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 COVER CAPTION

This month our cover is out of this world,

about 600 miles out to be exact, That is the
altitude at which Alouette II will orbit the
earth and telemeter back information con ..
cerning the ionosphere. For more informa-
tion on this and other Canadian space
achievements see page 2.

ARTICLES page
Canada's Space Program 2
War on the Front Doorstep - Part One 9
Milestone at Lincoln Park 18
Do-It-Yourself Aircraft 22
Judo in the RCAF 26
PHOTO STORIES
The New Flag Flies 15
We Will Remember Him 16
Three Years of Yukon Operations 24
FEATURETTES
Father and Son on Parade 21
Bertrand Steward Essay Winner 21
New Ice Arena at Comox 28
Canadian Forces Biathlon Team 28
Subterranean Fish Story 29
RCAF Officer in Hall of Fame 29
DEPARTMENTS
On the Break 1
RCAF Association 30
Letters to the Editor 32
Aircraft Album inside back cover

Authorized as Second Class Mail, Post Office Department, Ottawa.

 ON
7lE

AccoDING to Robert Service, in introduc- A PERSONALLY nostalgic incident from the

ing that rollicking tale of Sam McGee's war years is related in "Milestone at Lincoln
cremation in the Yukon 60-odd years ago, Park" (page 18). It features an embryo pilot
"the northern lights have seen queer making his first runway-landing at Calgary
sights. . ." Queer sights, indeed, are still in a Stearman trainer.
being found in Canada's northern latitudes Mr. Archie Pennie, whose milestone this
where, for more than a decade, scientists was, is now deputy chairman of the Defence
have been probing the ionosphere with bal- Research Board in Ottawa. A few months
loons, rockets and satellites. ago ROUNDEL published his operational
This month's lead article (page 2) des- memoirs under the title "Blenheim Occa-
F/L H. A.Halliday
cribes Canada's contribution to space-age sions."
technology and provides a glimpse into some
of the programs for the future. The story
was researched and written by ROUNDEL ']'ovc the medium of his art work on
assistant editor F/L Tom Coughlin. the cover and on the inside pages of ROUN-
DEL, Cpl. Claude Rousseau has ably demon-
strated his artistic abilities. But what most
?esyr-DAY anti-submarine patrols off readers don't know is that Cpl. Rousseau is
Canada's east coast were featured in last also a flier, who has been piloting light air-
month's ROUNDEL picture-story entitled craft around the Ottawa area for the past
"Argus Ops". This month the first of a three- two years and is the proud possessor of a
Mr. A.M. Pennie
part article, "War on the Front Doorstep" private pilot license.
( page 9), tells the colourful story of the Now he is branching out. In addition to
men who preceded Argus aircrews on similar flying aeroplanes, he is helping to build one
duty during World War II. as he outlines in interesting fashion in the
Author F/L Hugh Halliday, of the direc- article, "Do-It-Yourself Aircraft" (see
torate of historical services, as well as many page 22).
of those who today fly in Maritime Air
Command, was but a babe in arms when
Eastern Air Command crews operated over
' the North Atlantic a quarter of a century
' ago.

Cpl. C. Rousseau

MARCH, 1965 1
 CANADA'S SPACE PROGRAM
By FLIGHT LIEUTENANT T. G. COUGHLIN
Assistant Editor, ROUNDEL

5ou time this summer an Ameri- Alouette I is still faithfully sending ley's Bay, near Ottawa and Prince
can Thor-Agena rocket will blast back a steady stream of scientific in- Albert, Sask. The station at Prince
off from Vandenberg Air Force Base formation. At time of writing, it has Albert, however, is now primarily
in California putting Alouette II, provided scientists with approxima- concerned with carrying out funda-
Canada's second satellite into orbit. tely 6,500 miles of magnetic tape mental research employing its 80-
If Alouette II performs as efficiently recordings and it has been estimated foot diameter radar antenna. An-
as its predecessor, and there is every that this satellite will continue to or- other location in Canada where sa-
reason to believe that it will, then bit the earth for approximately tellites are tracked is the Primrose
Canada's space program will be well 2,000 years. An illustration of the Lake Evaluation Range at RCAF
established. international interest in the Alouette Station Cold Lake. At this site
It was on 29 Sep. '62 that Alou- project can be seen by the fact that RCAF personnel use a Baker-Nunn
ette I soared into the sky as Canada's 13 telemetry stations in various lo- camera for tracking.*
entry into the space age.* This De- cations around the world collect da- Alouette II is part of a $25 million
fence Research Board-produced"top- ta from the spacecraft. They include space program extending from 1964
side sounder", now nearing its third three built in Canada by the DRB:
birthday in space, has been de- located at Resolute Bay, NWT; Shir- ROUNDEL Oct. '62.
scribed by an American scientist,
Mr. J. E. Jackson of NASA, as A Canadian-designed air-to-air guided missile, the Velvet Glove, is slung under the
"outstanding proof of the proficiency starboard wing of a CF-100 for test firing.
of Canadian scientists and engineers
in this aspect of space technology."
Several vital components of Alou-
ette I had backup equipment which
could be activated when the original
instruments failed. But so far these
spare parts are still just going along
for the ride because none of the
original parts have failed.
The first spacecraft to be design-
ed and constructed by a nation other
than the U.S. or the U.S.S.R.,

Italy has become the fifth nation to have

a satellite in orbit. This satellite, named
the San Marco, was launched in Decem-
ber '64 from Wallops Island, Virginia by
an American booster vehicle. There are
now 126 payloads in space. Of these, 108
belong to the US, the USSR has 14
Great Britain has two and one belongs to
Canada.

2
ROUNDEL
until 1968. It will be followed by
three additional satellites designated
ISIS (International Satellites for Io-
nospheric Studies) A, B and C. This
space program has as its main ob-
jective a comprehensive study of the
ionosphere from the approaching so-
lar cycle minimum to the next maxi-
mum. Alouette II will carry out five
experiments: sounding or charting
the ionosphere from above; measur-
ing cosmic noise; investigating
"whistlers" ( upper atmosphere ra-
dio signals initiated by lightning
strokes); detecting energetic partic-
les; and determining the tempera-
ture of electrons in the vicinity of
the orbiting satellite.
The scientific information obtain-
ed from Alouettes I and II, which re-
semble each other in size, shape and
weight ( 320 lbs), will eventually gr
benefit radio communications in all LACs A. Dow and K. Dodd prepare the RCAF's tracking camera for night oper-
parts of the world. The ISIS satel- ations. This three ton camera is located at Primrose Lake Evaluation Range which
is near RCAF Station Cold Lake.
lites will be completely different and
even more experimental. The De-
fence Research Board's Telecom-
munication Establishment (DRTE) and performed in such an impressive Que., began preliminary investiga-
will direct the design, construction way that they were purchased by tions into the field of guided missil-
and testing of the three ISIS space- the Americans for several of their ry. This group had a program with
craft, as well as operate at least one own satellites. For Alouette II the two main objectives; first, to build
ground station capable of supplying length of one antenna has been in- up guided missile research and de-
data on the satellites' operation. creased to 240 feet. velopment potential in Canada, and
Canadian industry is playing a It is expected that Canadian com- second, to provide an air-to-air guid-
major role in the project, with the panies, under DRTE's direction, will ed missile for RCAF aircraft. The
RCA Victor Co. acting as prime assume the bulk of the design and program lasted four years and pro-
contractor and de Havilland of Ca- construction effort for spacecraft af- duced the missile known as the Vel-
nada Ltd., associate contractor. De ter ISIS A. Associated with DRTE vet Glove. More than 300 test mis-
Havilland has already entered the throughout the program will be re- siles were manufactured and fired
export business with a space-age search laboratories in the U.S.A., during those four years. RCAF par-
hardware item - antenna. The two Britain and in other countries. The ticipation in the program consisted
75- and 150-foot antennae carried National Aeronautics and Space Ad- of air launching Velvet Glove mis-
by Alouette I were the longest used ministration's office of space science siles from Sabre and CF-1OO air-
by any satellite anywhere up to that and applications will control U.S. craft. However, the second objective
time. The antennae were stored in participation in the program while of the program, to provide a missile
the satellite wrapped around spools the Goddard Space Centre, also in for RCAF aircraft, could not be
like a carpenter's tape. They were the U.S., will participate in data realized because rapidly developing
made of spring steel tempered so analysis. technology rendered the Velvet
that they would assume cylindrical This country's first venture into Glove obsolescent.
shape as soon as they came off the space exploration began in 1951 However, the program was not all
spool. This unique design feature when a small group of scientists at wasted. A considerable amount of
was invented by a National Re- the Canadian Armament Research knowledge and experience was ac-
search Council scientist. The anten- and Development Establishment quired by Canadian scientists in the
nae were then built by de Havilland (CARDE) located at Valcartier, field of rocketry. Furthermore, fa-

MARCH, 1965 3
 cilities built for the Velvet Glove r
were suitable for later experiments.
The next step into the space age for
Canadian scientists also took place
at CARDE where work was done
on the development of solid rocket
propellant and a rocket to test the
propellant. This rocket, the Black
Brant I, proved so successful during
its launching in 1959 that a number
of nose cones were instrumented for
ionospheric investigations. It was an
auspicious beginning.
In 1960 a later development, the
Black Brant II, was fired from the
government's test centre at Fort
Churchill, Manitoba. This rocket,
28 feet in length and 17 inches in
diameter, was also successful. The
DRB scientists realized at once that
they had a useful tool for their up-
per atmosphere program. After
changes were made in the propel-
lant design, a Black Brant II soared
even higher carrying a 150-pound
instrument payload to an altitude of
about 140 miles. Since the first of
this series rocketed into space, more
than 30 Black Brant Ils have blast-
ed off, telemetering back scientific
information and adding to man's
knowledge of the upper atmosphere.
The Black Brant II made a particu-
larly impressive showing during the
total eclipse of the sun on 20 July
'63, carrying instruments to measure
that phenomenon's effect on the up-
per atmosphere. The Black Brant II
was also used by the DRB, NRC,
USAF and the Universities of To-
ronto, Western Ontario, Saskatche-
wan and Alberta to carry scientific "t "
instruments far out into space.
Following in the footsteps of its I 1
illustrious predecessors, Black Brant l;;...t.... ,,-, -~- ,J
III was developed in 1961. This ··..3±»st&',,
• f>4, 5"-5664
time, the project was a co-operative z»· - %-°%%.5633
venture between CARDE, the De- r·cw.-..77
partment of Defence Production and gt,,i;3yr +.cz "
Canadian Bristol Aerojet Ltd. T% 'Fix;up-±-;_
[£As±@g; @&N@s -ea8t
if')';
Black Brant 1lIunderwent a period 7«#ew}gs;@&J'
ot f testing and acceptance at Wal- ,.'.e.....1..28"V
·ls@pf.ti T'h
A Black Brant II, developed at CARDE, lops Island, Virginia and Churchill A later development, Black Brant JV,
blasts off on a test flight. Rocket Range in 1962 and, since leaves the launcher at Fort Churchill
Rocket Range.
4
ROUNDEL
 The Black Brant V-A was built as a single-stage high altitude research rocket.

