DCA 30142 BUILDING

SERVICES 2:
CASE STUDY REPORT

STAR PARADE COMPLEX, ALOR SETAR

LECTURER NAME : TS. ZALINNA BINTI KALIMAN

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

Muhammad Irfan Leqir B Hamidon 03DSB21F2020

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 INTRODUCTION OF M&E 1

02 INTRODUUCTION OF THE BILDING 2

03 ACMV SYSTEM 3-6

04 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 7 -15

05 ELECTRICAL ROOM 16 -25

06 BUILDING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

26 -29

07 CONCLUSION 30
1.0 INTRODUCTION OF THE M & E

1. 'M&E' in construction refers to mechanical and electrical systems.

2. Mechanical and electrical work includes construction activities such as installing or repairing
electrical systems and plumbing systems, as well as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
systems.

1.1 WHAT IS THE MECHANICAL

Mechanical rooms contain an assortment of equipment such as the HVAC equipment

meaning heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, air handlers, chillers, and also elevator
machinery, back up electric generators, heat exchangers, boilers, sprinkling pumps and
piping in case of fires, water heaters and the tanks required to do so, a plethora of water
pumps and any and all other assorted equipment needed in a large building such as a
hospital, for instance

1.2 WHAT IS THE ELECTRICAL

An electrical room is a room or space in a building dedicated to electrical equipment. Its

size is usually proportional to the size of the building; large buildings may have a main
electrical room and subsidiary electrical rooms. Electrical equipment may be for power
distribution equipment, or for communications equipment.

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2.0 INTRODUCTION OF THE BUILDING

STAR PARADE COMPLEX , ALOR SETAR

Service options : In - store shopping

Address : G-888, Ground Floor & 1-888, First Floor, Kawasan Perusahaan Tandop
Baru, 05400, Alor Star, Kedah, Kawasan Perusahaan Tandop Baru, 05400 Alor Setar,
Kedah.

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4.0 ACMV SYSTEM
PLAN ACMV SYSTEM OF BUILDING

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PLAN ACMV SYSTEM OF BUILDING

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PLAN ACMV SYSTEM OF BUILDING

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PLAN ACMV SYSTEM OF BUILDING

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AHU ROOM
The air handling unit (AHU) is the heart of central air conditioning. It collects
outside air and room air, removes dust and other particles from the collected air,
adjusts the temperature and humidity and then supplies comfortable and
refreshing air-conditioned air into the rooms through ducts.

Component Ahu Room :

Housing
Damper
Mixing BoX
Heat EXchanger
Centrifugal Fans
Fan
Cooling Fan
Filter
Humidifier
Distribution Frame

Ahu Layout

Explanation : ACMV System

Housing AHU
Serves to house all the components and it is
made of metal to avoid corrosion.

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Explanation : ACMV System

Filter

The type of filter depends on the purity

requirements of the building. Air intended for a
hospital surgical room requires a higher level of
“cleaning” than air for a hotel conference room.

Fan

The fan expels the air from the AHU into the duct
system that distributes the conditioned air.

Maxing Box

This boX has air inlets that is attached to the

dampers. This is the place where the outside
air and the return air are mixed to provide
the correct proportion of air to be
distributed to the space that is to be condition

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Explanation : ACMV System
Daper

Dampers that are used to control the amount of

out- door air that enters the system, the amount of
air exhausted from the system, and the amount of
return air from the building that is recirculated
through the system.

Heat Exchanger

A component within the heat recovery unit

that transfers heat between two fluid flow
streams (i.e. air).

Humidifier

Humidifier is a duct-based air humidifying

system integrated in a ventilation system,
adding vaporized water in the form of mist to
the airflow.

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Explanation : ACMV System
Chiller Room
A cooling tower to reject the heat from the building. The
chiller produces chilled water and pushes this around the
building to Air Handling Units (AHU's) and Fan Coil Units
(FCU's) etc. These units circulate air around the local space
as well as the building.

Component Chiller Room :

Compressor
Condenser
Evaporator
Thermal EXpansion Valve

Component

Is an assembly of air conditioning components (such as

fans, cooling coils, filters, humidifiers and dampers)
integrated into a self-contained package and installed as a
single unit, which is connected to a system of metal duct
work that distributes the conditioned air.

Condenser

Condensing unit (also called compressor unit) is the most

important part of whole cold room system. A condensing
unit typically is a high side assembly of a refrigeration
system. It is an assembly of compressor, condenser, fan
motor, controls and a mounting plate.

