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3610 Project Lau Gunung

number
Project Created
Falkinger Falkinger
manager by
Date
last 20.03.2020
rev.
Short circuit and protection calculation
Date
Est. 25.09.2020
document title

Short circuit and protection calculation

1 Content

2 OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 4

2.2 Single line diagram ............................................................................................................ 4

3 TECHNICAL DATA ................................................................................................................................ 6

3.1 Grid Data .......................................................................................................................... 6

3.2 Transformer Data.............................................................................................................. 8

3.3 Unit 1 Data ....................................................................................................................... 9

3.4 Unit 2 Data ..................................................................................................................... 10

4 SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION.................................................................................................... 11

4.1 Technical Data - ELAPLAN................................................................................................ 11

4.2 Short circuit calculation at all places (max/min – 3pol, 2pol, 2polE, 1pol) ......................... 12

4.3 Minimum Short circuit current (2-phase) – at definite places ........................................... 16

4.4 Minimum short circuit current (1-phase) – at definite places ........................................... 20

4.5 Maximum short circuit current (3-phase) – at definite places .......................................... 20

4.6 C Overview of considered short circuit currents: .............................................................. 21

5 PROTECTION GENERATOR 1 ....................................................................................................... 22

00 20.03.2020 Short circuit and protection calculation WoH geprüft genehmigt

rev. date description prepared checked approved

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5.1 Generator Overcurrent - ANSI 50/51 ............................................................................... 22

5.2 Earth Overcurrent - ANSI 50N/51N .................................................................................. 24

5.3 Generator earth fault - ANSI 59N..................................................................................... 24

5.4 Current unbalance - ANSI 46 ........................................................................................... 26

5.5 Voltage unbalance/sequence - ANSI 47 ........................................................................... 26

5.6 Overload - ANSI 32P ........................................................................................................ 27

5.7 Reverse power - ANSI 32P< ............................................................................................. 27

5.8 Loss of Excitation (VAr Import), Overexcitation (VAr Export) - ANSI 32Q .......................... 28

5.9 Loss of Excitation - ANSI 40: ............................................................................................ 28

5.10 Generator Differential Protection - ANSI 87G ............................................................... 30

5.11 Under-/Overvoltage ANSI 27/59 .................................................................................. 31

5.12 Under-/Overfrequency ANSI 81 .................................................................................... 31

5.13 Additional settings for Sepam G88: .............................................................................. 31

5.14 Under-/Overvoltage ANSI 27/59 (Busbar)..................................................................... 32

5.15 Under-/Overfrequency ANSI 81 (Busbar) ...................................................................... 32

5.16 Vektor Surge ANSI 78 ................................................................................................... 32

5.17 Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) ANSI 81R ............................................................ 32

6 PROTECTION GENERATOR 2 ........................................................................................................ 33

7 OWN USE TRANSFORMER PROTECTION .................................................................................. 34

8 GRID PROTECTION (MV) ................................................................................................................ 36

8.1 Overcurrent - ANSI 50/51 ................................................................................................ 36

8.2 Under-/Overvoltage ANSI 27/59 ..................................................................................... 37

8.3 Under-/Overfrequency ANSI 81 ....................................................................................... 37

8.4 Current unbalance - ANSI 46 ........................................................................................... 37

8.5 Voltage unbalance/sequence - ANSI 47 ........................................................................... 37

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8.6 Neutral voltage displacement - ANSI 59N ........................................................................ 37

8.7 Additional settings: ......................................................................................................... 37

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2 Overview
2.1 General
This document contains the short circuit and protection calculation for project Lau Gunung
(Indonesien).
Two Francis turbines with 6,3kV synchronous generators connected via step up transformers to the
20kV Medium voltage switchyard.
Synchronization will be done at the 20kV level.
The step-up transformers (6,3//20kV; 3x 9,3MVA; YNd11) have the star point at high voltage side
connected to one common neutral grounding resistor (80Ohm).

2.2 Single line diagram

Following protection devices will be used for Generator protection:

- Scheider Electric // Sepam G88
- Deif // GPC-3-A1
- Basler // DECS250
- GHE // HEROS – turbine/generator control system

Following protection device will be used for Line connection:

- Scheider Electric // Sepam S42

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3 Technical data
Following summarized the technical data required for short circuit and protection calculation, as
received from the grid operator, the client or mentioned in the data sheets of the electromechanical
equipment.