that time, it has been evaluated for built rockets participated in the were commenced with DRB, NASA,
possible use in the International IGY experiments, DRB provided NRC and the USAF as participating
Quiet Sun Year (IOSY) program, two instrumented nose cones for agencies.
which extends from 1 Jan. '64 until American rockets that were fired in The research range at Fort Chur-
31 Dec. '65. 1958. Since that time a number of chill has facilities for firing both
Another limb was added to the American rockets fired from both solid and liquid-fuel rockets. An ad-
family tree in 1964 when the Black Fort Churchill and Wallops Island, ditional type of upper atmosphere
Brant IV saw the light of day. The Virginia, have carried Canadian-built research operation at this location is
Mark IV version of the space ve- nose cones. Following the IGY oper- the high altitude balloon work. Dur-
hicle is a more sophisticated research ations, the rocket-firing facilities ing 1962 alone approximately 50
tool in that it is a two-stage rocket were closed down until September balloons were launched with various
consisting of a Black Brant II as the 1959 when additional upper atmos- scientific payloads. The Fort Chur-
first stage and the smaller Black phere rocket research operations chill area is an example of extreme
Brant III as the second stage. The
Black Brant IV is capable of carry-
ing a 150-pound payloads to alti- Mr. L. Maynard, officer in charge of DRB's scientific and technical staff, discusses
tudes in excess of 500 miles. The some of the finer points of the antenna at PARL with F/L E. J. Gaines, RCAF
final model in the Black Brant series support officer at Prince Albert Research Laboratory.
will likely be Black Brant V. This
rocket is likely to be used either as
a single-stage vehicle to gather up-
per atmosphere measurements or as
the first stage of the Black Brant IV.
Having decided to enter the field
of space research by building rock-
ets, the Canadian government natu-
rally required a rocket range. Fort
Churchill, in northern Manitoba, was
almost an ideal site. This location
was chosen because it lies directly
under the region in which the auro-
ra borealis reaches a maximum. In
1956 a combined Canada-USA pro-
ject built rocket-firing facilities near
the Canadian Army-operated base
in preparation for the International
Geophysical Year ( 1 July '57 to 31
Dec. '58). Although no Canadian-
MARCH, 1965 5
 contrasts. On the one hand Eskimos
and Indians eke out a precarious liv-
ing under primitive conditions while
close by scientists and technicians
are occupied with the highly-sophis-
ticated task of exploring space.
As mentioned previously, various
universities in Canada are involved
in upper atmosphere research and
are having their experiments aided
by ORB rockets. This ORB and uni-
versity co-operation will be continu-
ed with the forthcoming Alouette II
and ISIS satellites. But the univer-
sity project which has become the
best known for its contribution to
Canada's space effort is McGill's
HARP (High Altitude Research
Program).
Project HARP ran into a lot of
opposition at its inception because
the idea of using a gun to launch
A World War I cannon belches flame as a Martlet missile, designed at McGill Uni- scientific payloads into the ionos-
versity, heads for the ionosphere from a launching site in the Barbados. phere called for such an improve-
ment in the design of payloads and
their electronic instrumentation to
withstand the high "G" loading in-
RCAF airmen work on a CF-100 wing pod containing instruments which detect in- herent in gun launching versus rock-
coming missiles through the use of infra-red radiation (L. to r. on wing) LAC B.
Robinson and Cpl. H. Johnston (l. to r. on ground) LAC J. Horwat and Cpl. L.
D'Amour.
et launching. However, with support Collectively, Canadian scientists
from Canadian and American indus- have placed themselves in the fore-
try, universities and the US military, front of international research into
McGill's experiment has proven suc- all levels of the atmosphere up to
cessful. From a launching site in the 600 miles. Balloons and aircraft car-
Barbados, a borrowed US Navy ar- rying spectrometers to probe the
tillery piece of World War I vintage lower regions, the HARP project
weighing almost 250 tons and more which researches the lower ionos-
than 70 feet in length, was used in phere combined with Alouette's find-
1963 to fire an instrument-packed ings in the upper layers of the ionos-
Martlet missile. It soared to a height phere have given Canada a pre-
of nearly 65 miles, a world's record eminent position in this sphere of
for a cannon shot. The gun has now aerospace knowledge.
fired dozens of Martlet vehicles, de- Another university research pro-
monstrating that for some research ject, although not as dramatic as
jobs, the gun-launched upper atmos- McGill's HARP program but never-
phere probe provides a good answer. theless equally important, is the Uni-
Computing Devices of Canada versity of Toronto's study concern-
Ltd. provides the telemetry system ing drag effect on spacecraft. These
for the firings and manages the studies, undertaken on behalf of
launching facility. W/C H. B. Hal- NASA, are to determine if the life-
lett, recently retired from the ROAF, span of a low-level satellite can be
is CDC's HARP project manager in extended by delaying their decaying
Barbados. orbits. The university's approach to
the problem is to analyse how gas
An RCAF consultant discusses a model particles bounce off satellites, thus
of ISIS "A" with a DRB scientist ([. to dragging them down to lower alti-
r.); S/L G. Tahirali and Mr. G. Booth.
tudes where they burn up on re-en-
tering the earth's atmosphere.
The two main government agen-
cies involved in space research are
the DRB, which conducts scientific
investigations on behalf of the arm-
ed forces, and the NRC which is pri-
marily concerned with research for
industrial purposes. Although both
DRB and NRC have their head-
quarters in Ottawa, their personnel
are engaged in space science in wide-
ly-separated points on the globe as
well as in Canada. For example, at t
I
both Thule, Greenland, and on As-
cension Island, in the south Atlan-

...
tic, government scientists have been

r_a
T
studying the possibility of detecting
incoming ballistic missiles through
the use of infra-red radiation.
This country is also involved with ----, -- ~-

communications by satellite. When A balloon, carrying scientific measuring

the Americans built Relay 1, one of and recording instruments, is inflated
their first communication satellites, before release by DRB personnel.

ROUNDEL Apr. '60 and Mar. '61.

MARCH, 1965 7
 a vital part of the satellite's electro- astronomy. With optical or photo-
nic system was constructed by RCA electric telescopes, astronomers all
Victor in Montreal. This highly-so- over the world have searched the
phisticated system worked so well heavens for answers to an unending
that the Canadian factory was award- series of questions. In Canada, how-
ed another contract, this time for ever, the two large telescopes be-
ground station receivers for NASA's longing to the University of Toronto
syncom program. Then, in 1963, the and the Federal Dominion Observa-
Department of Transport announc- tory Branch respectively, were ren-
ed that a Canadian ground station dered obsolescent by newer develop-
would be built. This station which, ments over the years. Fortunately
according to RCA Victor will be this trend is being reversed.
"the most advanced installation of Recently the government an-
its kind in the world", will be able nounced that an observatory, to be
to relay television, telephone, tele- named the Queen Elizabeth II Ob-
graph and data transmissions. Con- servatory, would be built on Mount
struction of the station, at Mill Vil- Kobau in southern B.C. This $10
lage, N.S., is nearing completion and million project will include a 150-
if no serious setbacks develop, it inch telescope which will bring Ca-
will be "on the air" sometime this nadian astronomers back to the fore-
year. When it becomes operational, front of astronomical research. With
the station will transmit messages this advanced research tool astrono-
via satellite from Canada to other mers will investigate planets of our
A communications satellite ground station countries on behalf of the Canadian solar system and distant stars in our
nears completion at Mill Village, N.S. Overseas Telecommunication Cor- galaxy. By so doing they will probe
poration. for and - hopefully - find some an-
The branch of science which first swers to the many mysteries of outer
pondered the mystery of space was space. ©
Canada's second satellite, the Alouette
II, will be boosted into orbit this summer
by an American Thor-Agena similar to An artist's conception of how the Queen Elizabeth II Observatory will look when it
the one pictured below. is completed on Mount Kobau, B.C

8
ROUNDEL
 tr et

-
as
=C= =
e»
" %
e aw»
j="e"
A depth charge explodes by a German submarine being attacked off Canada's east
coast during World War II.

