Me PHYSICS =e hanes IMPORTANT FORMULAE 1. ELECTROSTATICS GIST S.No.| FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION 1. Q=+Ne Q= Charge, N= Number of | Quantization of charges s Charge particle 2. aa, Q1, Q2 are point charges F=| To find force between tow Fol Force point charges 3. F=QE E = Electric field Relation between F and E ‘ eae k=7b gictence Eiecile fic due r €o= Absolute permittivity Pe 9 5. ds = small area To find electric flux 6. = Electric Flux Gauss Theorem "es AV =potential difference "| To find the potential Wes V,=Electric potentail at A _| difference using Work AV=Vy-Ve= Ge V,=Electric potentail at B | done from a point Ato a q=charge point B 8. =K4 1 Electric potential due, Mak te to. point charge 4 Ey Ps 9 r= distance 9. pcosé p = dipole moment Electric potential due V=k—yz dipole r 10. —-dV dV / dr=potential gradient Relation between electric dr field and potential 1 | pee ata U = Potential Energy Potential energy of a = Fa W = Work done system of two point Charges . 2 = i Filed intensity due to 12. A= linear charge density [Filed intensity due to neo R uniformly charged wire 43. | a) outside the shell: = radius of Gaussian Filed intensity du to a surface (outside the shell) _| uniformly charged z= ko R=radius of shell spherical shell byenthe hel « =surface charge permittivity E= ks As q = 401R?o5 B= a 4d) inside the shell : E=0Ne PHYSICS == 14, o E = Electric field Field intensity due to thin Ee eq €o= electric permittivity infinite plane sheet of charge 18. | C= 4neor C=capacitance Capacity of isolated r=radius of conductor spherical conductor 16. &yA A= area of plates Capacitance of a parallel ca d=distance between the | plate capacitor d plates 47. Grouped errs fe = ce capacitance} To calculate equivalent a) In series. capacitance of a circuit 1 es oat Palent capacitance ce in parallel o ) In parallel: C,=C.+C,4C, 18. U = Electrostatic energy Energy stored in a stored in capacitor capacitor 49. E=electric field strength | Energy density of a parallel plate capacitor 20. V = Common potential To find Common potential due to sharing of| charge, a. - E, Loss fo energy Loss of energy due Spar charges 22. =14+% K = dielectric constant Relation between 1 = electric susceptibility | dielectric constant & electric susceptibility 23. ickness of slab Capacitance of parallel istance between the plate capacitor with plates conducting slab in C,=capacitance between 24. A K=dielectric constant Capacitance of parallel * a5 plate capacitor with ® dielectric slab in betweenNE PHYSICS = ‘ae aera ts 25. Values of Different quantities after Introducing dielectric slab between the plates of the charged capacitor : Description | When Battery connected When Battery disconnected Charge K Qo Qo Potential Vo VoIK difference Electric E, EJ/K field Capacitance} KC, KC Energy K times Feok? [Energy is supplied By battery 1K time 2298? [Energy used for PolarizationPHYSICS Unit-2 : CURRENT ELECTRICITY S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION — Qe l=current, Q=charged, t=time, | To find the current in a 1 ol Fe e=charge of electron current carrying wire. 2 = V=Potential difference, Relation between V Wer (Chere lew) R=resistance and | = I= neAV, V.=Drift Velocity Relation between (n = number density of ea of cross section current and drift velocity free electron) 4. my R = Resistance , p = Resistivity] Relation between R= & 1 = relaxation time, m= mass of] () R and A (ii) R and electron relaxation time 5. e=charge of electron Relation for resistivity p =conductance, and relaxation time + 6. C=conducatine,a =conductivity| To find C and o 7. j = current density, Relation between j with o= conductivity V, and j with E a l= mobility of electron To find wfrom V, 9. = pol 1+ a(T—To)] @ = temperature coefficient of Variation of P with resistance temperature Roky 10. Sea T, - T, = temperature difference | Formula for a 11. |R,=R,+R,+R,+... | R.= equivalent resistance in | Series combination = series combination 12. |4/R, = 1/R, + 1/R, + 1/R, +..