3.1 Grid Data

Following short circuit data received per mail at 01.10.2019 from Irfan Arfiady:
:

Short circuit current at 20kV level without generators in operation:

• Line 1 Ik max 3P = 2,4A (according table above)
• Line 1 Ik min 3P = 1,4kA (according table above)
• Line 1 Ik min 2P = 1,21kA (according calculation below)
• Line 2 Ik max 3P = 4kA (according table above)
• Line 2 Ik min 3P = 3,2kA (according table above)
• Line 2 Ik min 2P = 1,4kA (according calculation below)

Project Number 3610

General

Project Name Lau Gunung

Country Indonesia
Date 20.03.2020

Short circuit data

Grid 1 data

Rated Voltage UGrid 20 [kV]

Short Circuit Current Ik"3-max Ik"3-max 2,4 [kA]
Short Circuit Current Ik"3-min Ik"3-min 1,4 [kA] if value is mentioned by grid operator, above formula to be ignored

Short Circuit Current Ik"2-min Ik"2-min 1,21 [kA] if value is mentioned by grid operator, above formula to be ignored

Short circuit data

Grid 2 data

Rated Voltage UGrid 20 [kV]

Short Circuit Current Ik"3-max Ik"3-max 4 [kA]
Short Circuit Current Ik"3-min Ik"3-min 3,2 [kA]
Short Circuit Current Ik"2-min Ik"2-min 2,77 [kA]

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Situation of Grid Conditions from Client:

1. On normal operation, both line feeder are closed and coupler open, 1 outgoing supply to
Sidikalang Substation and the other supply to Brastagi Substation, on other word, the turbine
operate independently.

2. if one of the substation (Sidikalang or Brastagi) need more supply or other reason, both turbine
should synchronized and supply to one point only (Coupler Closed)

3. they will never supply to both substation if Coupler is closed.

4. The consultant ask 2 NGR from the very beginning, I also don’t know the exact reason. I guess
this regarding to independent operation of each turbine.

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3.2 Transformer Data

Auxiliary Transformer
Type OIL (HERMETIC)
Rated Power STr 300 [kVA]
Rated Primary Voltage UTr 1 20 [kV]
Rated Secondary Voltage UTr 2 0,4 [kV]
Tap Changer (HV side) +2x 2,5% / -2x 2,5%
Transformer

Rated Primary Current ITr 1 8,7 [A]

Rated Secondary Current ITr 2 433,0 [A]
Vector Group Dyn5
No-Load Losses (core losses) P0 [kW]
Load Losses (copper losses) PCU [kW]
Impedance UK UK 4 [%]
Inrush current IInrush [A]
Star Point Treatment Solid grounded

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3.3 Unit 1 Data

Generator Excitor (acc. FAT protocol)
Rated Generator Power SGen 9300 [kVA] Rated Voltage UEx 41 [V]
Max. Turbine Power (MECH.) PTurb Me 8354 [kW] Rated Current IEx 3,9 [A]
Max. Turbine Power (ELEC.) PTurb El 8032 [kW] Ex. Voltage - No Load Operation UEx-NL [V]
Power Factor PF 0,9 Ex. Current - No Load Operation IEx-NL 1,1 [A]
Gen. Power (@ nom. PF) PGen 8370 [kW] Excitation - Amount of poles [pair]
Rated Generator Voltage UGen 6,3 [kV] Excitation Time Constant TEx [s]

Rated Generator Current IGen 852,3 [A]

Rated Frequency F 50 [Hz]

Speed 750 [RPM]
Amount of poles 4 [pair]
Generator

Generator Time Constant Td0 T'd0 3,497 [s]