WAR ON THE FRONT DOORSTEP

By FLIGHT LIEUTENANT H. A. HALLIDAY
Directorate of Historical Services

First of Three Parts

had taken part in such operations stricted to aerial photography, trans-

[)ruse the two World Wars the portation, and general reconnais-
attention of the Canadian public as members of the Royal Naval
Air Service and the Royal Air sance, particularly in the suppres-
was generally focussed on the major sion of rum runners. In 1936 the
battles that raged far from home. Force. In August 1918 a German
U-boat had actually operated off the Fairchild seaplanes of No. 5 Sqn.
However, it should not be forgotten took part in a number of exercises
that during World War II a seri- coast of Nova Scotia. With enemy
submarines probing the western At- with the RCN. Thereafter the em-
ous enemy threat developed on Ca- phasis on military flying increased.
nada's doorstep in the form of Ger- lantic, the U.S. Navy established fly-
ing units at Dartmouth and Sydney, In 1938 Eastern Air Command was
man U-boats. The Canadian Home created with G/C N. R. Anderson
War Establishment was deeply in- N.S., while Canada undertook to es-
tablish the Royal Canadian Naval (A/V/M ret.) as its first AOC. The
volved in the Battle of the Atlantic, command was intended to adminis-
with the brunt of the fighting in Ca- Air Service. The war ended before
the submarine menace could become ter a variety of units in the Mari-
nadian waters being borne by the times, and when the war broke out
Royal Canadian Navy and the more acute. In 1919 the Americans
returned home and the RCNAS was it became responsible for training as
RCAF's Eastern Air Command. well as operational establishments
Canada had had previous experi- disbanded.
For several years thereafter mili- in the region.
ence with anti-submarine warfare. On the eve of war EAC's Order
During World War I Canadian fliers tary flying in the Maritimes was re-
9
MARCH, 1965
 France, that the U-boat threat be- In February and March 1941 the
came serious. Even then the enemy battleships "Scharnhorst" and "Gnei
concentrated on the areas closest to senau" sank 21 merchant ships some
their bases- the Bay of Biscay and 350-500 miles from Newfoundland,
around the British Isles. As British Unfavourable weather, insufficient
defences stiffened the U-boats mov- range, and not enough Digbys pre-
ed westward to the south of Ice- vented EAC from locating the raid-
land and then Greenland. Hitler, ers. This led the AOC, A/C A. E.
however, had no wish to antagonize Godfrey (A/V/M ret.) to move the
America and the U-boats were kept remainder of No. 10 Sqn. to St.
out of the western Atlantic on his John's while requesting AFHQ to
orders lest an incident should arouse obtain Catalinas for his command.
the ire of the United States. Canadian production of these air-
During this period EAC disposed craft was only then beginning, while
of most of its obsolete aircraft. No. American production was being ab-
3 Sqn. was redesignated No. 10 sorbed by RAF and USN contracts.
(bomber-reconnaissance), and in In May 1941 the British consented
March 1940 it began to receive to diverting nine Catalinas to EAC.
Douglas Digbys. A Hudson squad- These were not available in time to
~ ron, No. 11 (BR), was formed in take part in the hunt for the Ger-
A/VIM N. R. Anderson November 1939. To enable aircraft man battleship "Bismarck", but they
first AOC, Eastern Air Command
to reach further into the Atlantic a did constitute the first truly long-
detachment of five Digbys was es- range aircraft to serve in EAC.
tablished at St. John's, Nfld. under The Catalinas were initially sent
of Battle reflected the general statethe command of S/L H. M. Cars- to No. 5 Sqn. but, on 28 June, No.
of unpreparedness that marked the callen (A/V/M ret.). This move, 116 Sqn. was formed at Dartmouth,
Allied forces at that time. No. 2 carried out on 17 Jun. '40, was the and the new unit took possession of
(Army Co-operation) Sqn. at Saint first step towards the setting up of a all nine "Cats". It was several weeks
John, N.B. was flying Wapitis. No. major anti-submarine establishment before No. 5 was able to re-equip
3 (Bomber) Sqn., enroute to Hali- on the island. with Cansos (Catalinas built to
fax, was equipped with Atlas air- Although U-boats were not in RCAF specifications) and to send
craft, while No. 8 Sqn. at Sydney, evidence, EAC was haunted by Ger- its reliable old Stranraers to West-
N.S. had Northrop Deltas. The only man surface raiders which operated ern Air Command. The procurement
aircraft available which were not ob-in several instances just beyond the of long range aircraft did not solve
solete were the Stranraers of No. 5 range of the Hudsons and Digbys. all the problems facing EAC. On 22
Sqn. at Dartmouth. The first patrols
were flown by No. 5 Sqn. on 2 Sep.
'39, one day before Britain declared
war, and eight days before Canada Delta aircraft were used by No. 8 Sqn. in the anti-submarine role in 1939.
followed suit. On 14-15 Sep. air-
craft shadowed the German steamer
"Franz Klazen" until ships of the
RCN could intercept her.
The pattern of flying escort pa-
trols for convoys and single ships
was established quickly, but there
was no sign of German U-boats. In
fact the German Navy had entered
the war in a very disorganized state,
with few U-boats, half a surface
fleet, and no naval aviation. It was
only in the latter half of 1940, with
more submarines at their disposal
and with bases in Norway and

10
ROUNDEL
Jul. 1941 F/L N. E. Small (S/L
dec.) of No. 116 Sqn. attacked
what was believed at the time to be
a U-boat near Halifax. His two 250-
lb general purpose bombs failed to
explode. There was, in fact, no U-
boat in the vicinity, and Small's in-
tended victim was probably a whale
or a porpoise. The incident, how-
ever, dramatically illustrated the ar-
mament shortages in the command.
The 250 and 600-lb general pur-
pose bombs then in use were fused
to explode on impact, rather than
for hydrostatic detonation (i.e. to
explode when water pressure trigger-
ed the fuse). Dropped at low alti-
tude, they skipped along the water.
Attempts were subsequently made
to drop 250 and 450-lb navy depth
charges. These were fused for hy-
drostatic detonation, but frequently
broke up on hitting the water. The
answer finally evolved was a depth The Stranraers were considered modern aircraft at the beginning of World War IL
charge similar to the RCN's 250-lb
model, stressed for an air drop, with
its ends rounded to improve its bal-
listics.
As these events were occurring, Water erupts like a volcano when a depth charge, dropped from an RCAF aircraft,
the Germans shifted their U-boats. explodes near a submerged submarine.
In mid-October 1941 four U-boats
moved into the Cape Race area,
near Newfoundland. Weather was
unsatisfactory, but three Catalinas
were held in readiness at Botwood.
No. 10 Sqn. got in the first blow,
however. On 25 Oct. a Digby pilot-
ed by S/L C. L. Annis (now A/M)
attacked U-573 100 miles east of
Hare Bay. Unfortunately the bombs
had been put on "safe" by a crew-
man who had not informed Annis,
and they splashed harmlessly into
the sea.
The U-boats remained long
enough to sink five ships before pull-
ing back to the North Atlantic. They
were still under orders not to be-
come involved with American ships.
In spite of these instructions, sever-
al incidents occurred involving Ger-
man submarines and American de-
stroyers escorting convoys to Ice-
land, where an American garrison
11
MARCH, 1965
 was stationed. Gradually the Ameri-
can navy was becoming more and
more involved in an undeclared war
on the U-boats. However, it was not
until Japan attacked Pearl Harbour
that the Germans, coming to the
support of their ally, were able to
unleash the full fury of their sub-
marine fleet in the western Atlantic.
EAC entered 1942 with a mixed
bag of aircraft - one squadron of
Digbys (No. 10), two of Cansos
(Nos. 5 and 116), one of Hudsons
(No. 11), and one of Bolingbrokes
( No. 119). In addition there was
one fighter squadron, No. 118, at
Dartmouth flying Kittyhawks and
Goblins. These forces were increas- Hudsons allowed No. 1I Sqn. to reach further into the Atlantic.
ed during the first three months of
the year by the formation of No.
113 Sqn., flying Hudsons. Several
Ansons of the maritime reconnais-
sance schools were also fitted with ary, 2898 hours in March, and 3752 had been sunk 600 miles southeast
bomb-racks, though they could hours in April. The first attack was of Halifax. Two lifeboats were spot-
serve as little more than scarecrows. on 12 Jan. when Sgt. R. L. Parker ted and the aircraft dropped mes-
The Germans began their campaign (FS dec.), in a Bolingbroke of No. sages, food, cigarettes, and a rubber
in the western Atlantic by srnding 119 Sqn., caught U-130 on the Sur- dinghy. Next day the seamen were
six picked U-boats to North Ameri- face. His bombs fell close but did picked up by two freighters. An-
can waters, followed by others in no damage. On 16 Jan. two Kitty- other notable sortie was flown by
the first half of 1942. A few raided hawks attacked what may or may F/L J E. Martin (F/L rel.) of No.
shipping around the Maritimes and not have been a U-boat. Next came 5 Sqn., who located survivors from
New England, but the bulk of the an attack by F/L J. M. Young the SS "Empire Seal" off Liverpool,
enemy subs operated south of New (W/C dec.), flying a Digby of No. N.S. More frustrating were those
York. There, thanks to American 10 Sqn. on 19 Jan. On the 21st F/L searches which turned up only
unpreparedness, they took a huge N. E. Small of No. 116 Sqn. jump- wreckage and empty lifeboats -
toll of Allied shipping. ed a U-boat. Oil and bubbles came mute testimony to the struggle at
The battle moved into the Cana- up for 45 minutes following his at- sea.
dian zone on 12 Jan. when a U- tack, but the U-boat was able to Such was the pattern for the next
boat torpedoed the SS "Cyclops" continue its patrol. Finally, on 22 few months, as EAC aircraft carried
180 miles south of Halifax and an- Jan., F/L E. M. Williams (W/C out their duties of attack and res-
other sank the SS Frisco" 100 miles dee.), of No. 10 Sqn., bombed a U- cue. In March USN Hudsons flying
east of Dartmouth. In the first month boat. One depth charge exploded from Argentia sank two U-boats,
of the year 22 ships were sunk in alongside the conning tower, and a but such successes were denied
the area north of 40° N and west of second attack was inconclusive. The EAC. The Bolingbrokes, indeed,
40° W, including eight ships sunk assessment was "must have shaken proved to be of limited value.
within 150 miles of St. John's. The up the crew". Though capable of carrying four
tempo slackened as the enemy shift- Another job, equally important 250-lb depth charges, their range
ed southwards, but losses in the Ca- but more grim, was that of search- was small, and a meaningful range
nadian zone from February through ing for survivors from torpedoed could be obtained only by cutting
May totalled 33 ships sunk. ships. On 24 Jan. F/L Small and the load in half. This undoubtably
EAC reacted with vigour. In Ja- F/LJ E. Martin (F/L rel.) of No. robbed Sgt. C. S. Buchanan (F/L
nuary it flew 1400 hours, and made 116 Sqn. flew patrols lasting more rel.) of No. 119 Sqn. of success. On
five attacks on U-boats. Flying times than 11 hours, searching for the sur- 23 Mar. he attacked a diving U-
increased to 1883 hours in Febru- vivors of the SS "Wildbeast" which boat 150 miles south of Cape Race.
12
ROUNDEL
His two depth charges were enough aircraft despite many sweeps by A few U-boats operated between
to blow it to the surface but not to Cansos, Ansons, and Hudsons. Nova Scotia and Bermuda during
damage it. The submarine sub- Meanwhile the strength of EAC the summer of 1942. In June EAC
merged again and escaped. continued to grow. No. 118 Sqn. carried out four attacks on enemy
The Jack of visible success did with its Kittyhawks was sent to subs. The only one which enjoyed
not rob the aircrews of their sense Western Air Command, but four any success was on 23 Jun. when
of humour. On 28 Apr. F/L Small Hurricane squadrons were formed P/O W. Graham (F/L rel.) in a
dropped two depth charges 15 sec- to guard against possible enemy air Hudson of No. 11 Sqn. caught U-87
onds after a U-boat had submerged. attack. This was deemed necessary on the surface. The conning tow-
Oil and bits of wood, probably from as the Germans' HE-177 was poten- er was still out of the water when
a catwalk on the deck of the sub- tially capable of carrying out recon- Graham's depth charges straddled
marine, swirled to the surface. The naissance flights as far as North the sub and blew it to the surface.
report of the attack noted the fol- America, while the aircraft carrier U-87 submerged again amid a hail
lowing: Graf Zeppelin" represented an- of bullets from the Hudson. She had
"The captain of the aircraft feels other threat. (In fact, construction of been so badly damaged that she was
that though the possibility of a the carrier was never finished). In forced to return to port. Early in
clean kill is not very strong, he is addition, another Canso squadron, July U-132 broke into the Gulf of
certain that he definitely made No. 117, was formed at North Syd- St. Lawrence and sank three ships.
their back teeth rattle." ney on 27 Apr. and No. 145 Sqn., Subsequently she escaped from at-
May was a slack month, with on- flying Hudsons, was formed on 18 tacks by HMCS "Drummondville"
ly two or three sightings of U-boats May. Next day No. 162 Sqn. was and a Hudson of No. 113 Sqn. Six
and no attacks. A U-boat slipped formed at Yarmouth, but until late other attacks were carried out by
into the Gulf of St. Lawrence and in 1943 it was so short of equipment EAC aircraft in July, the last one
sank two ships off Fame Point on that it was little more than a squad- paying off in spectacular success.
11 May, but the enemy eluded all ron on paper. On 30 Jul. P/O Graham of No.
11 Sqn. attacked a U-boat 120 miles
south of Halifax. Next day S/L N.
E. Small AFC, who now command-
ed No. 113 Sqn., was sweeping the
Groundcrew haul depth charges out to a waiting aircraft. area where Graham had carried out
his attack. At a range of three miles
he spotted a U-boat on the surface
with crewmen running for the hatch-
es. The sub was still on the surface
when four 250-lb depth charges ex-
ploded around the hull, just forward
of the conning tower. The U-boat
submerged, resurfaced, then sub-
merged again. Oil and debris swirl-
ed up. Fifty-five minutes later a
heavy underwater explosion occur-
red. It marked the end of U-754, a
740 ton U-boat commanded by Ka-
pitanleutnant Volmar Schwartzkopf.
On 2 and 5 Aug. the redoubtable
"Molly" Small attacked U-89. Nei-
ther attack damaged the sub suffi-
ciently to force her to abandon her
cruise, but Small's record was re-
markable. Before the year was out
he would make six attacks on U-
boats, and in January 1943 he
would be awarded the DFC, only to
die in an air crash six days later.