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Component Chiller Room :

Evaporator

An evaporator is a component driven by engine

power that is used in the air conditioning cycle.
How it works is the cold refrigerant exchanges heat
with warm air to send cooled or dehumidified air to
the cabin.

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5.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Plan Fire Protection of The Building

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Plan Fire Protection of The Building

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Plan Fire Protection of The Building

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 The operation of the fire detector is divided into two:
Manual
Human controlled:
Example:
-Emergency stop button
-Break glass

FIRE CONTROL ROOM

A case study of fire protection system in Star Parade Complex is shown for clearer understanding
through experiential learning process. Fire control room and firefighting system pump room are the
important spaces installed in the building for fire protection purpose. Fire control room is the first
contact for occupants who need help in the shopping complex. It is also the first place to get notified
when any part of the building is on fire, alarming the occupants and contact with the nearest
firefighting station. Fire control room in Star Parade Complex consists of master control panel which
installed with fireman intercom system for fire protection and CCTV monitoring panel for security
purpose.
A separate room of fire resistant construction that provides an area from which fire fighting operations
or other emergency procedures can be directed or controlled. It cannot be used for any other purpose.
It contains controls, panels, telephones associated with a building fire services. It must comply with
relevant regulations.

Fire Detection Alarm

Function:
This equipment is for a fire alarm center. When a fire can be detected, a system that can
manage every component of the detector is needed, and the manual station also provides
instructions on the alarm bell and indicator lamp.

1. When there is a fire and smoke enters the AHU room, the smoke detector detects the smoke
and alerts the fire department. The alarm will now sound.
2. This building's protected rooms include the AHU room, stairs, and motor room.

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Detection For Lift

If there is an emergency in the elevator, this device can detect

it and in the same alarm will sound. For example, the elevator
is stuck.

Smoke Detectors

Two common used smoke detectors are optical smoke detector

and ionization smoke detector. Smoke detector used in Star
Parade Complex is an optical type smoke detector designed for
use on conventional / non - addressable fire alarm systems.
Smoke detectors can detect the presence of smoke in an area
when it reached the ceiling where the detector is normally
located. Smoke detector is an automatic actuating device which
is a first device to detect fire and notify the occupants in the
building. It normally connected to the alarm system and power
by central alarm system or a fire suppression system.

Break Glass for fire alarm

Break glass is a manual actuating device ti activate fire alarm.

Electrically operated alarm may be operated from break glass
call point and, once operated, the alarm will continue to sound
automatically. The usual maximum travel distance to operate
the alarm is 30m and the call points should be fitted at a height
of about 1.4m above the floor, either on landings or corridors.
The call point contains a depressed plunger pressing against a
glass front. When the glass is broken the plunger is released
and operates the alarm system.

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 Alarm

Alarm may be used for fire alarm signals where their sound is
distinctive and will not confused with similar audible signals used
for other purpose.

Speaker

Speaker are frequently used as fire alarm signalling appliances.

Since they reproduce electronic signals, they can be made to sound
like any mechanical signalling device and have the capability of
reproducing unique sounds that are not practical on mechanical
appliances. In addition, they may be used to give live or recorded
voice instructions. Speakers are either direct radiating cone type, or
of the compression driver and horn type. Speaker are generally
operated from audio amplifier delivering standard output line levels
of 70.7 or 25 volt AC rms. The speakers are driven by an electronic
tone generator, microphone or voice synthesizer and an electronic
amplifier.

Fireman Intercom System

The Fireman Intercom System provides a reliable

communication between the Fire Control Room and the
remote Handset Station. The system consists of a remote
handset station and Fireman Intercom panel which is
normally installed at the Fire Control Room.

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UBBL 239, Voice communication system
There shall be two separated approved continuously supervised voice communications systems,
one a fire brigada communications system and the other public address system between the central
control station and the following areas:
1. Elevator , staircase, corridors and elevator lobbies

Remote Handset Station

These telephone handsets are permanently installed throughout a

building to allow Fire Fighters easy communication with the main
control panel. The remote handset stations are located at staircase at
every level. The Fire Fighter telephone stations provide a handset
behind a locked door. Equipped with a "break glass" feature, the unit
can be accessed by unlocking the door or breaking the glass section.
The door is clearly indentified with the words or "TELEFON
BOMBA API" which means firefighter's telephone, using large white
lettering for easy indentification. The breakable glass section clearly
indicates. "To open key or break glass" in order to access the unit.

