the
physical transmission of paper, including the use of, or participation in, one or more electronic
networks or databases (including one or more distributed electronic networks or databases), that
creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof and that may
be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.
"Fair Market Value" of any asset as of any date means the purchase price that a willing
buyer having all relevant knowledge would pay a willing seller for such asset in an arm's length
transaction, as determined jointly by the Members.
"Fiscal Year" means the calendar year, unless the Company is required to have a taxable
year other than the calendar year, in which case Fiscal Year shall be the period that conforms to
its taxable year.
8
"GAAP" means United States generally accepted accounting principles in effect from
time to time.
"Joinder Agreement" means the joinder agreement in form and substance attached
hereto as Exhibit A.
"Managing Member" means, initially, the Minority Member, or such other Member as
may be designated or become the Managing Member pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
"Member" means (a) the Majority Member and Minority Member and (b) each Person
who is hereafter admitted as a Member in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the
Delaware Act. The Members shall constitute the "members" (as that term is defined in the
Delaware Act) of the Company.
"Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain" means an amount, with respect to each
Member Nonrecourse Debt, equal to the Company Minimum Gain that would result if the
Member Nonrecourse Debt were treated as a Nonrecourse Liability, determined in accordance
with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).
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items of income, gain, loss and deduction of the Company; (b) to its distributive share of the
assets of the Company; (c) to vote on, consent to or otherwise participate in any decision of the
Members as provided in this Agreement; and (d) to any and all other benefits to which such
Member may be entitled as provided in this Agreement or the Delaware Act. The Membership
Interest of each Member shall be expressed as a percentage interest and shall be [the same
proportion that such Member's total Capital Contribution bears to the total Capital Contributions
of all Members/as set forth on Schedule A].
"Net Income" and "Net Loss" mean, for each Fiscal Year or other period specified in this
Agreement, an amount equal to the Company's taxable income or taxable loss, or particular items
thereof, determined in accordance with Code Section 703(a) (where, for this purpose, all items of
income, gain, loss or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to Code Section 703(a)
(1) shall be included in taxable income or taxable loss), but with the following adjustments:
(a) any income realized by the Company that is exempt from federal income
taxation, as described in Code Section 705(a)(1)(B), shall be added to such taxable
income or taxable loss, notwithstanding that such income is not includable in gross
income;
(c) any gain or loss resulting from any disposition of Company property with
respect to which gain or loss is recognized for federal income tax purposes shall be
computed by reference to the Book Value of the property so disposed, notwithstanding
that the adjusted tax basis of such property differs from its Book Value;
(d) any items of depreciation, amortization and other cost recovery deductions
with respect to Company property having a Book Value that differs from its adjusted tax
basis shall be computed by reference to the property's Book Value (as adjusted for Book
Depreciation) in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(g);
(e) if the Book Value of any Company property is adjusted as provided in the
definition of Book Value, then the amount of such adjustment shall be treated as an item
of gain or loss and included in the computation of such taxable income or taxable loss;
and
(f) to the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company
property pursuant to Code Sections 732(d), 734(b) or 743(b) is required, pursuant to
Treasury Regulations Section 1.704 1(b)(2)(iv)(m), to be taken into account in
determining Capital Accounts, the amount of such adjustment to the Capital Accounts
shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or
loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis).
10
"Non-Managing Member" means at any time the Member that is not the Managing
Member.
"Nonrecourse Deductions" has the meaning set forth in Treasury Regulations Section
1.704-2(b).
"Nonrecourse Liability" has the meaning set forth in Treasury Regulations Section
1.704-2(b)(3).
"Representative" means, with respect to any Person, any and all directors, officers,
employees, consultants, financial advisors, counsel, accountants and other agents of such Person.
"Revised Partnership Audit Rules" has the meaning set forth in 35(c).
"Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, any other Person of which a majority of
the outstanding shares or other equity interests having the power to vote for directors or
comparable managers are owned, directly or indirectly, by the first Person.
11
"Taxing Authority" has the meaning set forth in 22(b).
"Transfer" means to, directly or indirectly, sell, transfer, assign, pledge, encumber,
hypothecate or similarly dispose of, either voluntarily or involuntarily, by operation of law or
otherwise, or to enter into any contract, option or other arrangement or understanding with
respect to the sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation or similar
disposition of, any Membership Interests owned by a Person or any interest (including a
beneficial interest or any direct or indirect economic or voting interest) in any Membership
Interests owned by a Person[[; provided that none of an issuance, disposition, redemption or
repurchase of any equity securities in the ultimate parent entity of a Member shall be deemed to
be a Transfer of Membership Interests]/[, including by means of a disposition of equity interests
in a Member or in a Person that directly or indirectly holds any equity interests in a Member]].
"Transfer" when used as a noun shall have a correlative meaning. "Transferor" and
"Transferee" mean a Person who makes or receives a Transfer, respectively.
"Treasury Regulations" means the final or temporary regulations issued by the United
States Department of Treasury pursuant to its authority under the Code, and any successor
regulations.
Section I.02 Interpretation. For purposes of this Agreement: (a) the words "include,"
"includes" and "including" shall be deemed to be followed by the words "without limitation"; (b)
the word "or" is not exclusive; and (c) the words "herein," "hereof," "hereby," "hereto" and
"hereunder" refer to this Agreement as a whole. The definitions given for any defined terms in
this Agreement shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined.
Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine,
feminine and neuter forms. Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein: (x) to
Articles, Sections, and Exhibits mean the Articles and Sections of, and Exhibits attached to, this
Agreement; (y) to an agreement, instrument or other document means such agreement,
instrument or other document as amended, supplemented or modified from time to time to the
extent permitted by the provisions thereof; and (z) to a statute means such statute as amended
from time to time and includes any successor legislation thereto and any regulations promulgated
thereunder. This Agreement shall be construed without regard to any presumption or rule
requiring construction or interpretation against the party drafting an instrument or causing any
instrument to be drafted. The Exhibits and Schedules referred to herein shall be construed with,
and as an integral part of, this Agreement to the same extent as if they were set forth verbatim
herein.
ARTICLE II
ORGANIZATION
(a) The Company was formed on [DATE], pursuant to the provisions of the
Delaware Act, upon the filing of the Certificate of Formation with the Secretary of State.
12
(b) This Agreement shall constitute the "limited liability company agreement"
(as that term is used in the Delaware Act) of the Company. The rights, powers, duties,
obligations and liabilities of the Members shall be determined pursuant to the Delaware
Act and this Agreement. To the extent that the rights, powers, duties, obligations and
liabilities of any Member are different by reason of any provision of this Agreement than
they would be under the Delaware Act in the absence of such provision, this Agreement
shall, to the extent permitted by the Delaware Act, control.
Section II.02 Name. The name of the Company is "[COMPANY NAME]" or such other
name or names as may be designated by [the Managing Member/unanimous consent of the
Members]; provided, that the name shall always contain the words "Limited Liability Company"
or the abbreviation "L.L.C." or the designation "LLC." [The Managing Member shall give
prompt notice to the Members of any change to the name of the Company.]
Section II.03 Principal Office. The principal office of the Company is located at
[ADDRESS], or such other place as may from time to time be determined by the Managing
Member. The Managing Member shall give prompt notice of any such change to each of the
Members.
(a) The registered office of the Company shall be the office of the initial
registered agent named in the Certificate of Formation or such other office (which need
not be a place of business of the Company) as the Managing Member may designate from
time to time in the manner provided by the Delaware Act and Applicable Law.
(b) The registered agent for service of process on the Company in the State of
Delaware shall be the initial registered agent named in the Certificate of Formation or
such other Person or Persons as the Managing Member may designate from time to time
in the manner provided by the Delaware Act and Applicable Law.
(b) The Company shall have all the powers necessary or convenient to carry
out the purposes for which it is formed, including the powers granted by the Delaware
Act.
Section II.06 Term. The term of the Company commenced on the date the Certificate of
Formation was filed with the Secretary of State and shall continue in existence perpetually until
the Company is dissolved in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
ARTICLE III
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
13
Section III.01 Initial Capital Contributions. Contemporaneously with the execution of
this Agreement, each Member has made an initial Capital Contribution and is deemed to own
Membership Interests in the amounts set forth opposite such Member's name on Schedule A
attached hereto. The Managing Member shall update Schedule A upon the issuance or Transfer
of any Membership Interests to any new or existing Member in accordance with this Agreement.
(b) If any Member shall fail to timely make, or notifies the other Member that
it shall not make, all or any portion of any Additional Capital Contribution which such
Member is obligated to make under 14(a), then such Member shall be deemed to be a
"Non-Contributing Member". The non-defaulting Member (the "Contributing
Member") shall be entitled, but not obligated, to loan to the Non-Contributing Member,
by contributing to the Company on its behalf, all or any part of the amount (the "Default
Amount") that the Non-Contributing Member failed to contribute to the Company (each
such loan, a "Default Loan"), provided, that such Contributing Member shall have
contributed to the Company its pro rata share of the applicable Additional Capital
Contribution. Such Default Loan shall be treated as an Additional Capital Contribution
by the Non-Contributing Member. Each Default Loan shall bear interest (compounded
monthly on the first day of each calendar month) on the unpaid principal amount thereof
from time to time remaining from the date advanced until repaid, at the lesser of (i)
[PERCENTAGE]% per annum or (ii) the maximum rate permitted at law (the "Default
Rate"). [Each Default Loan shall be recourse [debt/solely to the Non-Contributing
Member's Membership Interest].] Default Loans shall be repaid out of the distributions
that would otherwise be made to the Non-Contributing Member under 21ARTICLE VI or
38ARTICLE XII, as more fully provided for in 15(d). So long as a Default Loan is
outstanding, the Non-Contributing Member shall have the right to repay the Default Loan
(together with interest then due and owing) in whole or in part. Upon the repayment in
full of all Default Loans (but not upon their conversion as provided in 15(c)) made in
14
respect of a Non-Contributing Member (and so long as the Non-Contributing Member is
not otherwise a Non-Contributing Member), such Non-Contributing Member shall cease
to be a Non-Contributing Member.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, any amount that
otherwise would be paid or distributed to a Non-Contributing Member pursuant to
21ARTICLE VI shall not be paid to the Non-Contributing Member but shall be deemed
paid and applied on behalf of such Non-Contributing Member (i) first, to accrued and
unpaid interest on all Default Loans (in the order of their original maturity date), (ii)
second to the principal amount of such Default Loans (in the order of their original
maturity date) and (iii) third, to any Additional Capital Contribution of such Non-
Contributing Member that has not been paid and is not deemed to have been paid.
15
Capital Contribution is made, at the cost and expense of the Non-Contributing
Member[; or]
(iv) [force a sale of the Company to a third party other than an Affiliate
of any of the Members on commercially reasonable market terms as reasonably
determined by the Contributing Member; provided, that if the Non-Contributing
Member pays the unfunded portion of its required Additional Capital Contribution
prior to the Contributing Member's election of a forced sale, the Contributing
Member shall no longer have the right to force a sale of the Company under this
[Section 3.02(e)(iv)].]
(g) Except as set forth in this 14Section III.02, neither Member shall be
required to make additional Capital Contributions or make loans to the Company.