13
MARCH, 1965
 The fighting went on around
Newfoundland and further eastward
while EAC continued its grim work
In September and October 1942 U.
boats made several attacks in Con-
ception Bay, the Strait of Belle Isle
and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. U-
517, which penetrated the Gulf in
company with U-165, sank 12 ships
totalling more than 33,000 tons.
During September, aircraft of EAC
had numerous sightings of U-165
and U-517, and carried out seven
attacks against them. At least four
of these attacks appeared damaging
at the time, but U-517 at least es-
caped unharmed, although on one
occasion a depth charge landed on
her deck without exploding. It was
thrown overboard by her captain
and some crewmen. U-165 was
mined off Lorient while returning
S/L N . E. Small, DFC, AFC, made six attacks against German subm arines in 1942 home, and reports of any damage
including a successful battle on 31 July '42, she may have suffered in Canadian
waters were lost with her.
The first attack on these subma-
rines was carried out by F /0 J. H.
Sanderson (S/L rel.) in a Digby of
No. 10 Sqn. on 3 Sep. The remain-
ing six attacks were the work of a
Bolingbrokes were pressed into anti-submarine service to help protect Canada's east
Hudson detachment ofNo. 113 Sqn.
coast. based at Chatham, N.B. Three of
these attacks were carried out by
F/0 M. J. Belanger (F/L rel.),
two of them on the same day. P /0
R. S. Kettley (F/L rel.) made two
attacks and Sgt. A. S. White (F/L
dee.) made one. Belanger was
awarded the DFC in January 1943.
He subsequently served overseas in
No. 425 Sqn. and was awarded a
Bar to the DFC.
(to be continued)

A space-agency psychologist ask-

ed one of the astronauts what he
was thinking about as he strapped
himself into his craft atop the rocket
which was to hurl him into space.
"All I keep thinking," he grum-
bled, "is that everything that makes
this thing go was supplied by the
lowest bidder."
14
ROUNDEL
 THE NEW FLAG FLIES

'5ruLTANEOUSLY with the historic RAF Ensign: red, white and blue
"Proclamation Day" ceremony on roundel on a light blue field, with the
Ottawa's Parliament Hill 15 Feb. Jack in the upper left-hand corner.
'65, Canada's new national flag was A despatch dated 22 Oct. '21 ad-
raised for the first time at RCAF dressed to the Governor General
establishments and flew on the tail- and signed by Mr. Winston Chur-
planes of RCAF aircraft around the chill, then Secretary of State for the
world. On that day the red-and- Colonies, stated in part: "The Air
white, single-maple-leaf Canadian Council was most happy to consent
Flag replaced the Union Jack, Red to the request that the Canadian Air
and Blue Ensigns and the Service Force be granted permission to use
Ensigns wherever these flags were 'without difference' the ensign of the
formerly flown or displayed by the Royal Air Force."
navy, army and air force. Early in World War II it was con-
Many Canadians wept nostalgic sidered desirable to substitute a red
tears as Red Ensigns were finally maple leaf for the red ball, to dis-
lowered from flagstaffs across the tinguish RCAF units and aircraft.
nation. Such emotion was especially King George VI approved this pro-
felt by former and serving members posal on 5 Jul. '40. The document
of the RCAF as they witnessed their sent from Canada House advising
own Service Ensign solemnly furled Ottawa of this decision was signed
and cased for the last time. by Mr. L. B. Pearson, for the Cana-
dian High Commissioner. ©) The Canadian flag flies proudly on top
Until 1940 the RCAF flew the of Canadian Forces Headquarters, in Ot-
tawa.
W IC C. E. Holdway, liaison officer at the USAF Systems Com- LAC L. P. Turcotte paints the new Canadian flag on a CF-104
mand, HQ Bedford, Mass., displays Canada's new flag to Maj. at the RCAF's No. 3 Wing Zweibriicken, Germany.
Gen. J. W. O'Neill.

15
MARCH, 1965
 WE WILL RE

[LL cANADA and indeed all the

world mourns the death of a great
statesman, a great writer, a man of
many talents: Sir Winston Churchill.
His active life in the service of his
country and of the free world span-
ned more than half a century. He
was the British leader of what be-
came the greatest and most power-
ful alliance in history but when he
assumed the leadership it was weak
and the outlook was uncertain, yet
his faith in the final outcome in-
spired not only his nation but free
men everywhere toward the ultimate
victory.
He was a man honoured by many
nations. He was a Privy Councillor
of Canada. He was given an honor-
ary citizenship of the United States.
These and many other tributes to
him recognized that he was not a
"In war - resolution."
Churchill arrives at RCAF Stn. Uplands
Canada. L. to r.: Prime Minister Louis
In Aug. '43 Prime Minister Churchill, Prime Minister Mackenzie King and President tain's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ant/101
Roosevelt met at Quebec City. Here, arriving for the conference, are Churchill, his Affairs, Lester B. Pearson.
daughter Mary and Mackenzie King.
s. DJ-J
EMBER HIM

man of only one country but of the

world. He embodied the dynamic
qualities and quest for progress of
this century and through his long
life he never lost the ability to ques-
tion and look ahead. We feel his
loss but we know that his works will
remain as a lasting monument to his
services to all mankind.
At the outset of the massive work
in which he recorded World War II
he inscribed these words which are
indeed fitting for his epitaph:
In war: resolution;
In defeat: defiance;
In victory: magnanimity;
In peace: good will.
This eulogy was given by the Hon. Paul
Hellyer, minister of national defence, on
the occasion of Sir Winston's death.
Prime Minister Churchill inspects the guard-of-honour on his arrival at RCAF Stn.
Uplands, 15 Jan. '52. Mr. Brooke Claxton, then Canada's Minister of National De-
) June '54 to begin an official visit to fence, walks behind Mr. Churchill.
aurent, Prime Minister Churchill, Bri-
'en and Canada's Minister of External
Making his well-known "V for Victory" sign, Prime Minister Churchill boards the
RCAF's C-5 aircraft on his departure from Stn. Rockclifje on 30 June '54.
 ly fell into disuse and were disposed let, of Bowden. In the early 1940's
By MR. A. M. PENNIE it was a convenient stopping place
Deputy Chairman DRB of at the conclusion of hostilities.
Today the majority of these airfields during the dusty drive over the
have been swallowed up by the cul- gravel highway to Edmonton. To a
tivated land they, themselves, pre- colony of transplanted RAF boys it
empted at the birth of the Common- was a stopping place in another
'[ks announcement of the closing sense. For them it was their first fly-
of RCAF Station Lincoln Park wealth Air Training Plan, and only
a few were retained and preserved. ing school for ab initio training and
caused a certain degree of political
Lincoln Park was one which es- it was there that I, and many others,
excitement at the Alberta provincial
caped the disposal axe and, since it experienced that wonderful and never
level. It also produced, in local
retained its flying facilities, hangars, to be forgotten feeling of the first
newspapers, vehement statements of
protest from those who regarded the control tower, and most of its build- solo flight.
station only as a healthy part of the ings, it made it much easier for the Immediately after this historic
city of Calgary's economy. nostalgic mind to recall scenes and marker, extension of flying skills and
There must be hundreds of peo- incidents which happened there, training followed fast and in no time
ple who view its demise in an en- even after a lapse of nearly a quar- at all the embryonic pilot with twen-
tirely different light and who have ter of a century. ty hours of solo time to his credit
never associated it with the econo- Currie was never "home" for this was ready for another supreme test
mic structure of that burgeoning oil author, but it was the scene of a - the first solo cross-country flight.
city of the West. These people con- highlight or milestone in his flying At Bowden we felt a trifle superior
stitute that band of brothers, now in career. to other Elementary Flying Training
their middle forties and graying at Some sixty-five miles north of Schools. We trained on Stearmans
the temples, who trained there as Calgary lies the little town, or ham- and tended to look down our nose
fledgling pilots during the years of at the other schools who flew the re-
World War IL liable but humble Tiger Moth. The
Many of the airfields that consti- "Lincoln Park was known previously as Stearman was, by elementary train-
Currie, No. IO Repair Depot and No. 25 ing standards, a tricky aircraft to
tuted that busy and productive life- Air Materiel Base until it acquired the
line of the Allied Air Forces quick- name Lincoln Park on 16 June '51. handle but it had lots of power from