The Fire Fighter Telephone handset rests on a cradle inside the

enclosure . Lifting the remote handset from the cradle causes a buzzer
to sound and lights a " Common Call " indicator, if provided at the
Emengency Voice Evacuation panel, while the caller hears a steady
tone indicating that a call is being made.

Sprinkler System

Typically, a Fire Sprinkler System are made up from a series of

components including stop valve, alarm valve, fire sprinkler, alarm
test valve and motorised alarm bell. In addition to this there are
additional components that support this arrangement including a
valve monitor, pressure switch and flow switch.

Normally a wet pipe automatic fire sprinkler system is fully charged

with water coming from a known reliable water supply. The
installation is pressurised with the alarm valve secured in the open
position. When a fire sprinkler is exposed for a sufficient time to a
temperature at or above the temperature rating of the heat sensitive
element it releases, allowing water to flow from only the affected
sprinkler . Additional fire sprinkler may also operate it they too are
exposed to sufficient heat. 22
 Water Tank

Sprinkler Valves
1. Sprinkler valves shall be located in a safe and enclosed position on the exterior wall and shall
be readly accessible to the fire authority.
2. All sprinkler systems shall be connected to the nearest fire station to provide immediate and
automatic relay of the alarm when activated.

Sprinkler Head Type

Fire Sprinkler systems are actually heat activated, one sprinkler

head at a time, and most fires usually require only one or two
sprinklers to be extinguished.

Pump Transmission
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or
sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted
from electrical energy into hydraulic energy. Pumps can be
classified into three major groups according to the method they
use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity
pumps.

Pump Body

A primary pump draws water from a water source, sending it

through a hose to a booster sprinkler pump, which increases the
water pressure as it flows through the pump, and then directs the
flow of water to the sprinkler system. These sprinkler pumps
can also be used as primary pumps if necessary

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Hose Reel System

HoseReelSystemisintendedfortheoccupanttouseduring theearly
stagesoffireandcompriseshosereelpump,fire watertank,hosereel,
pipeworkandvalves.Thehosereel systemgenerallyservesasanintial
firefightingaid.The systemismanuallyoperatedandactivatedby
openingavalve enablingthewatertoflowintothehosethatistypically30
metersaway.Thesystempressurelosswillactivatethepump
ensuringadequatewaterflowandpressuretoprovideawater jetof
typicallyaminimumof10meterfromthenozzle.

Fire Extinguisher

FireExtinguisherareextremelyvaluableforextinguishing fires at the early

stages, but they cannot be used successfully todealwithlargefires.Portable
FireExtinguisherarethefirst- aidfirefightingapplianceswhichcanbecarried
byhandand fromwhichtheextinguishingagentcanbeexpelled,usually
under pressure.

CO Fire Extinguisher is installed at Electrical Room,

Chiller Room, Motor Lift Room and Fire Control Room

UUBL 227 : Portable Extinguisher

PortableExtinguishershallbeprovidedinaaccordancewith therelevant
codesofpracticeandshallbesitedinprominent positionsonexitroutesto
bevisiblefromalldirectionsand similarextinguishersinabuildingshallbe
ofthesamemethod ofoperation.

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 Fire Lift

FireLiftisaliftInstalledprimarilyforpassengers use,whichhas additional

protection, control and signals that enable it to be usedunder the direct control of the
fire service. The lift should have directaccessfromthestreetandtheelectricity
supplyshouldbe separated to that provided for other lifts.

UUBL 243 : Fire Lifts

1. Inabuildingwherethetopoccupiedfloorusover18.5metersabovethefireapplianceaccess levelfireliftsshall
beprovided.
2. TheFireLiftsshallbelocatedwithinaseparatedprotectedshaftifitopensintoaseparate lobby
3. FireLiftsshallbeprovidedattherateofoneliftineverygroupofliftswhichdischargeinto thesameprotected
enclosureorsmokelobbycontainingtherisingmain,providedthatthefire liftsarelocatednotmorethan61
meterstraveldistancefromthefuthermostpointofthefloor.

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6.0 ELECTRICAL ROOM
The construction features of an electrical room vary depending on the scope of the
equipment to be installed. Floors may be reinforced to support heavy transformers
and switchgear. Walls and ceilings may have to support a heavy cable tray system or
busbars. Additional ventilation or air conditioning may be needed, since electrical
apparatus gives off heat but the temperature must not rise beyond the tolerance of
equipment. Double doors may be installed to allow for maintenance of large
equipment. If utility service entrance equipment and metering is present in the room,
special provisions may be made for access by utility personnel. Fire detection and fire
suppression systems, such as carbon dioXide, may be installed.