Reactance X0 (unsaturated) X0 6,6 [%]
Reactance X2 (unsaturated) X2 23,2 [%]
Reactance Xq (unsaturated) Xq 91,5 [%]
Reactance Xd (unsaturated) Xd 183 [%]
Reactance Xd' (unsaturated) Xd' 39,6 [%]
Reactance Xd" (saturated) Xd" 22,1 [%]
Efficiency @ PF1 & 100% ηGen 96,14 [%]
Sensing: Generator
CT: Primary Current 900 [A] VT: Primary Voltage 6300 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 1 - Secondary Voltage 100 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - class & burden 15VA, Cl.0,2 VT: Core 1 - class & burden 20VA, Cl.0,5
CT: Core 2 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 2 - Secondary Voltage 100 / 3 [V]
CT: Core 2 - class & burden 15VA, 5P10 VT: Core 2 - class & burden 20VA, 3P

Step-Up Transformer
Rated Power STr 9300 [kVA] Type OIL (HERMETIC)
Rated Primary Voltage UTr 1 20 [kV] Tap changer +2x 2,5% / -2x 2,5%
Rated Secondary Voltage UTr 2 6,3 [kV] Star Point Treatment Grounded by NGR
Transformer

Rated Primary Current ITr 1 268,5 [A]

Rated Secondary Current ITr 2 852,3 [A]
Primary Current @ 100% Gen. IGen HV 268,5 [A]
Vector Group YNd11
No-Load Losses (core losses) P0 [kW]
Load Losses (copper losses) PCU [kW]
Impedance UK UK 8 [%]

Sensing: Grid
VT: Primary Voltage 20000 / √3 [V]
MV - Generator Incomer

VT: Secondary Voltage 1 100 / √3 [V] VT: Secondary Voltage 2 100 / √3 [V]
VT: Core 1 - class & burden 20VA, Cl.0,2 VT: Core 2 - class & burden 20VA, Cl.0,2
Sensing: Generator
CT: Primary Current 300 [A] VT: Primary Voltage 20000 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 1 - Secondary Voltage 100 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - class & burden 15VA, Cl.0,5 VT: Core 1 - class & burden 20VA, Cl.0,5
CT: Core 2 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 2 - Secondary Voltage 100 / 3 [V]
CT: Core 2 - class & burden 5VA, 5P20 VT: Core 2 - class & burden 20VA, 3P

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3.4 Unit 2 Data

Generator Excitor (acc. FAT protocol)
Rated Generator Power SGen 9300 [kVA] Rated Voltage UEx [V]
Rated Turbine Power (MECH.) PTurb Me 8354 [kW] Rated Current IEx [A]
Rated Turbine Power (ELEC.) PTurb El 8032 [kW] Ex. Voltage - No Load Operation UEx-NL [V]
Power Factor PF 0,9 Ex. Current - No Load Operation IEx-NL [A]
Gen. Power (@ nom. PF) PGen 8370 [kW] Excitation - Amount of poles [pair]
Rated Generator Voltage UGen 6,3 [kV] Excitation Time Constant TEx [s]

Rated Generator Current IGen 852,3 [A]

Rated Frequency F 50 [Hz]

Speed 750 [RPM]
Amount of poles 4 [pair]
Generator

Generator Time Constant Td0 T'd0 3,497 [s]

Reactance X0 (unsaturated) X0 6,6 [%]
Reactance X2 (unsaturated) X2 23,2 [%]
Reactance Xq (unsaturated) Xq 91,5 [%]
Reactance Xd (unsaturated) Xd 183 [%]
Reactance Xd' (unsaturated) Xd' 39,6 [%]
Reactance Xd" (saturated) Xd" 22,1 [%]
Efficiency @ PF1 & 100% ηGen 96,14 [%]
Sensing: Generator
CT: Primary Current 900 [A] VT: Primary Voltage 6300 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 1 - Secondary Voltage 100 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - class & burden 15VA, Cl.0,2 VT: Core 1 - class & burden 20VA, Cl.0,5
CT: Core 2 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 2 - Secondary Voltage 100 / 3 [V]
CT: Core 2 - class & burden 15VA, 5P10 VT: Core 2 - class & burden 20VA, 3P

Step-Up Transformer
Rated Power STr 9300 [kVA] Type OIL (HERMETIC)
Rated Primary Voltage UTr 1 20 [kV] Tap changer +2x 2,5% / -2x 2,5%
Rated Secondary Voltage UTr 2 6,3 [kV] Star Point Treatment Grounded by NGR
Transformer