18 ROUNDEL
its Continental engine and steel pro- off-hand manner that I would have
peller. Someone once said in a crew about one-quarter of the area it does
to land on the runways only at Cur- today. Currie airfield lay well be-
room that the Stearman was used as rie. I think if he had told me that
a fighter aircraft during the Spanish yond the southwest boundary of the
the approach to the airfield at Cur- city. In fact, as I altered course over
Civil War. This was all that we need- ne was bristling with 20mm can- the centre of the city I had to scan
ed at that stage in our flying train- nons which fired indiscriminately at the middle distance several times be-
ing to boost our morale and ego by every single-engined aircraft my fore I picked up the airfield, so well
another five notches! heart could not have sunk lower and was it camouflaged with its white
Like all things good and beauti- I could not help but think that my buildings and snow covered surface.
ful, the Stearman had its vices, par- Instructor had quietly bestowed the In the good old training days we
ticularly dangerous for the tyro. One kiss of death on me. As I carried had no luxury aids such as radio,
of these was its great tendency to out my vital checks, my mind buz- and communications air to ground
ground loop if badly handled on zed with the tales I had heard and and vice versa were non-existent.
landing, and particularly on landing the mental pictures I had conjured Attempting to land at any airfield
slightly out of wind direction. up of the vicious and wicked ground was generally an exercise in person-
Ground looping could be expensive loops which were the custom of al survival and only the bravest and
to the aircraft and, perhaps fatal to Stearmans landing on runways. most steadfast could keep his place
the pupil who lived in mortal fear However, for the keen and fledgling in the landing queue. Timid or cour-
and terror of being "washed out" pilot there is no withdrawing; one teous pilots who gave way to others
for the least flying error or misde- must press on even when the odds on the circuit, ended up by circling
meanour. As a concession to the are heavily against, so, like the Hus- the airfield for hours on end and
precious and overworked aircraft, sars at Balaclava, it was do or die eventually running out of fuel. In
and also to the pupils, all landings and without further delay I was air- textbook fashion I lost height and
at Bowden were performed on the borne and set course for Calgary. prepared to join the circuit which
grass centre field, and of course al- It was a cold, crisp afternoon with was alive with home-based Cessna
ways into wind. In other words, we the ground below white with snow. Cranes. On that particular day, and
never used the runways. Aloft, with the reliable Continental at that instant, I had two major
Having satisfied my instructor engine rasping in the cold frosty air, problems. The Stearman was slower
that I could navigate with a reason- the Stearman and its anxious pilot than the Crane by quite a margin
able degree of accuracy (and this in- winged its way southward. Surely and the faster aircraft tended to dis-
cluded an ability to read the place and accurately the intervening towns place me from my landing position.
names on the grain elevators) he an- appeared beneath the wing tip right Added to this, the awful spectre of
nounced to me one afternoon that I on track and dead on E.T.A. Olds, my first uninstructed runway land-
was to prepare myself for my first Didsbury, Carstairs, Crossfield, all ing now presented itself, so between
solo cross-country flight. I jumped looked so clean and tidy with their these two problems I accumulated
to my feet smartly and accepted the winter coat of white, and the south- more than an average stock of but-
news just as if he had asked me to bound CPR freight, belching black terflies in the middle regions.
embark on a fighter sweep across smoke, stood out against the back- All appeared well and I had po-
the English Channel. Where was I ground like a sore thumb. What sitioned myself in a good spot on
to go? "Calgary, No. 3, S.F.T.S., with making navigational calcula- the cross-wind leg. I turned into
tions and observations and checking wind and in typical E.F.T.S. style
Currie", he replied. No flight plan I
and rechecking the engine perform- commenced a glide approach drop-
ever prepared in after years received
ance and fuel supply, there was little ping in steeply from about five hun-
so much attention, and my Dalton
time left to worry and fret over the dred feet. I had by now more or less
computer fairly sizzled as I comput- triumphed in my internal struggle
ed courses, true air speeds, and all problem of landing on the runway
at my destination. Once Airdrie slid with mind over matter and had prac-
the other calculations necessary prior tically conquered the runway com-
to a navigational trip. under the engine cowling it was no
time at all before I was crossing the plex. My airspeed was spot on-- no
I checked the aircraft, inspected drift, height about right, and I ap-
the fuel tanks, and had them all top- city of Calgary and experiencing a
momentary feeling of surprise and peared all set for a good approach
ped up to the brim. Just as I was onto what appeared to be a very
about to fasten on my parachute and panic as the aircraft was violently
rocked and buffeted by the warm narrow landing ribbon so different
climb into the front cockpit my in- to the many acres which we had to
structor came running out and in- turbulent air rising from the city.
Calgary in those days covered play with at Bowden. At the last
formed me in the most casual and
19
MARCH, 1965
moment the controller at the end of
the runway turned his Aldis lamp
on me and frantically flashed a se-
ries of red dashes. Why was he do-
ing this? There was no one above
me, and no sign of a hostile Crane
on either side. At such a stage in a
landing run one is always very loath
to break off and overshoot, how-
ever, in this instance discretion and
wisdom prevailed and I opened up
the Continental to its maximum revs
and prepared to go round again. As
I did I noticed a Crane sneaking in
at ground level. I cursed him and
the controller roundly, from the
open cockpit, and started round
again into the battle for position
with twenty other aircraft on the
circuit.
Ahead things looked clear, there
was a vacant slot for me and I latch-
ed into it and made my way round The author stands on a Harvard at No. 37 SFTS, Calgary.
the busy circuit clear of pursuing
Cranes, and once more lined myself
up with the narrow ribbon of run-
way. Rate of descent fine, airspeed
correct, and nothing underneath (I
hoped), all clear ahead- ah, the
green light from my erstwhile enemy
in the control wagon. From now on,
like the young boy entering the den- from my innards, the perspiration This incident and others like it
tist's office, there was no drawing evaporated from the palms of my were some of the great milestones in
back. The runway was the next haz- hands, and I relaxed. a pilot's life - milestones or out-
ard. The Stearman glided down with With a feeling of great relief, standing incidents that are often re-
the slipstream singing on the struts pride, and personal achievement I called by places, situations or names.
and the faithful Continental plopping taxied like a veteran to the visiting Each time I visit Lincoln Park I
regularly as it idled on low revs. area, swung the aircraft around, and thing of that occasion twenty-two
Over the boundary fence, across the parked it with a flourish and a burst years ago and my recollections of
rough grass, past the controller's of engine. A visiting aircraft, no mat- that first runway landing and all its
caravan and now below me lay noth- ter what its make or vintage, always implications are still as clear now as
ing but the strange, inhospitable and attracts attention. As I jumped down they were on that crisp and exciting
unconquered runway. My anxiety from the cockpit an interested crowd winter afternoon.
was heightened when my eyes caught of trainees and ground crew were When Lincoln Park closed, the
sight of the deep ridges of snow moving towards the Stearman. With hangars began to disappear, and the
along the edges of the runway, like my helmet on the back of my head, sprawling city of Calgary moved in.
the Charybdia, a hazard and a trap maps and flight plan sticking out of From a selfish point of view this au-
ready for the negligent and unwary. my flying boots, I sauntered casual- thor regrets the change for it is ob-
Rounded out, throttle right off and ly and nonchalantly past them to literating physically, but fortunately
the aircraft settled evenly and gently the control tower, leaving with them not mentally, that runway which was
onto the runway. The faithful Stear- I hoped, the impression that I gen- a turning point in his brief but un-
man ran straight ahead under full erally flew Spitfires but occasionally forgettable flying career. E>
control with no tendency to swing condescended to juggle with a Stear-
or yaw. The butterflies vanished man!

20 ROUNDEL
 RCAF Station Clinton holds a num- The father, Sgt. L. Ludlow was
FATHER ber of parades each year as gradu-
ates of various schools on that unit
presented a CD by his son AC I D.
Ludlow after which Sgt. Ludlow
finish their respective courses. Pa- presented his son with a graduation
AND SON rades are also held when personnel
are awarded
, 3
a CD (C: anautan
di
diploma from Clinton's radar and
communication school. On the side-
Forces Decoration). But a parade lines, watching the ceremony with
ON PARADE held recently at Clinton, had an in-
terestmg twist as both a father and
pride, were the rest of the Ludlow
family, Mrs. Ludlow and her other
son were honoured at the same cere- son Paul, age seven.
mony.

ACI D. Ludlow pins the Canadian Forces Decoration on his ACI D. Ludlow receives his graduating diploma from his
father, Sgt. L. Ludlow. father, Sgt. L. Ludlow.