Section III.03 Maintenance of Capital Accounts. The Company shall establish and
maintain for each Member a separate capital account (a "Capital Account") on its books and
records in accordance with this 16Section III.03. Each Capital Account shall be established and
maintained in accordance with the following provisions:
(a) Each Member's Capital Account shall be increased by the amount of:
(ii) any Net Income or other item of income or gain allocated to such
Member pursuant to 19ARTICLE V; and
(iii) any liabilities of the Company that are assumed by such Member
or secured by any property distributed to such Member.
(i) the cash amount or Book Value of any property distributed to such
Member pursuant to 21ARTICLE VI and 37(c);
16
(ii) the amount of any Net Loss or other item of loss or deduction
allocated to such Member pursuant to 19ARTICLE V; and
Section III.04 Succession Upon Transfer. In the event that any Membership Interests
are Transferred in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Transferee shall succeed to
the Capital Account of the Transferor to the extent it relates to the Transferred Membership
Interests and, subject to 21Section V.04, shall receive allocations and distributions pursuant to
19ARTICLE V, 21ARTICLE VI and 36ARTICLE XI in respect of such Membership Interests.
Section III.05 Negative Capital Accounts. In the event that any Member shall have a
deficit balance in its Capital Account, such Member shall have no obligation, during the term of
the Company or upon dissolution or liquidation of the Company, to restore such negative balance
or make any Capital Contributions to the Company by reason thereof, except as may be required
by Applicable Law or in respect of any negative balance resulting from a withdrawal of capital
or dissolution in contravention of this Agreement.
Section III.07 Loans From Members. Loans by any Member to the Company shall not
be considered Capital Contributions and shall not affect the maintenance of such Member's
Capital Account, other than to the extent provided in 15(c) and 16ARTICLE III(iii), if
applicable.
Section III.08 Modifications. The foregoing provisions and the other provisions of this
Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with
Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b) and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner
consistent with such Treasury Regulations. If the Managing Member determines that it is prudent
to modify the manner in which the Capital Accounts, or any increases or decreases to the Capital
Accounts, are computed in order to comply with such Treasury Regulations, the Managing
Member may authorize such modifications.
ARTICLE IV
MEMBERS
17
(a) New Members may be admitted from time to time (i) in connection with
the issuance of Membership Interests by the Company, subject to compliance with the
provisions of 24(d), and (ii) in connection with a Transfer of Membership Interests,
subject to compliance with the provisions of 32ARTICLE IX, and in either case,
following compliance with the provisions of 18(b).
(b) In order for any Person not already a Member of the Company to be
admitted as a Member, whether pursuant to an issuance or Transfer of Membership
Interests, such Person shall have executed and delivered to the Company a written
undertaking substantially in the form of the Joinder Agreement. Upon the amendment of
Schedule A of the Agreement by the Managing Member and the satisfaction of any other
applicable conditions, including the receipt by the Company of payment for the issuance
of Membership Interests, such Person shall be admitted as a Member and deemed listed
as such on the books and records of the Company. The Managing Member shall also
adjust the Capital Accounts of the Members as necessary in accordance with 16Section
III.03.
(c) Any Member who proposes to Transfer its Membership Interest (or any
portion thereof) shall (i) be responsible for the payment of expenses incurred by it in
connection with such Transfer, whether or not consummated, and (ii) except in
connection with a Transfer pursuant to 26Section VII.07, reimburse the Company and the
other Member for all reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and
expenses) incurred by or on behalf of the Company or such other Member in connection
with such proposed Transfer, whether or not consummated; provided, however, that in
the event that both Members Transfer their Membership Interests (or any portion thereof)
in connection with such Transfer, each Member shall only be responsible to reimburse
the Company for its pro rata portion (based on such Member's portion of the total
Membership Interests Transferred) of the Company's expenses incurred in connection
with such Transfer.
Section IV.02 No Personal Liability. Except as otherwise provided in the Delaware Act,
by Applicable Law or expressly in this Agreement, no Member will be obligated personally for
any debt, obligation or liability of the Company or other Members, whether arising in contract,
tort or otherwise, solely by reason of being a Member.
18
irrevocably waives during the term of the Company any right that such Member may have to
maintain any action for partition with respect to the property of the Company.
(a) The Managing Member may, but shall not be required to, issue certificates
to the Members representing the Membership Interests held by such Member.
ARTICLE V
ALLOCATIONS
Section V.01 Allocation of Net Income and Net Loss. For each Fiscal Year (or portion
thereof), after giving effect to the special allocations set forth in 19Section V.02, Net Income and
Net Loss of the Company shall be allocated among the Members pro rata in accordance with
their Membership Interests.
19
Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(f)(6) and 1.704-2(j)(2). This 19Section V.02 is
intended to comply with the "minimum gain chargeback" requirement in Treasury
Regulations Section 1.704-2(f) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(e) The allocations set forth in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) above (the
"Regulatory Allocations") are intended to comply with certain requirements of the
Treasury Regulations under Code Section 704. Notwithstanding any other provisions of
this 19ARTICLE V (other than the Regulatory Allocations), the Regulatory Allocations
shall be taken into account in allocating Net Income and Net Losses among Members so
that, to the extent possible, the net amount of such allocations of Net Income and Net
Losses and other items and the Regulatory Allocations to each Member shall be equal to
the net amount that would have been allocated to such Member if the Regulatory
Allocations had not occurred.