Rated Primary Current ITr 1 268,5 [A]

Rated Secondary Current ITr 2 852,3 [A]
Primary Current @ 100% Gen. IGen HV 268,5 [A]
Vector Group YNd11
No-Load Losses (core losses) P0 [kW]
Load Losses (copper losses) PCU [kW]
Impedance UK UK 8 [%]

Sensing: Grid
VT: Primary Voltage 20000 / √3 [V]
MV - Generator Incomer

VT: Secondary Voltage 1 100 / √3 [V] VT: Secondary Voltage 2 100 / √3 [V]
VT: Core 1 - class & burden 20VA, Cl.0,2 VT: Core 2 - class & burden 20VA, Cl.0,2
Sensing: Generator
CT: Primary Current 300 [A] VT: Primary Voltage 20000 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 1 - Secondary Voltage 100 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - class & burden 15VA, Cl.0,5 VT: Core 1 - class & burden 10VA, Cl.0,5
CT: Core 2 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 2 - Secondary Voltage 100 / 3 [V]
CT: Core 2 - class & burden 5VA, 5P20 VT: Core 2 - class & burden 20VA, 3P

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4 Short Circuit calculation

Short circuit calculation with above mentioned input data will be done with the software
ELAPLAN.
4.1 Technical Data - ELAPLAN

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Summarized maximum short circuit currents (acc. to following calculation graphs):

Max Short Circuit current at 20kV busbar: 8,464 kA
Max Short Circuit current at 6,3kV busbar: 12,425 kA
Max Short Circuit current at 0,4kV busbar: 8,345kA

4.2 Short circuit calculation at all places (max/min – 3pol, 2pol, 2polE, 1pol)

Graph 1: Maximum 3phase short circuit current at all places:

Graph 2: Maximum 2phase short circuit current at all places:

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Graph 3: Maximum 2phase&ground short circuit current at all places:

Graph 4: Maximum 1phase short circuit current at all places:

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Graph 5: Minimum 3phase short circuit current at all places:

Graph 6: Minimum 2phase short circuit current at all places:

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Graph 7: Minimum 2phase&ground short circuit current at all places:

Graph 8: Minimum 1phase short circuit current at all places:

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4.3 Minimum Short circuit current (2-phase) – at definite places

Situation 1: Minimum 2 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at own use transformer HV side.
(G1+G2 out of operation).

Situation 2: Minimum 2 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at own use transformer LV side.
(G1+G2 out of operation).

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Situation 3: Minimum 2 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at Generator 1 busbar

(G2 out of operation).

Situation 4: Minimum 2 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at Transformer 1 HV side

(G2 out of operation).

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Situation 5: Minimum 2 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at Generator 2 busbar

(G1 out of operation).

As generator 2 has the same capacity as generator 1, the same values of generator 1 can be used.

Situation 6: Minimum 2 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at Transformer 2 HV side

(G1 out of operation).

As generator 2 has the same capacity as generator 1, the same values of generator 1 can be used.

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Situation 7: Minimum 2 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at MV busbar

(G1+G2 in operation).

Situation 8: Minimum 2 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at grid connection

(G1+G2 in operation).

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4.4 Minimum short circuit current (1-phase) – at definite places

Situation 11: Minimum 1 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”min ) at transformer HV side (G1+G2 out of
operation).
Not Necessary

4.5 Maximum short circuit current (3-phase) – at definite places

Situation 12: Maximum 3 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”max ) at grid connection (G1+G2 in
operation).

Situation 13: Maximum 3 Phase short circuit current ( Ik”max ) at grid connection (G1 in operation).

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4.6 C Overview of considered short circuit currents:

Im PDF alle relevanten Ströme eintragen um eine Übersicht über alle Überstromauslösungen zu
bekommen und diese überprüfen zu können.

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5 Protection Generator 1

Generator protection at 20kV voltage side is done with Sepam G88 (Schneider Electric) and GPC-3
(Deif) protection relays. The Sepam G88 device is installed in the medium voltage generator
incomer, the GPC-3 is installed in the turbine/generator control cubicle.