BERTRAND STEWARD ESSAY WINNER

Captain F. J. Norman, of the Di- World War I, is given for the "best ings of Her Majesty's Forces. The
rectorate of Land Operational Re- article, paper or lecture on some closing date for the 1965 competi-
quirements, has been declared the military subject, the study or discus- tion will be 22 June '65. For further
winner of the Bertrand Steward es- sion of which will tend to increase information contact:
the efficiency of the British Army as The Editor,
say competition for 1964. Captain The Army Quarterly and
a fighting force". The subject which
Norman is only the second Canadian Defence J oumal,
Captain Norman wrote on was the
to win this annual competition since 43 Cardington St.,
effect of the improvement of night
it was started in 1923. The other London, N.W. 1,
vision devices on battlefield opera-
Canadian winner was Lt.-Gen. E. L. England
M. Burns, who won the award in tion.
The right to compete in this com-
1932 and again in 1936.
petition is limited to British subjects
The Bertrand Steward Essay
who have served or who are serving
Award, named after Captain B.
as officers or in other ranks or rat-
Steward who was killed in action in
21
MARCH, 1965
 DO-IT-YOURSELF AIRCRAFT
By CORPORAL C. ROUSSEAU

A PRIVATELY-OWNED aircraft is or flying boats. The airframe itself building full-size aircraft hardly
ranks with model building or stamp
generally thought of as being a luxury can cost from $400 to approximate-
item well out of reach of the aver- ly $2,000 while a new engine for a collecting as a hobby. But, with per-
age individual. An increasing num- homebuilt runs as high as $2,000. severance, sources of supply can be
ber of air force personnel are over- The price can vary, however, found either locally or in some of
coming this financial obstacle by since some homebuilders incorpo- the larger Canadian cities.
their own efforts: "do-it-yourself" rate standard parts into their cus- Homemade aircraft are generally
aircraft. tom-made aircraft or else construct framed with all-welded tubular steel,
At various RCAF units across a relatively simple aircraft, then then covered with fabric or else con-
Canada station hobby shops or PMQ equip it with a wealth of flight in- structed with wood throughout.
basements have taken on the ap- struments, navigation gear and ra- Those wishing to build with wood
pearance of miniature aircraft fac- dio equipment. But, in spite of these use either sitka spruce or special ply-
tories as enthusiasts bend to the task extras, the final price is still less wood because of the favourable
of making their own aeroplanes. In than it would be for an off-the-shelf strength-to-weight ratio. However, it
Ottawa, for instance, G/C W. N. aeroplane with a similar amount of is not always possible to obtain cer-
Hoye, of the Directorate of Materiel additional equipment. tified sitka spruce from lumber com-
Maintenance, has almost completed Having decided on the type of panies because they have so little
the task of building a two-seater aircraft he wants to build and pur- demand for it they seldom keep it in
amphibian. Sergeant G. Hein and chasing the plans for it, the enthusi- stock. A satisfactory substitute can
I, both of the Graphic Arts Section, ast then is faced with the problem of sometimes be found in marine-grade
are in the preliminary stages of con- gathering material. Material pro- spruce, providing the grain is excep-
structing a single-seat open cockpit curement is a real problem, since tionally straight thus assuring that
aircraft.
In addition to the tangible reward This illustration, by ROUNDEL artist Cpl. C. Rousseau, depicts the amphibian aircraft
of saving money, home builders also built by G/C W.N. Hoye.
receive the intangible, but incom-
parable, bonus of flying an aircraft
they produced by their own hands.
Building a homemade aircraft is a
long and, by necessity, an exacting
process. The first step is to decide
on the type of aircraft you wish to

--ii
build and for most enthusiasts, the
simplest possible aircraft is the best
one to start with.
Working drawings or blueprints
range from $10 to well over $100 [Is.
e-so4ussslsss.ls 3 ffl
" -
»,,,,_
varying with the complexity of the l aw e

' >
aircraft. Many different types of
plans are available to the home
builders: single-seaters, two-place,
open cockpit, closed cabins, low-
wing with either conventional or
delta wings, mid-wing or high-wing
monoplanes, landplanes, floatplanes

22 ROUNDEL
the wood will not break under strain.
But in certain critical parts of the
fuselage and wing only aircraft-cer-
tified wood should be used.
The wood which bears these rub-
ber-stamped words are but one of
the many ways in which the Depart-
ment of Transport ensures that the
homebuilt aircraft will be as safe as
a normal factory product. The DOT
also carries out various inspections
as the homemade aircraft progress-
es. When major components (such
as the fuselage, wings and empen-
age) are finished, they must be in-
spected and approved by a DOT in-
spector before they can be covered
with fabric or plywood. When the
construction phase is completed the
finished aircraft is given its first
flight. This provides the homebuild-
er an unparalleled thrill as he takes
his aircraft aloft for the first time.
Generally, there are no major
problems encountered on this maid-
en flight, particularly if the aircraft Cpl. Rousseau and Sgt. G. Hein study the blueprints of the open cockpit aircraft
was built to a proven set of plans. which they plan to build.'
But, if the homebuilder has created
an aircraft of his own design, there
may be stability problems which
will have to be corrected during the
test phase. When the test flights are F/L R. P. Larnon puts the finishing touches on the wing assembly of his homebuilt
aircraft.
completed the homebuilt aircraft is
certified by the DOT. Unlike facto-
ry-produced aircraft, which are
given certificates of airworthiness,
homemade aircraft are issued flight
permits which must be renewed each
year. This piece of paper means that
the homebuilt aircraft has been found
satisfactory and the proud owner
can look forward to years of inex-
pensive flying in his own machine.
After spending hundreds of dol-
lars and working thousands of man-
hours on his project over a period
of two or three years, his dreams
have been realized. The do-it-your-
self aircraft builder has learned what
those who have gone before him al-
ready know- you can run out of
money, you can run out of material,
you can run out of patience, but you
can't run out of enthusiasm. ©)
23
MARCH, 1965
 Under the glare of fluorescent lights a "snag crew" works on a Yukon.

'[he Yukon, largest aircraft ever the Yukons are based, there are done after midnight, because of the
built in Canada and the flagship of 1200 maintenance personnel work- flying schedules of the Yukon. The
Air Transport Command, has now ing on shifts around-the-clock to flights usually depart in the morning
entered its fourth year of operations keep ATC's different types of air- and return about midnight. The serv-
with the RCAF. During their three craft serviceable. In addition, there icing crews work a split shift and
years of service, Yukons have estab- is a detachment at Marville, France, recognized holidays are nothing but
lished an impressive record for which handles minor maintenance dates on the calendar to them. Air-
hours flown, passengers carried and on Yukons and prepares them for craft repair "snag crews" are avail-
cargo-miles recorded. Much of the their long overwater flights back to able 16 hours a day, seven days a
credit for this success goes to the Canada or onward to other foreign week. If an aircraft must be test-
groundcrew personnel whose task it destinations. flown after midnight, snag crews
is to keep the Yukons flying. Servicing personnel work a seven- work until the aircraft is ready. ©
At RCAF Stu. Trenton, where day week and most of their work is

Brake hydraulic lines and brake discs on the main wheel bogies The many electronic devices, ranging from navigation equip-
are carefully checked. ment to the cabin PA system, receive close attention.

24 ROUNDEL
 ,
.
A n intrascope is used to determine the condition of stator blades on the Tyne turbo- Washing a Yukon, with a solution of
prop engine. Varsol and aircraft liquid soap, takes
four men six hours. The Yukons are
washed at least once every two weeks.

F/O S. Saunders and FS J. W. Bryson check parts requested by The propellors are carefully removed and the propel/or shafts
the aircraft maintenance section at RCAF Stn. Trenton. closely examined.

25
MARCH, 1965
 Cpl. M. Takahashi with some members of No. I Air Division Judo clubs.

JUDO IN THE RCAF

By FL YING OFFICER R. B. de LOTBINIERE-HAR WOOD

"A MAZE your friends, clobber versity of Education. Dr. Kano, who CFHQ and paid for through non-
public funds. The basic ingredients
your enemies. Learn the art of judo as a young man was of slight build,
in three easy lessons for only $3.95." wished to find a way to defend him- for a club consist of an instructor,
This is the type of advertising that self against stronger men. He began a playing area free of obstacles,
meets the eyes of readers of cheap to study jujitsu under several mas- about 30 feet by 30 feet, a two inch
periodicals. What is this so-called ters and through diligent practice be- covering of mat on a springy floor
secret that enables 98-pound girls came very proficient. Dr. Kano real- and, of course, interested players.
to defeat 200-pound men? ized that jujitsu was a most effective The usual training program be-
The technical theory of judo is way for training the body and the gins with learning how to break one's
based on the laws of nature - gravi- mind, therefore, by eliminating the fall correctly. This is one of the most
tation and leverage. It is only logical dangerous techniques and stressing important phases of learning as the
that when force is matched with the mental and moral aspects of the proper method of hitting the mat
force the stronger of the two will sport, he formed Kodokan Judo- will absorb over 90 per cent of the
win. Let us assume then that the gentle art. fall. Basic throws and groundwork
strength is measured in units and Judo becomes a way of life in it- are then taught, the latter consisting
two adversaries, one of 10 units of self, to its devotees. The majority of of immobilization, armlocks, and
strength and the other of seven units, people who study this sport do not strangulations. Strict rules govern
oppose one another. The stronger of wish to become champions; instead the effectiveness of the last two
the two can be defeated, however. they stress perfection of character methods and children, for instance,
As the stronger pushes the lesser re- with the development of serenity and are forbidden to employ them.
treats at the same rate, maintaining peace of mind. The character of a The ability of an individual is de-
his balance. Now the larger man, true judo man includes self-respect, noted by the colour of the belt that
through his own efforts has destroy- self-control, patience, humility and he wears. The beginner commences
ed his balance and is momentarily reliability. No judo player will claim with the white belt and progresses to
weaker, therefore, easily defeated. to have achieved the above results, yellow, orange, green, blue, and
Judo, which is one of the fastest however, although others can see the brown. After three to five years of
growing sports in the RCAF, was individual improve as training con- steady practise one is usually ready
derived from the ancient and legend- tinues. to receive the coveted black belt.
ary science of jujitsu in 1882 by Dr. Judo, like most of our off-duty Learning, however, does not stop
Kano, president of the Tokyo Uni- recreation programs, is approved by here as there are ten degrees of