(a) Subject to 21(b), 21(c) and 21(d), all income, gains, losses and deductions
of the Company shall be allocated, for federal, state and local income tax purposes,
among the Members in accordance with the allocation of such income, gains, losses and
deductions pursuant to 19Section V.01 and 19Section V.02, except that if any such
allocation for tax purposes is not permitted by the Code or other Applicable Law, the
Company's subsequent income, gains, losses and deductions shall be allocated among the
Members for tax purposes, to the extent permitted by the Code and other Applicable Law,
20
so as to reflect as nearly as possible the allocation set forth in 19Section V.01 and
19Section V.02.
(b) Items of Company taxable income, gain, loss and deduction with respect
to any property contributed to the capital of the Company shall be allocated among the
Members in accordance with Code Section 704(c) and the traditional method with
curative allocations of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3(c), so as to take account of
any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the Company for federal
income tax purposes and its Book Value.
(c) If the Book Value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to Treasury
Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f) as provided in clause (c) of the definition of
Book Value in 5Section I.01, subsequent allocations of items of taxable income, gain,
loss and deduction with respect to such asset shall take account of any variation between
the adjusted basis of such asset for federal income tax purposes and its Book Value in the
same manner as under Code Section 704(c).
(d) Allocations of tax credit, tax credit recapture and any items related thereto
shall be allocated to the Members according to their interests in such items as determined
by the Managing Member taking into account the principles of Treasury Regulations
Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(ii).
(e) Allocations pursuant to this 20Section V.03 are solely for purposes of
federal, state and local taxes and shall not affect, or in any way be taken into account in
computing, any Member's Capital Account or share of Net Income, Net Losses,
distributions or other items pursuant to any provisions of this Agreement.
ARTICLE VI
DISTRIBUTIONS
(a) Any available cash of the Company, after allowance for payment of all
Company obligations then due and payable, including debt service and operating
expenses and for such reasonable reserves as [the Members may agree
upon/contemplated in the Budget], shall be distributed to the Members, on at least a
quarterly basis, pro rata in accordance with their respective Membership Interests.
21
to the amount of such Additional Capital Contribution or outstanding Default Loan,
together with interest accrued thereon) shall not be paid to such Member but shall be
deemed distributed to such Member and applied on behalf of such Member pursuant to
15(d).
(a) Tax Withholding. Each Member agrees to furnish the Company with any
representations and forms as shall be reasonably requested by the Managing Member to
assist it in determining the extent of, and in fulfilling, any withholding obligations it may
have.
22
Interest shall cease to accrue from the time the Member on whose behalf
the Withholding Advance was made repays such Withholding Advance (and all accrued
interest) by either method of repayment described above.
(e) Overwithholding. Neither the Company nor the Managing Member shall
be liable for any excess taxes withheld in respect of any distribution or allocation of
income or gain to a Member. In the event of an overwithholding, a Member's sole
recourse shall be to apply for a refund from the appropriate Taxing Authority.
ARTICLE VII
MANAGEMENT
Section VII.01 Management of the Company. The business and affairs of the
Company shall be managed by the Managing Member. Subject to the provisions of 24Section
VII.02, the Managing Member shall have full and complete discretion to manage and control the
business and affairs of the Company, to make all decisions affecting the business and affairs of
the Company and to take all such actions as it deems necessary or appropriate to accomplish the
purposes of the Company set forth in 13Section II.05; provided, that the Managing Member shall
23
manage the Company in accordance with the Budget. The actions of the Managing Member
taken in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement shall bind the Company. No other
Member of the Company shall have any authority or right to act on behalf of or bind the
Company, unless otherwise provided herein or unless specifically authorized by the Managing
Member pursuant to a resolution expressly authorizing such action which resolution is duly
adopted by the Managing Member.
(b) Make any material change to the nature of the Business conducted by the
Company or enter into any business other than the Business;
(d) Incur any indebtedness, pledge or grant liens on any assets or guarantee,
assume, endorse or otherwise become responsible for the obligations of any other Person,
except to the extent approved or authorized in the Budget;
(e) Make any loan, advance or capital contribution in any Person, except to
the extent approved or authorized in the Budget;
(f) Appoint or remove the Company's auditors or make any changes in the
accounting methods or policies of the Company (other than as required by GAAP);
(g) Enter into, amend [in any material respect], waive or terminate any
Related Party Agreement [other than the entry into a Related Party Agreement that is on
an arm's length basis and on terms no less favorable to the Company than those that could
be obtained from an unaffiliated third party];
24
(j) Establish a Subsidiary or enter into any joint venture or similar business
arrangement;
(k) Settle any lawsuit, action, dispute or other proceeding or otherwise assume
any liability [with a value in excess of $[AMOUNT]] or agree to the provision of any
equitable relief by the Company;
Section VII.04 [Action Without Meeting. Any matter that is to be voted on,
consented to or approved by Members may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and
without a vote if consented to, in writing or by Electronic Transmission, by a Member or
Members having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to
authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all members entitled to vote thereon were
present and voted. A record shall be maintained by the Managing Member of each such action
taken by written consent of a Member or Members.]
(a) The initial business plan and [[monthly/quarterly] and] annual budget for
the Company through the Fiscal Year ending [DATE] (the "Initial Budget"), which have
previously been approved by the Members, are attached hereto as Schedule B. The
25
Budget shall include detailed capital and operating expense budgets, cash flow
projections (which shall include amounts and due dates of all projected calls for
Additional Capital Contributions) and profit and loss projections. The Managing Member
shall operate the Company in accordance with the Initial Budget (the Initial Budget, as it
may be updated or replaced in accordance with 26(b) is referred to herein as the
"Budget").