| R, = equivalent resistance in Parallel combination series combination 13. | p=vi=PREVIR P = electrical power Relation for P with V, | and R 14. E=V+r=i(R+r) E = emf of cell, Relation for E and V 15, | OVE r= internal resistance (1) Current is drawn (i) VEE +I V = Potential difference (ii) cell is being charged 16. | pac Be r= internal resistance To find internal resistance a R = External resistance by potentiometer 17. a n= number of cells in series |Current drawn when n cells (nr) R = External resistance Jare connected in seriesPHYSICS NE arate en 18. fe m = number of cells in parallel | Current drawn when n cells mR yr) are connected in parallel 19. mn m = number of rows For max. current the “(mR yr) n= number of cells in each row] &xternal resistance must be equal to the total internal resistance 20. (loop rule) Zialgebraic sum of charge Kirchhoff s law (junction rule) | sy algebraic sum of potential difference 2. | PLR P,Q, R, S are resistences in four| Balanced condition of Qs arms of Wheatstone Bridge Wheatstone Bridge 22. S = Unknown resistance Working condition for R = Known resistance Wheatstone Bridge 23. VEKL V= Potential drop a wire Principle of Potentiometer L= Balancing length Cell. 24. | A La E, and E,, emf of two cells Comparison of emfs of two Rok |, and |, balancing length cell Unit-3 : MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM SL.No} FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATI! Biot - Savart Law sind dB = magnetic field at a point at distance r due to a current element] He = permeability of free space To find magnetic field at point due to current elem To find magnetic field due to dB = Boy Le urrent through wire ae = angle between current element} 2 Straight conductor. Idl and position vector r. 2 tgNia?_ | B= magnetic field due to a circular_|Magnetic field at centre, x = 0 * Be coilof N turns at distance X from its _ HoNT 2(a2+ x?) | center. Bo ae a= Radius of coil 3. ty NI B = magnetic field magnetic field due to a a r= perpendicular straight conductor of infinite distance from wire to length point of observation 4. |Ampere'scircuital] —— =. magnetic field due to a ok $8. dl = Line integral of eee IB THAN a magnetic field in a closed path. $B. dl =p! TEGO F = Force o i Fez a Force acting on a charge . (VX B) | y= velocity of charge particle particle in magnetic field F=B qvsinO q = charge of the particlePHYSICS __ hts yo 6. ‘sq (E+ (0X BY Force on charged particle in Lorentz force simultaneous Electric and magnetic fields 7. Fei(lx B F = Magnetic force on a current _| To find force acting ona el : ) carrying conductor of length | current carrying conductor F=BILSin® B = magnetic field. in a magnetic field. 8. Fovohk £ = Force per unit length between | Force per unit length ("der two parallel current carrying |, between two parallel and I, r = distance between the current carrying conductors. conductors. 9. |T=BINASine T= torque experienced by a magnetic field due to a current loop of area A in straight conductor of magnetic field B infinite length N = Number of turns of coil. |= current an is S=shuntrequired, Conversion fo G = Galvanometer Resistance, | Galvanometer ig = maximum current through | into Ammeter. galvanometer (0-i) = range of ammeter R = high resistance in series Conversion fo I |R= (Wig) -G Galvanometer into Voltmeter tome |= 7% r= radius of circular path in To find the radius of y Bq magnetic field circular path of charge’ particle moving perpendicular to the magnetic field. 2 13, |= Cyclotron frequency To find the frequency of cyclotron.[eases —_}- ———— Unit-4 : ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT S.No, FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION 1. ao induced emf. Faraday's law of dt electromagnetic induction : 2 e=-Bly magnetic field Motional emf ‘locity | = metal rod of length 3. V=%Bwl? V = emf developed To find emf developed between the ends of the rod. | between the end of the rod = angular velocity rotating in the magnetic field. | = length of the rod 4. @=LI © = Magnetic flux Relation between@ and L L = Self-inductance of the coil 5. | e=-Ldi/dt L = Self-inductance of the coil,| To find self-induced emf ina coil. 6. €1 =~ Miz dla/dt M,. =Coefficient of mutual Self-induced of a solenoid inductance dl/dt=Rate of charge of current in th secondary coil 7. | L=prpo nPAl Ur = Realtive permeability Ho = permeability of free space n= no of turns of the solenoid A = area of the solenoid L = length of the solenoid Equation of a.c generator 8. | e=nBAwsinut n= no of turns of the solenoid] Equation of a. c generator (w = 2nv) magnetic field rea of the solenoid v= frequency of AC 9. u=tie U = Energy stored in inductor | To find energy stored in the 2 inductor in its magnetic field.PHYSICS Unit-5 ;: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 'S. No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION cis the speed of To find speed of e.m electromagnetic wave in vacuum wave in vacuum permeability constant and Is the permittivity constant 2. v is the speed of To find speed of electromagnetic wave in| electromagnetic wave in material medium material medium Laws ata glance 1. $mda=9/ 4 (Gauss's Law for el 2, BxA=0 (Gauss's Law for magnetism) ag E-di= 3. § dt (Faraday’s Law) day 4, $B Mohs 0 (Ampere - Maxwell Law)