Electrical Room Equipment :

Electric Switchboards
Distribution Board
Circuit Breakers and Disconnects
Motor Control Centers
Transformer
Busbars
Electricity Meters
Backup Batteries in a Battery Room
Fire Alarm Control Panels
Distribution Frame

Explanation

Electric Switchboard

The primary components of a switchboard structure are

the frame, bus, overcurrent protective devices,
instrumentation, enclosures and exterior covers. The
switchboard frame is the metal skeleton that houses all the
other components.

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Explanation
Distribution Board

The EletraGear main distribution boards are used to

distribute and control the power supply in large buildings
such as shopping malls, hospitals, universities, and hotels.
The main distribution boards are generally installed after
the main power source.

Circuit Breakers and

Disconnects

Circuit Breaker is a protection device (such as MCB, ACB,

SF6, OCB etc) which disconnects the circuit in case of
overload and short circuit faults. Disconnector and Isolator
switches provide isolating function i.e. disconnecting the
supply from all or a portion of installation e.g. in power
plants.

Motor Control Panel

A motor control center is an assembly to control

some or all electric motors in a central location. It
consists of multiple enclosed sections having a
common power bus and with each section
containing a combination starter, which in turn
consists of motor starter, fuses or circuit breaker,
and power disconnect.

Transformer

Transformer is a passive component that

transfers electrical energy from one electrical
circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits.

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Explanation

Busbars

In electric power distribution, a busbar is a metallic strip

or bar, typically housed inside switchgear, panel boards,
and busway enclosures for local high current power
distribution. They are also used to connect high voltage
equipment at electrical switchyards, and low voltage
equipment in battery banks.

Electricity Meter

An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter,

energy meter, or kilowatt-hour meter is a device that
measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a
residence, a business, or an electrically powered device.
Electric meter or energy meter measures the total power
consumed over a time interval.

Backup Batteries in
a Battery Room

A backup battery provides power to the

system while the primary power source is
down. They can range from small single cells
to large room facilities that work as UPS for
data centers.

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Explanation

Fire Alarm Control

Panel
The panel receives information from devices designed to
detect and report fires, monitors their operational
integrity and provides for automatic control of
equipment, and transmission of information necessary to
prepare the facility for fire based on a predetermined
sequence.

Distribution Frame
In telecommunications, a distribution frame is a
passive device which terminates cables, allowing
arbitrary interconnections to be made.

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 7.0 BUILDING TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM

7.1 LIFTS MOTOR ROOM

The machine room is an area set aside for elevator equipment and consists of the controller, 2
electrical disconnects and the pump unit. The controller is a series of relays to help the elevator
runs, think of it as the brain.

LIFT MOTOR ROOM COMPONENT

Electrical disconnect
Machine (geared, gearless and drum type)
Machine brake
Drive motor
Encoder
Motor generator set
Rope gripper
Fire alarm devices.
Firefighter Telephone
Fire Extinguisher

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Electrical Disconnects
Electrical disconnects are switches that isolate all wiring in a home
or other building from the source of power, typically the utility
power service. Also called the service disconnect this is the first
disconnect device after the utility meter.

Machine (geared, gearless or drum type)

Drum-type elevator machine, wherein the rope was wound on
a cylindrical drum or the hydraulic-type elevator (the direct-
plunger hydraulic or the roped hydraulic machine) was the
principal means of hoisting force. Both had severe rise
limitations: the drum type in the size of the drum and the
hydraulic type in the length of the cylinder.

Machine Break
Unlike an automobile brake, which has to be depressed to
engage, the elevator brake is clamped down unless power is
supplied to release it. That means that any loss of power either
due to a system error or an electrical grid failure, will set off
the motor brake

Drive Motor
It is function is to operate the movements, speed and
torque of your elevator

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Encoder
Encoders play a key role in another aspect of elevator
operation: preventing the car from going over speed. In an
elevator, encoder tell the controller when the car has reached
the correct floor, in the correct position. That is encoder
motion feedback to the elevator's controller ensures that
elevator doors open level with the floor.

Motor Generator Set

Motor generator also called Motor-generator Set, an electric
motor coupled to an electric generator to convert electric
power from one to another. The motor operators from the
available electric power source and the generators provides
power of the characteristic's desires for the load.