(b) At least [sixty (60)/[NUMBER]] days before the beginning of each Fiscal
Year (commencing with the Fiscal Year ending [DATE]), the Managing Member shall
prepare and submit to the Non-Managing Member proposed revisions (including any
extensions thereof) to the Budget for such upcoming Fiscal Year. Not later than
[NUMBER] days following its receipt of the proposed revisions, the Non-Managing
Member must, by written notice to the Managing Member, either approve or disapprove
the revised Budget. If the Non-Managing Member shall not have responded in writing to
the proposed revisions prior to the end of such [NUMBER] day period, the Non-
Managing Member will be deemed to have approved the revised Budget. If the Non-
Managing Member disapproves of the proposed revisions, then the Members shall use
good faith efforts to agree on a revised Budget. The Managing Member shall continue to
operate the Company in accordance with the existing Budget until a revised Budget is
approved by both Members.
(a) If the Members are unable to agree on any of the matters described in
24Section VII.02 and such disagreement continues for [NUMBER] days despite good
faith deliberations by the Members, then either Member shall be entitled to exercise the
buy-sell rights set forth in this 26Section VII.07 by delivering a Buy-Sell Offer Notice (as
defined herein).
(c) Within [thirty (30)/[NUMBER]] days after the Buy-Sell Offer Notice is
received (the "Buy-Sell Election Date"), the Responding Member shall deliver to the
Initiating Member a written notice (the "Response Notice") stating whether it elects to (i)
sell all of its Membership interests to the Initiating Member for the Buy-out Price or (ii)
buy all of the Membership Interests owned by the Initiating Member for the Sell-out
Price. The failure of the Responding Member to deliver the Response Notice by the Buy-
26
Sell Election Date shall be deemed to be an election to sell all of its Membership Interests
to the Initiating Member at the Buy-out Price.
(d) The closing of any purchase and sale of Membership Interests pursuant to
this 26Section VII.07 shall take place [NUMBER] days after the Response Notice is
delivered or deemed to have been delivered or some other date mutually agreed upon by
the parties. The Buy-out Price or the Sell-out Price, as the case may be, shall be paid at
closing by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated in
writing by the selling Member (the "Selling Member"). At the closing, the Selling
Member shall deliver to the purchasing Member (the "Purchasing Member") good and
marketable title to its Membership Interests, free and clear of all liens and encumbrances.
Each Member agrees to cooperate and take all actions and execute all documents
reasonably necessary or appropriate to reflect the purchase of the Selling Member's
Membership Interest by the Purchasing Member.
(a) Nothing contained in this Agreement shall prevent any Member, including
the Managing Member, or any of its Affiliates from engaging in any other activities or
businesses, regardless of whether those activities or businesses are similar to or
competitive with the Business. None of the Members nor any of their Affiliates shall be
obligated to account to the Company or to the other Member for any profits or income
earned or derived from other such activities or businesses. [Except as otherwise provided
in 27(b),] [n/N]one of the Members nor any of their Affiliates shall be obligated to inform
the Company or the other Member of any business opportunity of any type or description.
27
incurred by the Managing Member on behalf of the Company in carrying out the Company's
business activities, including, without limitation, salaries of officers and employees of the
Managing Member who are carrying out the Company's business activities. All reimbursements
for expenses shall be reasonable in amount [and shall not exceed [amounts set forth in the
Budget/$[AMOUNT]] in the aggregate for any Fiscal Year].
ARTICLE VIII
EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION
(a) Covered Persons. As used herein, the term "Covered Person" shall mean
(i) each Member, including the Managing Member; (ii) each officer, director,
stockholder, partner, member, Affiliate, employee, agent or representative of each
Member; and (iii) each Officer, employee, agent or representative of the Company.
28
which distributions might properly be paid) of the following Persons or groups: (i)
another Member; (ii) one or more Officers or employees of the Company; (iii) any
attorney, independent accountant, appraiser or other expert or professional employed or
engaged by or on behalf of the Company; or (iv) any other Person selected in good faith
by or on behalf of the Company, in each case as to matters that such relying Person
reasonably believes to be within such other Person's professional or expert competence.
The preceding sentence shall in no way limit any Person's right to rely on information to
the extent provided in § 18-406 of the Delaware Act.]
(a) Limitation of Liability. This Agreement is not intended to, and does not,
create or impose any fiduciary duty on any Covered Person. Furthermore, each of the
Members and the Company hereby waives any and all fiduciary duties that, absent such
waiver, may be implied by Applicable Law, and in doing so, acknowledges and agrees
that the duties and obligation of each Covered Person to each other and to the Company
are only as expressly set forth in this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement, to
the extent that they restrict the duties and liabilities of a Covered Person otherwise
existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Members to replace such other duties and
liabilities of such Covered Person.
29
(i) any act or omission or alleged act or omission performed or
omitted to be performed on behalf of the Company, any Member or any direct or
indirect Subsidiary of the foregoing in connection with the Business of the
Company; or
provided, that (x) such Covered Person acted in good faith and in a
manner believed by such Covered Person to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of
the Company and within the scope of such Covered Person's authority conferred on him
or it by the Company and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable
cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, and (y) such Covered Person's conduct did not
constitute fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct or a material breach or knowing
violation of this Agreement by such Covered Person[, in each case as determined by a
final, nonappealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction]. In connection with the
foregoing, the termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order,
settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of
itself, create a presumption that the Covered Person did not act in good faith or, with
respect to any criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such Covered
Person's conduct was unlawful, or that the Covered Person's conduct constituted fraud,
gross negligence, willful misconduct or a material breach or knowing violation of this
Agreement.
30
(c) Reimbursement. The Company shall promptly reimburse (and/or advance
to the extent reasonably required) each Covered Person for reasonable legal or other
expenses (as incurred) of such Covered Person in connection with investigating,
preparing to defend or defending any claim, lawsuit or other proceeding relating to any
Losses for which such Covered Person may be indemnified pursuant to this 29Section
VIII.03; provided, that if it is finally judicially determined that such Covered Person is
not entitled to the indemnification provided by this 29Section VIII.03, then such Covered
Person shall promptly reimburse the Company for any reimbursed or advanced expenses.