5.1 Generator Overcurrent - ANSI 50/51

Calculation not possible at the moment. Decription oft he grid operation is missing

Operating range Failure

0 IN I I I kmin
AL AK

Izul…..Max. allowed current for continuous operation

IAL…..Activation current for I> protection (overload)
IAK…..Activation current for I>> protection (short circuit)
IKmin...Minimum short circuit current
fal…...Factor to avoid incorrect tripping due to overload I>
fak…..Factor to ensure safe tripping due to short circuit I>>
𝐼𝐴𝐿 = 𝐼𝑁 ∗ 𝑓𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝐴𝐾 = 𝐼𝑘𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑓𝑎𝑘
Factor fal 105 [%] …long time
Factor fal 120 [%] …short time
Factor fak 60 [%]

Primary-Side:
IGen HV 268 [A] Nominal current of generator at HV level

Ik-min HV Grid-D 777 [A] Short circuit current in grid-direction: acc. to situation 7 from calculation

Ik-min HV Gen-D 493 [A] Short circuit current in generator-direction: acc. to situation 3 from calculation

I> (IAL) 282 [A] I> (IAL) 105,0% Trip time 50,0 [s]
I> (IAL) 322 [A] I> (IAL) 120,0% Trip time 5,0 [s]
I>> (IAK) 466 [A] I>> (IAK) 173,7% Trip time 0,4 [s]
I>>> (IAK) 296 [A] I>>> (IAK) 110,2% 67 0,1 [s]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 1: 282 [A] % of IGen HV: 105,0% Trip time 50,0 [s]
Unit 2: 322 [A] % of IGen HV: 120,0% Trip time 5,0 [s]
Unit 3: 466 [A] % of IGen HV: 173,7% Trip time 0,4 [s]
Unit 4: 296 [A] % of IGen HV: 110,2% 67 0,1 [s]

Deif GPC-3 - Protection settings

Chan. 1030 295 [A] % of IGen HV: 110,0% Trip time 55,0 [s]
Chan. 1040 336 [A] % of IGen HV: 125,0% Trip time 8,0 [s]
Chan. 1130 480 [A] % of IGen HV: 178,7% Trip time 0,6 [s]
Chan. 1140 309 [A] % of IGen HV: 115,2% Trip time 0,3 [s]

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Secondary-Side:
IGen 852 [A] Nominal current of generator

Ik-min LV Grid-D 2800 [A] Short circuit current in grid-direction: acc. to situation 7 from calculation

Ik-min LV Gen-D 3300 [A] Short circuit current in generator-direction: acc. to situation 3 from calculation

I> (IAL-LV) 895 [A] % of IGen: 105,0% Trip time 50,0 [s]
I> (IAL-LV) 1023 [A] % of IGen: 120,0% Trip time 5,0 [s]
I>> (IAK-LV) 1680 [A] % of IGen: 197,1% Trip time 0,4 [s]
I>>> (IAK-LV) 1980 [A] % of IGen: 232,3% Trip time 0,1 [s]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 5: 895 [A] % of IGen: 105,0% Trip time 50,0 [s]
Unit 6: 1023 [A] % of IGen: 120,0% Trip time 5,0 [s]
Unit 7: 1680 [A] % of IGen: 197,1% Trip time 0,4 [s]
Unit 8: 1980 [A] % of IGen: 232,3% Trip time 0,1 [s]

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5.2 Earth Overcurrent - ANSI 50N/51N

UTr 1 20,0 [kV]
RNGR 40 [Ω]
INGR 288,7 [A]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 1: 15 [%] → 43 [A] Trip time 5,0 [s]
Unit 2: 25 [%] → 72 [A] Trip time 0,5 [s]

5.3 Generator earth fault - ANSI 59N

The 59N at the generator side is used as a 90% stator earth fault protection. With an open
earth resistor built into a separate grounding cubicle.
The earth fault detection will be done with a voltage transformer connected to the SEPAM
G88 protection device.