Rope Gripper
Elevator ropes are highly engineered and made of steel with
other composites. Also they are not single wire but several
strands of various sizes wrapped together. An typical cable
or rope can have over 150 strands of wire precisely to be
strong, flexible and give long services.

Fire Alarm Detector

Smoke detectors are not allowed in the elevator shaft

without sprinklers. The fire department (AHJ) is permitted to
allow machine to allow machine room and elevators and
elevator shaft smoke detectors to initiate a supervisory
signal instead of an alarm signal.

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Firefighter Telephone
A firefighters telephone system is a special telephone system
that allows firefighters to talk to each other inside a building
when they can't use their radios. The firefighters use their
radios, but, as they put out the fire in a large building, when
their radios don't work, they use the firefighters phone
system to communicate

Fire Extinguisher
A fire extinguisher has a function to control fire and
extinguish the fire. The fire extinguisher itself is made of
alloy steel which has been applied in chemistry, metallurgy,
and mechanics. The purpose of using this material is to
withstand chemicals as well as measured pressure.

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ESCALATOR SYSTEM
An escalator is a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building or structure. It
consists of a motor-driven chain of individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair of
tracks which keep them horizontal.

Escalators are often used around the world in places where lifts would be impractical, or they can
be used in conjunction with them. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping
malls, airports, transit systems (railway/railroad stations), convention centers, hotels, arenas,
stadiums and public buildings.

Escalators have the capacity to move large numbers of people. They have no waiting interval
(except during very heavy traffic). They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special
exhibits and may be weatherproofed for outdoor use. A non-functional escalator can function as a
normal staircase, whereas many other methods of transport become useless when they break down
or lose power

LIFT MOTOR ROOM COMPONENT

Landing Platforms
Truss
Balustrade
Handrail
Balustrade Panel
Skirt Panel
Steps

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Landing Platforms
Landing platforms are the two platforms (at the two ends) that
house the curved sections of the tracks, as well as the gears
and motors that drive the stairs. The top platform usually
contains the motor assembly and the main drive gear, while
the bottom holds the return gear. These sections also anchor
the ends of the escalator truss

Truss
The truss is the hollow metal structure that bridges the
lower and upper landings, composed of two side sections
joined together with cross braces across the bottom and
just below the top. The ends of the truss are attached to
the top and bottom landing platforms via steel or concrete
supports. It carries all the straight track sections
connecting the upper and lower sections.

Balustrade
The balustrade is composed of handrails, balustrade
panels, and skirt panels

Handrail
The handrail provides a handhold for passengers while
they are riding the escalator. The handrail is pulled along
its own track by a chain that is connected to the main
drive gear by a series of pulleys, keeping it at the same
speed as the steps. Four distinct sections make up the rail:
at its center is a "slider", also known as a "glider ply",
which is a layer of a cotton or synthetic textile that
allows the rail to move smoothly along its track

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Balustrade Panel

Being made of either metal, sandwich panel, or glass, the

balustrade panel supports the handrails of the escalator. It also
provides additional protection for the handrail and
passengers. Some escalators have direction arrows on the
ends of the balustrade. Escalators' on/off buttons are
frequently located at the ends of the balustrade. Moving
walkways often use balustrades in the same way

Skirt Panel

The bottom of the balustrade is called a skirt panel. It is

notorious in this art for being a frequent site of injuries
and failures, due to the possible entrapment of materials
(including body parts) in the machinery.

Steps

The steps themselves are solid, one piece, die-cast

aluminum or steel. Yellow demarcation lines are
sometimes added to indicate their edges. In most
escalator models manufactured. The riser and the tread of
each step is cleated (given a ribbed appearance) with comb-
like protrusions that mesh with the comb plates on the
top and bottom platforms and the succeeding steps in the
chain.

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CONCLUSION
Overall, the service system at Star Parade Complex complies with UUBL but the
maintenance of some services is not going well. Although it does not cause much
problem for now but it is better to ensure the maintenance in - check so that system
failure can be avoided.

Through this project, we were able to learn about the role of each service system in a
commercial building. The service system in the building can be categorized into ACMVSystem,
Fire Protection, Electrical Room and Building Transportation System. Each of
these systems plays an important role in keeping the building functioning properly andhas its
own components that have different functions.

The site visit of the Star Parade Complex and the explanations of their technicians really
helped us to develop a further understanding of the various service systems incommercial
buildings. No doubt this knowledge will help us in our future building
service work.

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