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Literary Elements

*I can define various literary elements.

Plot Symbol
Climax
Setting Allusion
3rd Omniscient
Protagonist
Motivation 3rd Limited
Antagonist
Internal Conflict Conflict
Suspense
External Conflict 1st Person
Mood
Exposition
Point of View Foreshadowing
Resolution
Flashback
Verbal irony Rising Action
Central Idea
Dramatic irony Theme Indirect Characterization
Direct Characterization
Situational irony Falling Action
Plot
(Once upon a time…)
Plot: The sequence of events that take place in a story.
Exposition: sets up the story by telling
background, setting, & characters

Rising Action: main part of the story where


problems arise

Climax: point of greatest intensity; the turning


point
Plot
Falling Action: contains dialogue & action
that lead to a satisfying ending

Resolution: satisfying ending telling how


problems are resolved

…and they lived happily ever after.


Plot Line
Climax

Fa
on

lli
cti

ng
gA

Ac
sin

tio
Ri

n
Exposition
Resolution
Setting
Time
&
Place

(It was a dark and scary night….)


Characterization
Authors present believable
Indirect
characters by:
Characterization:
•character’s actions & words author
reveals character’s
•character’s appearance personality
through thoughts,
•character’s inner thoughts
words, actions, etc.
•character’s background

•what other characters think &


say about the character
Direct
•narrator commenting directly Characterization:
about a character author tells reader
about the character
Character
Motivation
The reason a character
behaves
in a certain way
Conflict!
é The struggle that takes place between two opposing forces.

EXTERNAL: INTERNAL:
(outside the character) (within the character’s
mind)
★person versus person
★person versus self
★person versus nature
★person versus society
Point of View
Who is telling the story?
★1st person: a character speaks directly to
the reader & refers to him/herself as “I” --
this allows readers to experience the thoughts
and emotions of the main character
★3rd person: a narrator who is not a
character & refers to all characters as “he” or
“she”--this allows readers to experience the
thoughts and emotions of several characters
Suspense
What will happen next?
I can’t stand
the suspense!
The author’s ability to
make the reader
uncertain or tense
about what is to
happen next.
Mood
What emotion is this writing trying to
make me feel?
The atmosphere or
feeling that runs
through a work of
literature. Writers
create mood usually
through their choice of
details & description
Foreshadowing
The use of clues or hints by the
author to prepare the reader for
future developments in a story

Foreshadowing helps us
make predictions…and
then we want to read on
to see if our predictions
come true!
An
interruption of
the action in a
story to tell
about
FLASH something that BACK
happened
earlier in
time.
Story’s Plot Story’s Plot

Flashback
Central Idea & Theme
What is the author What can I learn
trying to tell us? What about how to live
is his message? my life?

Central Idea is the universal life subject


found in a work of literature (friendship, fear,
love, determination, etc.)
Theme is the life lesson learned from the
Central Idea, stated in sentence form.
Irony
A contrast between
what is stated and
what is really meant,
or between what is
expected to happen
and what actually
does happen.
Protagonist:
The central or main character in a story.

Antagonist:
Works versus the protagonist.
Symbol
Any person, place, or thing which has meaning in
itself but which is made to represent, or stand
for, something else as well.
Allusion

• a reference in a literary
work to a person, place, or
thing in history or another
work of literature

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Practice!!!!
Last week you read “Duffy’s Jacket” in your
literature book.

Using your notes, identify as many literary


elements in the story (i.e. the setting, conflict,
main characters, etc.)

Read your book when you are finished.


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