LEARN SANSKRIT

THE NATURAL WAY

LEARN SANSKRIT
THE NATURAL WAY
Revised & Enlarged Edition

Dr Narendra

AePAaHalea:
Harlaas:, Tet
WAHASAUT 28Re
TAATAEAUT, ooo
TAHA: RX?

Rs 50
ISBN 978-81-7058-512-1

© Bastian: AeanfaaHA--AGA TATAATHAT: 223, ooo

VR: SHAH: ASRACIAA:, YEAR Gokood
Won: Aafa1ay-Aeue:, Fee

First edition 1996

Third edition 2000
Fifth impression 2012

© Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust 1996, 2000

Published by Sanskrit Karyalaya, a unit of SriAurobindo Ashram
Publication Department, Pondicherry 605002
Web http://sanskrit.sriaurobindoashram.org.in

Printed at Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press, Pondicherry

PRINTEDIN INDIA
 INTRODUCTION

Readers may be aware that the Sanskrit Karyalaya of Sri

Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, has published a number
of books for promoting and popularising Sanskrit in a
simple form.
In this book the author tries to prove that Sanskrit is
not a difficult language. In fact, it is very close to us, as it
is the source of most of the languages of India and
intimately related to all of them.
The book also shows how simple Sanskrit can be
learnt in a very natural way. We call it The Natural Way
because it follows all through the fundamental principle
of all teaching — to go from the near to the far and from
the known to the unknown. The entire approach is direct
and simple and even the grammar is presented in a very
simple way.
The usual method of teaching Sanskrit has given
the impression that Sanskrit is very difficult and to
learn it cramming is unavoidable. Our method provides a
way oul.
The book is generally useful for all who wish to learn
Sanskrit without tears and specially useful for Indians.
Our aim is to lead the readers ultimately to the Vedas,
because as Sri Aurobindo affirms:
“The Veda is the beginning of our spiritual knowledge;
the Veda will remain its end... I believe the future of India
and the world to depend on its discovery and on its
application, not to the renunciation of life, but to life in the
world and among men.”
In this book Sanskrit has been kept as the base and
English is given as an aid to understand the text. In the
chapter entitled Indeclinables the English equivalent 1s not
given in some places where we felt that the English
translation would be more complicated than the original.
For the sake of a more natural presentation in English, we
have not insisted on a literal translation of the texts.
After studying this book, readers should read Speak
Sanskrit: the Easy Way, Surabharati as a follow-up study.
Our publications are listed at http://www.sabda.in

Suggestions from those who love Sanskrit and would

like to see it occupy its rightful place in the culture of India
and the world would be most welcome.

For video lessons, Speak Sanskrit: the Easy Way,

Surabharati texts and songs, please visit our website:
http://sanskrit.sriaurobindoashram.org.in
Publisher
 WHY SANSKRIT ?

Because
Sanskrit is good for all Indians.
Sanskrit is better. Sanskrit is a much fuller and subtler
language.
The Mother

Everyone of its vowels and consonants has a particular

and inalienable force which exists by the nature of
things and not by development or human choice...
The superior purity of the Indian language is the
reason of its being called the Sanskrit and not given
any local name, its basis being universal and eternal.
Sri Aurobindo

The very sound of Sanskrit words gives a prestige

and a power and a strength to the race.
Sanskrit and prestige go together in India.
Swami Vivekananda

Indianness cannot be imagined without Sanskrit.

E. S. Venkataramaiah

Sanskrit can never be replaced but once we lose it,

we shall cease to be Indians.
Dr. Sampurnananda

The Sanskrit words are the only link between the

North and South Indian languages.
Sanskrit is the life-breath of our languages. They
cannot grow without Sanskrit.
Dr. Raghuvira
Sanskrit is like the river Ganga for our languages. |
always feel that if it were to dry up the regional
languages also would lose their vitality and power.
Mahatma Gandhi
Character-building can best be achieved only through
Sanskrit. Meharchand Mahajan

Without the learning of Sanskrit it is not possible to

decipher the Indian philosophy on which our culture
and heritage are based.
B. L. Hansaria, Kuldip Singh
It would help us to remain not too far behind other
countries that have surged far ahead of us in reaping
the benefits of the study of Sanskrit and Sanskrit
literature...
It would help reviving the ethos of India because
synthesis, harmony and reconciliation comprise the
essence of the culture of Sanskrit.
Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma
Sanskrit will bind this nation together into a cultural
and economic force the world has not seen before.
The regions will thrive. The debilitating competition
between Hindi and Urdu, at the heart of communalism,
will be terminated.
The Hindu, April 28, 1996 Saeed Naqvi
 THE MOTHER’S MESSAGES

It would be better to learn Sanskrit and try to make it a

truly living language.