(g) Savings Clause. If this 29Section VIII.03 or any portion hereof shall be
invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Company shall
nevertheless indemnify and hold harmless each Covered Person pursuant to this Section
8.03 to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Section 8.03 that
shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law.
31
which the Company and each such Covered Person intend to be legally bound. No
amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 8.03 that adversely affects the rights of
a Covered Person to indemnification for Losses incurred or relating to a state of facts
existing prior to such amendment, modification or repeal shall apply in such a way as to
eliminate or reduce such Covered Person's entitlement to indemnification for such Losses
without the Covered Person's prior written consent.
Section VIII.04 Survival. The provisions of this 28ARTICLE VIII shall survive
the dissolution, liquidation, winding up and termination of the Company.
ARTICLE IX
TRANSFER
(i) except as permitted under the Securities Act and other applicable
federal or state securities or blue sky laws, and then, with respect to a Transfer of
Membership Interests, only upon delivery to the Company of an opinion of
counsel in form and substance satisfactory to the Company to the effect that such
Transfer may be effected without registration under the Securities Act;
(iv) if such Transfer or issuance would cause the Company to lose its
status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes;
32
(v) if such Transfer or issuance would cause the Company to be
required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended; or
Section IX.02 Permitted Transfers. The provisions of 32(a) shall not apply to any
Transfer by any Member of all or any portion of its Membership Interest to its Affiliate.
ARTICLE X
ACCOUNTING; TAX MATTERS
Section X.01 Financial Statements. The Company shall furnish to each Member the
following reports:
33
consolidated balance sheets of the Company as at the end of each such fiscal quarter and
for the current Fiscal Year to date and unaudited consolidated statements of income, cash
flows and Members' equity for such fiscal quarter and for the current Fiscal Year to date,
in each case setting forth in comparative form the figures for the corresponding periods of
the previous fiscal quarter, all in reasonable detail and all prepared in accordance with
GAAP, consistently applied (subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the
absence of notes thereto), and certified by the principal financial or accounting officer of
the Company.
Section X.02 Inspection Rights. Upon reasonable notice from a Member, the Company
shall afford such Member and its Representatives access during normal business hours to (i) the
Company's properties[, offices, plants and other facilities]; (ii) the corporate, financial and
similar records, reports and documents of the Company, including all books and records, minutes
of proceedings, internal management documents, reports of operations, reports of adverse
developments, copies of any management letters and communications with Members (including
the Managing Member), and to permit each Member and its Representatives to examine such
documents and make copies thereof or extracts therefrom; and (iii) any Officers, senior
employees and accountants of the Company, and to afford each Member and its Representatives
the opportunity to discuss and advise on the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company with
such Officers, senior employees and accountants (and the Company hereby authorizes such
employees and accountants to discuss with such Member and its Representatives such affairs,
finances and accounts); provided that (x) the requesting Member shall bear its own expenses and
all reasonable expenses incurred by the Company in connection with any inspection or
examination requested by such Member pursuant to this 34Section X.02 and (y) if the Company
provides or makes available any report or written analysis for any Member pursuant to this
34Section X.02, it shall promptly provide or make available such report or analysis to or for the
other Member.
Section X.03 Income Tax Status. It is the intent of this Company and the Members that
this Company shall be treated as a partnership for U.S., federal, state and local income tax
purposes. Neither the Company nor any Member shall make an election for the Company to be
classified as other than a partnership pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-3.
34
DESIGNATED INDIVIDUAL] as the sole person authorized to act on behalf of the Tax
Matters Representative in US federal tax audits and proceedings (the "Designated
Individual"). The Designated Individual may resign at any time. The Designated
Individual may be removed at any time by the Tax Matters Representative. The Tax
Matters Representative shall resign if it is no longer a Member, and the Designated
Individual shall resign if it is no longer a[n] [EMPLOYEE/OFFICER/OTHER STATUS]
of [ENTITY]. In the event of the resignation of the Tax Matters Representative, the Non-
Managing Member shall select a replacement. In the event of the resignation or removal
of the Designated Individual, the Tax Matters Representative shall select a replacement.
(d) Tax Returns and Tax Deficiencies. Each Member agrees that such
Member shall not treat any Company item inconsistently on such Member's federal, state,
foreign or other income tax return with the treatment of the item on the Company's
return. Any deficiency for taxes imposed on any Member (including penalties, additions
to tax or interest imposed with respect to such taxes and any taxes imposed pursuant to
Code Section 6226) will be paid by such Member and if required to be paid (and actually
paid) by the Company, will be recoverable from such Member as provided in 23(d).
35
(e) Section 754. The Tax Matters Representative will make an election under
Code Section 754, if requested in writing by another Member.
Section X.05 Tax Returns. At the expense of the Company, the Managing Member (or
any Officer that it may designate pursuant to 25Section VII.03) shall endeavor to cause the
preparation and timely filing (including extensions) of all tax returns required to be filed by the
Company pursuant to the Code as well as all other required tax returns in each jurisdiction in
which the Company own property or do business. [The Managing Member shall provide the
Non-Managing Member, for its review and comment, copies of all tax returns prior to the filing
thereof.] As soon as reasonably possible after the end of each Fiscal Year, the Managing
Member or designated Officer will cause to be delivered to each Person who was a Member at
any time during such Fiscal Year, IRS Schedule K-1 to Form 1065 and such other information
with respect to the Company as may be necessary for the preparation of such Person's federal,
state and local income tax returns for such Fiscal Year.