26 ROUNDEL
black belt. The first six degrees are
normally awarded for competitive
ability and the rest are presented for
work done to further the art of ju-
do. Honorary coloured and black
belt degrees are also presented to
deserving people who have put a lot
of time and effort into judo, although
they do not play the sport.
Judo for children is becoming
more popular as it gives them the
opportunity to prove their skills in
competition without the danger of
permanent injury inherent in other
contact sports such as boxing and
football. This is very evident when
one goes to Japan and sees hundreds
of older men in their fifties, who
have been playing judo since their
childhood, working out regularly
with young men and frequently win-
ning. '---~-'-------------..--M,l ~--..._----~--'
Judo clubs are very active at most Cpl. R. Jones, from No. 4 Wing, "upsets" Cpl. R. Metz to win the AOC's trophy.
of our major air stations from Co-
mox to Greenwood. The area of best
RCAF judo is concentrated at No.
1 Air Division where Cpl. Masso
Takahashi, 4th degree black belt,
F/O R. B. de Lotbiniere-Harwood throws Cpl. C. Johnson.
the highest ranking belt in the armed
services, has been instrumental in
forming a strong association. Cpl.
Takahashi recently took leave and
studied for six weeks at the mecca
of judo, in Tokyo. Upon his return
he conducted several judo instruc-
tor's clinics in Canada at Stns. Tren-
ton and Winnipeg to help improve
and standardize RCAF judo.
Judo provides an easy opportuni-
ty for an airman to exercise with
friends, working off tension and anx-
iety to find relaxation physically and
mentally. And the ancient sport of
judo was suddenly brought into pro-
minence, across this country last
year, when a Canadian by the name
of Doug Rogers won a silver medal
for Canada at the Olympics by plac-
ing second in the judo heavyweight
class. It is no wonder then why this
sport is gaining so much in popu-
larity amongst people of all ages. E)

27
MARCH, 1965
 l_cir}4.> as@mi.
~ . ' ' .

NEW {z!!E
p.-4ult E a
la[[tiff3;}'
ICE ARENA 4,,,
®
,. ,..,
fitly
y
s' '
'
AT 8
4., .
i
.
. .

...._
;

COMOX . .

At RCAF Stn. Comox on 30 Jan. !

the station's commanding officer,
G/C E. G. Ireland, DFC, opened

ME
Glacier Gardens. The new ice arena '
was financed entirely by non-public
funds, with the exception of some
machinery for the ice plant from
RCAF surplus stocks. I@ I
The arena is a boon to local ci- {

-- ,
~
• i; "
vilians as well as to servicemen and
their families, since the 100 x 84 ft.
ice surface has been made available sie
: '.54 '
.• ~
""'1

to all citizens of Comox valley. Af- -- " ....

ter the opening ceremonies, the Family fun in Comox's new Glacier Gardens.
RCAF Comox Totems won a 4-3
hockey game from HMCS Naden,
last year's tri-service champions.

CANADIAN FORCES BIATHLON TEAM

The Canadian Forces will provide mies and consists of 20 kilometers 18 prospective team members gath-
a biathlon ski team to represent Ca- (12 ½ miles) of skiing over difficult ered at Camp Valcartier in January
nada in the 1968 Winter Olympics terrain during which the competi- for further training and selection.
to be held at Grenoble, France. tors must shoot at small targets The team, which will be coached
The Canadian Amateur Ski Asso- flanking the course at varying dis- by Niilo Itkonen of Vancouver, for-
ciation recommended the selection tances up to 250 meters. mer coach of the Finnish team, will
of armed forces skiers for this team Because the biathlon demands participate in gruelling training pro-
because training programs in winter great physical strength, high altitude grams to prepare them for the 1968
warfare, rifle shooting and physical endurance, and above-average ski- Winter Olympics while also per-
fitness activities of the military pro- ing and marksmanship ability all po- forming their regular military du-
vide a ready-made base for the de- tential candidates undergo physio- ties. The training and experience
velopment of biathlon competitors. logical, psychological and advanced they receive will be valuable to the
Considered one of the most difficult medical tests before the final selec- Armed Forces in setting up future
of all winter Olympic events, the tion of members for the six-man winter warfare training programs.
biathlon had its origin in cross- team is made. A preliminary screen-
country ski races of European ar- ing has already been carried out and ©
28
ROUNDEL
 SUBTERRANEAN FISH STORY
RCAF messes are almost as well
known for their decor as they are
for their culinary arts. Case m pomt:
the North Bay SAGE mess, which is
located hundreds of feet under-
ground, now features a tropical fish
tank in the dining room.
Two NCOs at the SAGE site,
Sgt. J. E. Price and Cpl. K. P. St.
George, felt that life underground,
particularly at meal times, would be
enhanced by a display of something
typical of life close to the surface of
the earth. In searching for a solution
they spoke with Mr. Moe Meir, the
ration truck driver, who owns a
small tropical fish store in North Sgt. J. E. Price feeds the fishes at Northern NORAD Region while the mess hall staff
Bay. He suggested the fish and pro- looks on (I. to r.): LAC P. Hartley, Cpl. K. St. George, and LACs J. Taylor, H.
Berthelette and T. Morrison.
vided the airmen with invaluable ad-
vice on the selection, care and feed-
ing of their charges.
Some of the fish in the tank include
Anostamous, Platys, Etrace, Mol-
lies, Swordtails, Zebras, Catfish, Ge-
RCAF OFFICER Wing Commander Golab, A. C.
who was active in football for many
ramis and, of course, the ever popu-
lar Guppies. The tank is equipped IN HALL years, has been named to the Cana-
dian Football Hall of Fame. Only
with an air intake to keep a suffi-
27 men have been so honoured.
cient amount of oxygen in the water,
a heater and marine growth to pro-
OF FAME Known to the Canadian sports
world as Tony Golab, "the Golden
vide a stable habitat for the fish. It Boy", he has been associated with
also requires a vacuum cleaner, fil- football since 1935 when he played
ters, chlorine neutralizer and bacte- for Kennedy Collegiate in Windsor.
rial compounds to ensure that the Wingto Commander Golab played
·
fish remain healthy and contented. with the Ottawa Rough Riders from
The care and feeding of these fish 1939 to 1941 and again from 1945
has become quite a hobby and after to 1950 following World War IL
all, fish are food so in an emergency He later had coaching jobs with
1
-well, who knows? ©O the Hamilton Panthers and the Roy-
al Military College. During his foot-
ball career, W/C Golab was named
to several AU-Star teams; in 1941 he
was selected as Canada's outstand-
ing athlete. W/C Golab is now sta-
tioned at 25th NORAD Region Mc-
Chord, Washington.

29
MARCH, 1965
 This section of ROUNDEL is prepared

RCAF ASSOCIATION by Association Headquarters, 424 Met-

calfe St., Ottawa, Ontario.

National Executive Council and Advisory Committee Meeting

On January 22nd and 23rd the ered were the membership campaign, RCAF ENSIGN: In view of the fact
members of the National Executive the formation of two new Wings, that an order has been issued to the
Council and the Advisory Commit- the acquisition of new Wing Quar- Armed Forces to discontinue the use
tee gathered in Ottawa for their ters and the continuing use of the of their individual ensigns when the
annual meeting. Members, some of Administrative Sub-committee as a new Canadian flag is officially flown,
whom had travelled from as far west Defence Committee. While speaking the National Executive sent a tele-
as Vancouver and as far east as of National Defence he pointed out gram to the Minister of National
Halifax, were welcomed by the Na- that the Association's policy was Defence suggesting that the RCAF
tional President, Mr. George Pen- explicitly stated in a recent bulletin Ensign be retained, but that the
fold upon arrival at the Chateau sent out from Ottawa. Union Jack in it be replaced by the
Laurier. He had a special word of Here are the highlights from new Canadian flag.
welcome for Advisory Committee among the matters discussed and CONVENTIONS: Edmonton was
members who were attending for decided upon: chosen as the site of the 1966 Con-
the first time. FINANCE: Wings are to be urged vention.
As only a day and a half had been to send the special assessment de-
set aside for the occasion the dele- cided upon in Charlottetown to Na- PROGRAM COMMITTEE: A new
gates got down to work early on tional as soon as possible. committee, within the National
Friday morning in an effort to cover MEMBERSHIP: In an attempt to Council, was set up to devise and
the full agenda. The National Pre- encourage the formation on new promulgate specimen Wing Pro-
sident started the proceedings by re- Wings it was decided to allow new grams as an aid to new Wings and
porting on events that had occurred members of new Wings formed from as a guide to all Wings. The com-
since the Charlottetown Convention. February I st to April 30th each year mittee will be headed by Miss Beth
Some of the many subjects he cov- to pay half the annual National dues. Rowand of Edmonton.

The National President, on behalf of all members of the Association, sent the following cable
to Lady Churchill upon learning of Sir Winston's death.
January 25, 1965
THE MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE ASSOCIATION JOIN WITH
ME IN OFFERING TO YOU AND YOUR FAMILY OUR HEARTFELT SYMPATHY AND
UNDERSTANDING. THE STRENGTH OF CHARACTER AND THE UNDAUNTED DE-
VOTION WHICH GUIDED SIR WINSTON WILL BE REMEMBERED WITH GRATITUDE
AND HONOUR AS LONG AS HUMANITY VALUES ALL THAT IS GOOD AND FINE
AND TRUE.
GEORGE E. PENFOLD, PRESIDENT
ROY AL CANADIAN AIR FORCE ASSOCIATION

30 ROUNDEL
 The National President officially
omed Advisory Committee de-
we 1 c . d b ne
. fed
ates to the meeting an
1 [E, on the Association. A joint
,jssion followed, during which
[Gboers of the Advisory Commit-
m ib f . .
tee made a number of interesting
suggestions. (The Advisory Commit-
tee was formed last year as part of
the National Executive Council to
act as independent advisers to the
President and the Council members.
Delegates enjoyed a most interest-
ing talk from Air Marshal Annis,
Chief of Logistics and Engineering
Development at CFHO, on "Inte-
gration and its Effect on the RCAF."
On the Friday night delegates
attended a mess dinner at RCAF
Stn. Uplands at which the Honour-
able Paul Hellyer, Minister of Na-
tional Defence, was guest speaker.