L1

N L2

L3

R=364Ω 6300V/√3 // 100V/√3

UMax. Failure = UGen Star = UGen / √3

𝑈> [𝑉] = 𝑈𝐺𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑟 ∗ 𝑈> [%]

Protection Zone (max. 90%)

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UGen 6,30 [kV]

UGen Star 3,64 [kV]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 1: 11 [%] → 400 [V] Trip time 15,0 [s]
Unit 2: 25 [%] → 909 [V] Trip time 0,5 [s]

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5.4 Current unbalance - ANSI 46

Deif GPC-3 – Protection settings

(HV side)
Channel 1500: 12 [%] Trip time 70,0 [s]
Channel 1710: 30 [%] Trip time 5,0 [s]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 1: 10 [A] Trip time 70,0 [s]
Unit 2: 25 [A] Trip time 5,0 [s]
For Sepam G88, secondary CT´s will be used.

5.5 Voltage unbalance/sequence - ANSI 47

Deif GPC-3 - Protection settings

Channel 1510: 12 [%] Trip time 10,0 [s]
Channel 1620: 20 [%] Trip time 2,0 [s]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 1: 10 [A] Trip time 10,0 [s]
Unit 2: 15 [A] Trip time 5,0 [s]

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5.6 Overload - ANSI 32P

𝑃> [𝑘𝑊] = 𝑃𝐺𝑒𝑛 ∗ 𝑃> [%]

SGen 9300,0 [kVA]

Pgen 8370,0 [kW]

P> 110 [%] → 9207,0 [kW] Trip time 10,0 [s]

P>> 125 [%] → 10462,5 [kW] Trip time 1,0 [s]

Deif GPC-3 - Protection settings

Chan. 1450 110 [%] → 9207,0 [kW] Trip time 10,0 [s]
Chan. 1460 125 [%] → 10462,5 [kW] Trip time 1,0 [s]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 1: 113 [%] → 9458,1 [kW] Trip time 12,0 [s]

5.7 Reverse power - ANSI 32P<

𝑃< [𝑘𝑊] = 𝑃𝐺𝑒𝑛 ∗ 𝑃< [%]

PGen 8370,0 [kW]

P< -2 [%] → -167,4 [kW] Trip time 20,0 [s]

P< -15 [%] → -1255,5 [kW] Trip time 2,0 [s]

Deif GPC-3 - Protection settings

Chan. 1000 -2 [%] → -167,4 [kW] Trip time 20,0 [s]
Chan. 1010 -15 [%] → -1255,5 [kW] Trip time 2,0 [s]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 2: -4 [%] → -334,8 [kW] Trip time 22,0 [s]

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5.8 Loss of Excitation (VAr Import), Overexcitation (VAr Export) - ANSI 32Q

SGen 9300,0 [kVA]

PGen 8370,0 [kW]

Overexcitation PFQ> 0,80 ϕoverex. 36,87 [°]

Underexcitation PFQ< 0,93 ϕunderex. 21,57 [°]

Q> 66,7 [%] → 5580,0 [kVAr] Trip time 2,0 [s]

Q< 40,8 [%] → 3418,3 [kVAr] Trip time 0,1 [s]

Deif GPC-3 - Protection settings

Chan. 1530 66,7 [%] → 5580,0 [kVAr] Trip time 2,0 [s]
Chan. 1520 40,8 [%] → 3418,3 [kVAr] Trip time 0,1 [s]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Unit 1: 69,7 [%] → 5831,1 [kVAr] Trip time 4,0 [s]

5.9 Loss of Excitation - ANSI 40:

The protection function is made up of two circular tripping characteristics on the impedance
plane
(R, X).
It picks up when the positive sequence impedance Zd enters one of the circular tripping
characteristics.
𝑈𝑇𝑟 1 𝑈𝑇𝑟 1 2
𝑍𝑁 = 𝑅𝑡 = 𝑃𝐶𝑈 ∗ ( 𝑆𝑇𝑟
)
√3∗𝐼𝐺𝑒𝑛 𝐻𝑉

𝑈 𝑈𝑇𝑟 1 2
𝐾
𝑍𝑡 = 100 ∗ 𝑋𝑡 = √𝑍𝑡 2 − 𝑅𝑡 2
𝑆𝑇𝑟

𝑋′
𝑥𝑎 = 200𝑑 ∗ 𝑍𝑁 + 𝑋𝑡
𝑋′𝑑
𝑥𝑏 = ( + 1) ∗ 𝑍𝑁 + 𝑋𝑡
200
𝑋′ 𝑋
𝑥𝑐 = (200𝑑 + 100
𝑑
) ∗ 𝑍𝑁 + 𝑋𝑡