Section X.06 Company Funds. All funds of the Company shall be deposited in its
name, or in such name as may be designated by the Managing Member, in such checking,
savings or other accounts, or held in its name in the form of such other investments as shall be
designated by the Managing Member. The funds of the Company shall not be commingled with
the funds of any other Person. All withdrawals of such deposits or liquidations of such
investments by the Company shall be made exclusively upon the signature or signatures of such
Officer or Officers as the Managing Member may designate.
ARTICLE XI
DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
Section XI.01 Events of Dissolution. The Company shall be dissolved and its affairs
wound up only upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
(b) The Bankruptcy of a Member, unless within [NUMBER] days after the
occurrence of such Bankruptcy, the other Member agrees in writing to continue the
business of the Company;
36
(d) The sale, exchange, involuntary conversion, or other disposition or
Transfer of all or substantially all the assets of the Company; or
(a) Liquidator. The Managing Member shall act as liquidator to wind up the
Company (the "Liquidator"), unless the Company is being dissolved pursuant to 36(b)
or 36(c) based on the Bankruptcy or a breach by the Managing Member, in which case
the Liquidator shall be the Non-Managing Member. The Liquidator shall have full power
and authority to sell, assign, and encumber any or all of the Company's assets and to wind
up and liquidate the affairs of the Company in an orderly and business-like manner.
(c) Distribution of Proceeds. The Liquidator shall liquidate the assets of the
Company and distribute the proceeds of such liquidation in the following order of
priority, unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of Applicable Law:
(i) first, to the payment of all of the Company's debts and liabilities to
its creditors (including Members, if applicable) and the expenses of liquidation
(including sales commissions incident to any sales of assets of the Company);
37
set forth in 37(c), if upon dissolution of the Company the Liquidator reasonably
determines that an immediate sale of part or all of the Company's assets would be
impractical or could cause undue loss to the Members, the Liquidator may defer the
liquidation of any assets except those necessary to satisfy Company liabilities and
reserves, and may[, upon unanimous consent of the Members,] distribute to the Members,
in lieu of cash, as tenants in common and in accordance with the provisions of 37(c),
undivided interests in such Company assets as the Liquidator deems not suitable for
liquidation. Any such distribution in kind shall be subject to such conditions relating to
the disposition and management of such properties as the Liquidator deems reasonable
and equitable and to any agreements governing the operating of such properties at such
time. For purposes of any such distribution, any property to be distributed will be valued
at its Fair Market Value, as determined by the Liquidator in good faith.
Section XI.06 Recourse for Claims. Each Member shall look solely to the assets of the
Company for all distributions with respect to the Company, such Member's Capital Account, and
such Member's share of Net Income, Net Loss and other items of income, gain, loss and
deduction, and shall have no recourse therefor (upon dissolution or otherwise) against the
Liquidator or any other Member.
ARTICLE XII
MISCELLANEOUS
Section XII.01 Expenses. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs
and expenses, including fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants,
incurred in connection with the preparation and execution of this Agreement, or any amendment
or waiver hereof, and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be paid by the party incurring
such costs and expenses.
Section XII.02 Further Assurances. In connection with this Agreement and the
transactions contemplated hereby, the Company and each Member hereby agrees, at the request
of the Company or any other Member, to execute and deliver such additional documents,
38
instruments, conveyances and assurances and to take such further actions as may be required to
carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.
(a) Each Member acknowledges that during the term of this Agreement, it
will have access to and become acquainted with trade secrets, proprietary information
and confidential information belonging to the Company and its Affiliates that are not
generally known to the public, including, but not limited to, information concerning
business plans, financial statements and other information provided pursuant to this
Agreement, operating practices and methods, expansion plans, strategic plans, marketing
plans, contracts, customer lists or other business documents that the Company treats as
confidential, in any format whatsoever (including oral, written, electronic or any other
form or medium) (collectively, "Confidential Information"). In addition, each Member
acknowledges that: (i) the Company has invested, and continues to invest, substantial
time, expense and specialized knowledge in developing its Confidential Information; (ii)
the Confidential Information provides the Company with a competitive advantage over
others in the marketplace; and (iii) the Company would be irreparably harmed if the
Confidential Information were disclosed to competitors or made available to the public.
Without limiting the applicability of any other agreement to which any Member is
subject, no Member shall, directly or indirectly, disclose or use (other than solely for the
purposes of such Member monitoring and analyzing its investment in the Company) [at
any time], including, without limitation, use for personal, commercial or proprietary
advantage or profit, [either during its association with the Company or thereafter,] any
Confidential Information of which such Member is or becomes aware. Each Member in
possession of Confidential Information shall take all appropriate steps to safeguard such
information and to protect it against disclosure, misuse, espionage, loss and theft.
(b) Nothing contained in 39(a) shall prevent any Member from disclosing
Confidential Information: (i) upon the order of any court or administrative agency; (ii)
upon the request or demand of any regulatory agency or authority having jurisdiction
over such Member; (iii) to the extent compelled by legal process or required or requested
pursuant to subpoena, interrogatories or other discovery requests; (iv) to the extent
necessary in connection with the exercise of any remedy hereunder; (v) to the other
Member; (vi) to such Member's Representatives who, in the reasonable judgment of such
Member, need to know such Confidential Information and agree to be bound by the
provisions of this 39Section XII.03 as if a Member; or (vii) to any potential Permitted
Transferee in connection with a proposed Transfer of Membership Interests from such
Member, as long as such Transferee agrees to be bound by the provisions of this
39Section XII.03 as if a Member; provided, that in the case of clause (i), (ii) or (iii), such
Member shall notify the Company and other Member of the proposed disclosure as far in
advance of such disclosure as practicable (but in no event make any such disclosure
before notifying the Company and other Member) and use reasonable efforts to ensure
that any Confidential Information so disclosed is accorded confidential treatment
satisfactory to the Company, when and if available.