At January's RCAFA "summit meeting" in Ottawa: Front row (l.to r.); Mr. Roy Begg,
A/M Hugh Campbell, Mr. George Penfold, A/M W. A. Curtis, Mr. Gordon
McGregor. 2nd row: George Sellers, Mr. P. F. Connell, G/C L. N. Baldock, Mr. R.
NEW RCAF ASSOCIATION W. Ganong. 3rd row: Mr. Jack Dinan, Miss Elizabeth Rowand, Miss Catherine For-
tune, Mr. George E. Ault. 4th row: Mr. Stanley Wootten, Mr. Allan Craig, Mr.
WINGS IN ONTARIO Herbert Flook, Mr. Jack McDonald. Back row: Mr. A. T. Goodwin, F/L M. V.
Robey, Mr. Leon Schedlin, Mr. Frank Connolly, Mr. Thomas Farmer. Not present:
SARNIA: After a lapse of some Mr. V.P. Cronyn, Mr. H. E. Langford, Mr. Arthur Smith, Mr. H. M. Bell, Mr. D. C.
Gillies.
years a determined effort to reacti-
vate No. 403 (Sarnia) Wing has met RCAF REUNION ST. A very warm invitation is extend-
with considerable success. Under the ed those 75,000 airmen who were
THOMAS, ONT. JULY
energetic leadership of Mr. John stationed at these units during 1940-
1 - 4, 1965 1945.
Miles, the Wing now has more than
fifty members. No. 429 St. Thomas Wing of the A complete program is being
No. 403 (Sarnia) Wing will accept Association is planning a reunion planned.
its new charter from the National of all Air Force personnel who serv- For further information write:
President on January 30th. ed at No. 1 Technical Training Mr. Rees Edwards,
ST. THOMAS: Another Wing that School, No. 4 Bombing Gunnery c/o 429 Wing RCAF Association,
has started again under new auspices School Fingal and No. 14 Service 24-26 John St.,
is No. 429 (St. Thomas). Mr. Phil- Flying Training School Aylmer, on St. Thomas, Ont.
lips is the recently elected President. July 1st-4th, 1965.

ANNUAL GROUP MEETINGS

It has been decided that the Annual Meetings of Groups will be held in the following cities on
the dates indicated:
Saint John, N.B. May 21-22
Atlantic May 8
Quebec Sherbrooke, P.Q.
Kingston, Ont. May 21-22
Ontario May 21-22
Winnipeg, Man.
Manitoba May 1
Saskatchewan Moose Jaw
Edmonton, Alta May 15
Alberta
31
MARCH, 1965
 AIRCRAFT ALBUM REQUES T BIRDS BEATEN NO. 436 WAS THERE TOO
Dear Sir: Dear Sir: Dear Sir:
I have lived away from Canada for the Having read the item "We, Too, Have F/L Coughlin has written an interest-
past 12 years in South America and Bird Troubles" (Dec. '64) I would like ing article on the RCAF participation in
U.S.A. and I appreciate your magazine to tell you about my experience with the UN "Peace-Keeping" role (ROUNDEL
very much as it keeps me in contact with birds. Dec. '64), and I appreciate that space
the RCAF. At a power transformer station, over limitations preclude making specific men-
During the war I was a pilot in a Bris- which I have operation and maintenance tion of people and places. However ref-
tol Beaufort Sqn., attached to the RAF, jurisdiction, we have had considerable erence is made to the air transport sup-
with a number of other Canadians. This concern caused by nesting starlings and port given to the UNEF in 1956 and spe-
was in I 941 and I 942. I would appreciate robins. For some reason, known only un- cifically to No. 435 Sqn. I must take ex-
your including a picture and write up of to themselves, they prefer to build nests ception to the lack of credit given to
a Beaufort, long obsolete, in the Aircraft in areas which are most vulnerable to other units directly involved.
Album section of your magazine. I do destruction by short circuit. Upon exami- In the article, it states that No. 435
not think there were any Canadian Beau- nation of nests removed from these areas Sqn. departed Namao, flew to Toronto
fort squadrons, but many Canadians I found pieces of small gauge copper eastbound for Naples, Italy. In actual
flew them during their day. wire sufficiently long to create a short fact, No. 436 Sqn. supplied half the air-
Thank you very much. circuit either from phase to phase bus bars craft and crews that comprised the 12
J. B. D. Wilson, or from phase bus bar to the grounded C-119s that departed Downsview, and in
13765 S.W. 80 Ave., steel structure; this could cause costly fact the first aircraft to depart eastbound
Miami, Florida, U.S.A. 33158. and embarrassing power failures. was from 436 Sqn. In addition, while the
(The Beaufort is this month's Aircraft The entire operating staff was aware operation was being mounted in Canada,
Album subject Editor.) of this possibility but at a loss to suggest a 436 Sqn. crew, on operations in the
a means to prevent homebuilding in this UK, was diverted to Naples; consequent-
dangerous area. One day during nesting ly the first C-119 to arrive at Capodichi-
period I had a maintenance crew work- no airport was from No. 436 Sqn.
QUEBEC SLIGHTED ing on the location, it became necessary In closing I might make a correction
for me to make vocal contact with my to a statement concerning No. 115 Air
Dear Sir: Transport Unit replacing No. 114 Air
With reference to "The Gift of Life" crew foreman. I decided to use the tran-
(Oct. '64) which read in part, "The serv- sistorized megaphone but I accidentally Transport Unit. This is incorrect, for No.
ice became nationwide in 1961 when the turned the volume too high. This pro- 114 ATU based at Capodichino remain-
I 0th province, Quebec, entered the duced a very high pitched squeal so I ed in being and continued to support No.
scheme". turned the volume down to the proper 115 ATU based at Abu Sueir. Further, it
In the fall of 1954, all the personnel level and made contact with my fore- was the C-119s of 114 ATU that moved
of RCAF Stn. St Jean, Province of Que- man. The shift operator remarked "you 115 ATU from Abu Sueir to El Arish.
bec, were called to donate blood through sure scared the birds". Upon viewing the FIL D. A. Hache,
the Red Cross. Well, if that was not free area I found this to be true. Believing Officer Selection Unit,
blood donation service, what was that the loud noise had frightened the birds RCAF Stn. Centralia, Ont.
service? away, I left instructions to be passed on (Space limitations indeed restricted nam-
Cpl. G. R. Ouellet, to the operators coming on shift to re- ing all of ·the units which contributed to
RCAF Stn. Namao, peat the performance when the birds re- the success of the UNEF. However, it is
Lancaster Park, Alta. turned. The next operator raised the vol- quite true that No. 436 Sqn. shared the
(Cpl. Ouellet is quite correct, it was the
ume and produced a very loud squeal work done by No. 435 Sqn. Also, No.
which is in the area of a musical note 114 ATU did remain in business until 31
city of Quebec not the province of Que- "HighC" above the staff of the treble
bec that came into the scheme in 1961. Jan. '58 Editor.)
clef. To his and my delight the birds. left
Ouebec province has been doing its best for a period of approximately 24 hours.
for the Red Cross for many years.-Edi- We have continued this practice for the
tor.) IDENTIFICATION NOT
past two years and found it to be effec- INTERROGATION
tive; and are continuing the practice.
I respectfully submit the foregoing for Dear Sir:
CAPTION ERROR your information and possible interest. I read with great interest in the Dec.
Stanley B. McKnight, '64 ROUNDEL the article, "Evolution of
Dear Sir: Stations Superintendent, RCAF Telecommunications". However,
I would like to point out that the flight Kitchener Public Utilities Co., in the paragraphs on airborne equipment
steward shaking hands with Her Majesty Kitchener, Ont. the . meanmg of a particular piece of
the Queen in the picture in the Novem- eampment seems to be in error. I always
ber '64 ROUNDEL is not Cpl. L. H. Gilks, thought that IFF stood for Identification
but the undersigned.
I might add that it was the fourth time
GENESIS GUIDEPOSTS Friend or Foe. Am I not correct?
Dear Sir: Cpl. J. A. Riley,
for me to have the privilege and honour Three cheers and a hearty "Amen" to RCAF Station,
to be a crew member on a flight with retired A/V/M who ever he may be. Summerside.
Her Majesty since 1951. ("Genesis Guideposts," Nov. '64.)
FS J. O. G. Mignault, (Cpl. Riley is correct. The I stands for
"Carpe diem". identification, not interrogation-Editor.)
NCO i/c Flight Stewards, Harry B,
No. 412 (T) Sqn., Comox, B.C.
RCAF Station, Uplands. "One of Mawdesley's Boys."

32
ROUNDEL
 The Beaufort was first flown in October 1938 and was

ANRCRAFT in action by December 1939 with RAF Coastal Command.

Its main function was torpedo bombing, but it was also used
in reconnaissance and mine-laying. Beauforts did good work
• attacking enemy shipping in the North Sea, the English
• Channel, and the Mediterranean, and took part in several
strikes on major Germon warships. The first Coastal Com-
mand VC was awarded to F/O K. Campbell (RAF), who was
the pilot of a Beaufort which attacked the battle cruiser
Gneisenau in April 1941. Operating from Malta, Gibraltar,
and North African bases, Beauforts did much to deprive the
enemy forces in Africa of valuable supplies, notably gasoline.
No. 415 Squadron (RCAF) flew Beauforts for a brief
period, and in Canada No. 149 Squadron flew them from
Patricia Bay. Many more were flown by Canadians in
the RAF.
Powered by two Bristol Taurus radials of l, 130 h.p., the
Beaufort had a top speed of 265 m.p.h. at 6,000 feet. It was
armed with four .303 cal. machine guns and carried either
1,500 pounds of bombs or one l 8 inch torpedo of 1,605
pounds. Wing span was 57 feet 2 inches, length 41 feet
8 inches, and loaded weight was 17,000 lbs.
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force