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UTr 1 20,00 [kV]

UTr 2 6,30 [kV]
STr 9300 [kVA]
UK 93,0 [%]
PCU 9 [kW]
IGen HV 268 [A]
Xd 183 [%]
Xd' 40 [%]
ZN 43,01 [Ω]
Zt 40,000 [Ω]
Rt 0,043 [Ω]
Xt 40,000 [Ω]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

xa 48,52 [Ω]
xb 91,53 [Ω] Trip time 0,05 [s]
xc 127,23 [Ω] Trip time 0,50 [s]

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5.10 Generator Differential Protection - ANSI 87G

100+𝛽 100−𝛼
𝐼𝑑𝑠 = 100 ∗ [ − 100+𝑏 ] + 𝑃𝑅
100

𝐼𝑑 (100−𝛼)∗100
= 100 ∗ [1 − (100+𝑏)∗(100+𝛽)] + 𝑃𝑅 + 𝑆𝑀
𝐼𝑡

Because the transformer will be slowly energized by the generator, no inrush current will be
applicable,
therefore additional settings of Id/It2 and slope change point are not required.

α 5 [%] ….Error CT1

β 5 [%] ….Error CT2
b 7,5 [%] ….Error by Tap changer
PR 2 [%] ….Error of Protection Relay
SM 5 [%] ….Safety margin

Ids 18,6 [%]

Id/It 22,8 [%]

Sepam G88 - Protection settings

Ids 30 [%] …setting range: 30-100%
Id/It 23 [%] …setting range: 15-50%

Because the transformer will be slowly energized by the generator, no inrush current will be applicable
By the reason of no inrush current, additional settings of I d/It2 and slope change point is not required.

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5.11 Under-/Overvoltage ANSI 27/59

Adjustment at GPC-3:
Channel 1150: U> = 110% T = 10s
Channel 1160: U>> = 120% T = 200ms
Channel 1170: U< = 90% T = 10s
Channel 1180: U<< =85% T = 1s

Adjustment at Sepam G88:

Unit 1: ANSI59: U> = 110% (definite time / phase to pase) T = 15s
Unit 2: ANSI59: U>> = 120% (definite time / phase to pase) T = 0,3s
Unit 1: ANSI27: U< = 90% (definite time / phase to pase) T = 15s
Unit 2: ANSI27: U<< = 85% (definite time / phase to pase) T = 2s

5.12 Under-/Overfrequency ANSI 81

Adjustment at GPC-3:
Channel 1210: f > = 55Hz (110%) T = 0,5s
Channel 1240: f < = 45Hz (90%) T = 0,5s

Adjustment at SEPAM G88 (backup):

Unit 1: 81H f > = 55Hz T = 1s
Unit 1: 81L f < = 45Hz T = 1s

5.13 Additional settings for Sepam G88:

• TCS fault supervision: activated

• CT supervision activated
• VT supervision activated
• Breaker failure: O4 trips MV line breaker

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Grid decoupling protection – GRID OK Supervision:

5.14 Under-/Overvoltage ANSI 27/59 (Busbar)

Adjustment at GPC-3:
Channel 1270: U> = 110% T = 10s
Channel 1280: U>> = 115% T = 200ms
Channel 1300: U< = 90% T = 10s
Channel 1310: U<< =85% T = 1s

5.15 Under-/Overfrequency ANSI 81 (Busbar)

Adjustment at GPC-3:
Channel 1350: BB f > = 52,0Hz (104%) T = 1s
Channel 1360: BB f >> = 52,5Hz (105%) T = 0,1s
Channel 1380: BB f < = 48,0Hz (96%) T = 1s
Channel 1390: BB f << = 47,5Hz (95%) T = 0,1s

5.16 Vektor Surge ANSI 78

Adjustment at GPC-3:
Channel 1430: Vk = 10°

5.17 Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) ANSI 81R

Adjustment at GPC-3:
Channel 1420: df/dt = 5Hz/s
Channel 1422: Vz = 6 periods (measured over 6 periods)

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6 Protection Generator 2

”SAME SETTINGS AS FOR GENERATOR 1”

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7 Own Use Transformer Protection

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8 Grid Protection (MV)

Grid protection at 22kV voltage side is done with Sepam S42 (Schneider Electric) protection relay.
The Sepam S42 device is installed in the medium voltage line feeder.