39
(c) The restrictions of 39(a) shall not apply to Confidential Information that:
(i) is or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure by
a Member in violation of this Agreement; (ii) is or has been independently developed or
conceived by such Member without use of Confidential Information; or (iii) becomes
available to such Member or any of its Representatives on a non-confidential basis from a
source other than the Company, the other Member or any of their respective
Representatives, provided, that such source is not known by the receiving Member to be
bound by a confidentiality agreement regarding the Company.
(d) [The obligations of each Member under this 39Section XII.03 shall
survive (i) the termination, dissolution, liquidation and winding up of the Company, (ii)
the withdrawal of such Member from the Company, and (iii) such Member's Transfer of
its Membership Interests.
OR
The obligations of each Member under this 39Section XII.03 shall survive
for so long as such Member remains a Member, and for [NUMBER] years following the
earlier of (i) termination, dissolution, liquidation and winding up of the Company, (ii) the
withdrawal of such Member from the Company, and (iii) such Member's Transfer of its
Membership Interests.]
40
If to Majority Member: [MAJORITY MEMBER ADDRESS]
Facsimile: [FAX NUMBER]
E-mail: [E-MAIL ADDRESS]
Attention: [TITLE OF OFFICER TO
RECEIVE NOTICES]
with a copy to: [MAJORITY MEMBER LAW FIRM]
Facsimile: [FAX NUMBER]
E-mail: [E-MAIL ADDRESS]
Attention: [ATTORNEY NAME]
If to Minority Member: [MINORITY MEMBER ADDRESS]
Facsimile: [FAX NUMBER]
E-mail: [E-MAIL ADDRESS]
Attention: [TITLE OF OFFICER TO
RECEIVE NOTICES]
with a copy to: [MINORITY MEMBER LAW FIRM]
Facsimile: [FAX NUMBER]
E-mail: [E-MAIL ADDRESS]
Attention: [ATTORNEY NAME]
Section XII.05 Headings. The headings in this Agreement are inserted for
convenience or reference only and are in no way intended to describe, interpret, define, or limit
the scope, extent or intent of this Agreement or any provision of this Agreement.
Section XII.07 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with the Certificate
of Formation and all related Exhibits and Schedules, constitutes the sole and entire agreement of
the parties to this Agreement with respect to the subject matter contained herein and therein, and
supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and
warranties, both written and oral, with respect to such subject matter.
41
Section XII.08 Successors and Assigns. Subject to the restrictions on Transfers
set forth herein, this Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties
hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and permitted assigns.
This Agreement may not be assigned by any Member except as permitted by this Agreement and
any assignment in violation of this Agreement shall be null and void.
Section XII.11 Waiver. No waiver by any party of any of the provisions hereof
shall be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by the party so waiving. No
waiver by any party shall operate or be construed as a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or
default not expressly identified by such written waiver, whether of a similar or different
character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in
exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement shall operate or be
construed as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power
or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other
right, remedy, power or privilege. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained in this
38Section XII.01 shall diminish any of the explicit and implicit waivers described in this
Agreement, including in 43Section XII.14 hereof.
Section XII.12 Governing Law. All issues and questions concerning the
application, construction, validity, interpretation and enforcement of this Agreement shall be
governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without
giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Delaware
or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of laws of any jurisdiction other than
those of the State of Delaware.
Section XII.13 Submission to Jurisdiction. The parties hereby agree that any
suit, action or proceeding seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out
of or in connection with, this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, whether in
contract, tort or otherwise, shall be brought in the United States District Court for the District of
Delaware or in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court lacks subject
matter jurisdiction, in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware), so long as one of such courts
42
shall have subject-matter jurisdiction over such suit, action or proceeding, and that any case of
action arising out of this Agreement shall be deemed to have arisen from a transaction of
business in the State of Delaware. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to the
jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit,
action or proceeding and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection
that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding
in any such court or that any such suit, action or proceeding that is brought in any such court has
been brought in an inconvenient form. Service of process, summons, notice or other document
by registered mail to the address set forth in 40Section XII.04 shall be effective service of
process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court.
Section XII.14 Waiver of Jury Trial. Each party hereto hereby acknowledges
and agrees that any controversy that may arise under this Agreement is likely to involve
complicated and difficult issues and, therefore, each such party irrevocably and unconditionally
waives any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any legal action arising out of or
relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section XII.16 [Attorneys' Fees. In the event that any party hereto institutes any
legal suit, action or proceeding, including arbitration, against another party in respect of a matter
arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the prevailing party in the suit, action or proceeding
shall be entitled to receive, in addition to all other damages to which it may be entitled, the costs
incurred by such party in conducting the suit, action or proceeding, including reasonable
attorneys' fees and expenses and court costs.]
Section XII.17 Remedies Cumulative. The rights and remedies under this
Agreement are cumulative and are in addition to and not in substitution for any other rights and
remedies available at law or in equity or otherwise, except to the extent expressly provided in
29Section VIII.02 to the contrary.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed as of
the date first written above by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized.
The Company:
[COMPANY NAME]
By:_____________________
Name:
Title:
The Members:
[MEMBER NAME]
By:_____________________
Name:
Title:
[MEMBER NAME]
By:_____________________
Name:
Title:
44
EXHIBIT A
45
SCHEDULE A
MEMBERS SCHEDULE
46
SCHEDULE B
BUDGET
47