Sensing: Grid-Connection Switchgear

MV - Line Feeder

CT: Primary Current 600 [A] VT: Primary Voltage 20000 / √3 [V]
CT: Core 1 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 1 - Secondary Voltage 100 / √3 [V]
105VA,
CT: Core 1 - class & burden VT: Core 1 - class & burden 20VA, Cl.0,5
Cl.0,5
CT: Core 2 - secondary curr. 1 [A] VT: Core 2 - Secondary Voltage 100 / 3 [V]
CT: Core 2 - class & burden 10VA, 5P20 VT: Core 2 - class & burden 20VA, 3P

8.1 Overcurrent - ANSI 50/51

Calculation not possible at the moment. Decription oft he grid operation is missing

Operating range Failure

0 IN I I I kmin
AL AK

Izul…..Max. allowed current for continuous operation

IAL…..Activation current for I> protection (overload)
IAK…..Activation current for I>> protection (short circuit)
IKmin...Minimum short circuit current
fal…...Factor to avoid incorrect tripping due to overload I>
fak…..Factor to ensure safe tripping due to short circuit I>>
𝐼𝐴𝐿 = 𝐼𝑁 ∗ 𝑓𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝐴𝐾 = 𝐼𝑘𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑓𝑎𝑘
Factor fal 105 [%] …long time
Factor fal 120 [%] …short time
Factor fak 60 [%]

IGes HV 537 [A] Nominal current of ALL generators at grid connection voltage level

Ik-min HV Grid-D 1500 [A] Short circuit current in grid-direction: acc. to situation 8 from calculation

Ik-min HV Gen-D 1200 [A] Short circuit current in generator-direction: acc. to situation 5 from calculation

I> (IAL) 564 [A] % of IGes HV: 105,0% Trip time 60,0 [s]
I> (IAL) 644 [A] % of IGes HV: 120,0% Trip time 7,0 [s]
I>> (IAK) 900 [A] % of IGes HV: 167,6% Trip time 0,7 [s]
I>>> (IAK) 720 [A] % of IGes HV: 134,1% 67 0,4 [s]

Sepam S42 - Protection settings

Unit 1: 564 [A] % of IGes HV: 105,0% Trip time 60,0 [s]
Unit 2: 644 [A] % of IGes HV: 120,0% Trip time 7,0 [s]
Unit 3: 900 [A] % of IGes HV: 167,6% Trip time 0,7 [s]
Unit 4: 720 [A] % of IGes HV: 134,1% 67 0,4 [s]

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8.2 Under-/Overvoltage ANSI 27/59

Adjustment at SEPAM S42:

Unit 1: ANSI27: deactivated, to avoid CB tripping in case of grid black out
Unit 1: ANSI59: U> = 112% (phase to phase) T = 5s
Unit 2: ANSI59: U>> = 120% (phase to phase) T = 0,3s

8.3 Under-/Overfrequency ANSI 81

Adjustment at SEPAM S42:

Unit 1: 81L deactivated, to avoid CB tripping in case of grid black out
Unit 1: 81H f > = 55Hz T = 0,5s

8.4 Current unbalance - ANSI 46

Adjustment at Sepam S42:

Unit 1: ITrip= 15% T = 5s
Unit 2: ITrip= 25% T = 1s

8.5 Voltage unbalance/sequence - ANSI 47

Adjustment at Sepam S42:

Unit 1: UTrip = 20% T = 3s

8.6 Neutral voltage displacement - ANSI 59N

Adjustment at Sepam S42:

Unit 1: UTrip = 15% T = 5sec
Unit 2: UTrip = 25% T = 1sec

8.7 Additional settings:

• TCS fault supervision: activated
• CT supervision activated
• VT supervision activated

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