Not the Sanskrit of the scholars, but a Sanskrit that opens

the door to all the languages of India. I think that is
indispensable. The ideal would be, in a few years, to have
a rejuvenated Sanskrit as the representative language of
India, that is, a spoken Sanskrit... Sanskrit is behind all
the languages of India and it should be that. This was Sri
Aurobindo’s idea, when we spoke about it.

Every child born in India should know Sanskrit, just as

every child born in France has to know French.

The Sanskrit ought to be the national language of India.

When India goes back to her soul, Sanskrit will naturally

become India’s national language.

To learn a language one must read, read, read — and talk as

much as one can.

You must study grammar well if you want to understand

what you read.

For common use | was thinking of a simplified Sanskrit

from the grammatical point of view.
 CONTENTS

Common Vocabulary 18
Verbs 29
A Family of Words 34
Roots 34
Gender 38
English and Sanskrit 45
Grammar 4S
Indeclinables ab,
Let us Speak Sanskrit TI
Greetings 73
Do’s td
Don’ts 85
Miscellaneous 90
Tenses and Moods 94
I 105
Concerning Studies 109
You Lie
Miscellaneous 119
Declension 128
Proverbs 132
What Next ? 136
 THE DEVANAGARI SCRIPT
Devanagari letters, their English equivalents and
pronunciations are as follows:
VOWELS
ST oa rural ginger
aT 6a father frue
g i fill anfhill
S 1 feel drum
3 u fill dh redhead
3 ul fool n tournament
wm FT merrily similar to the
m OF marine th previous five but
with tongue
U e they
against the teeth
w al Kaikey1 dh as in the French
at oo gO dentals.
3Y au Kaushalya p put
m 7H hamsa ph uphill
h & sah b bear
bh abhor
CONSONANTS map
ep k Aall year
@ kh inkhorn red
Tg — get /ull
HZ gh — loghut ivy (but like w
BS oN S17g after consonants)
a church sure
Se ch hitchhike shun
TF Joy saint
a fh hedgehog AA
Ad
Sf
Al
(1
jal
ol
sl
90NS
AAG
td
lO
A8 h hear
 sass
SoU
Pere
Psaqseu
Aarts
Sseud
4aqqad
Gundy.
H4Ai@

eaA al
ZRBCHE
k2 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

About the Script

The exact pronunciation of , &, 4, 4, @ 4% @ is not possible

in Tamil and English; only the approximate pronunciation
is given on the ninth page.
Drawings of the Devanagari letters and numerals are
shown on the previous two pages. The order of strokes 1s
marked there by numbers and lines.
In Sanskrit no consonant can ever be uttered alone
without the help of a vowel added to it, and when we add
vowels to consonants, they are not separately written as in
English, but indicated by various signs, e.g.,

RAF HAA Hef BEA PIF

ka ka ki ki ku

Ref CRF FAP FCH FUG

ku kr kr ke kai

Aa gaa gidh gs fF Has

ko kau kam kim kah

RAL: DBs fH Ps HF Baap: senfe

kah kih kuh koh etc.
The combinations of vowels with all the other
consonants are to be represented in a similar way; but in
the case of % 3 and &, they will be as follows— % 3
ev ru, CH ®B ru.
 Conjunct Consonants 13

Conjunct Consonants

Two or more consonants coming one after the other form

a conjunct consonant (Y#dlakt yuktaksara). 21 consonants
have a vertical line on the right side. When they are to be
joined to other consonants, we have simply to write the
consonant without the vertical line and write the next
consonant close to it,e.g., LY A, 1¢ <, @ a S and so
on. {coming as the last member of a conjunct consonant
is written as NZIYVAIY ts St gE, 2t2Z tor
@ and @ (H, Lt 7, Wt Al Ccoming as the first member
of a conjunct consonant is written like this—tah &,
TG 4 CH WH Ca F ete.

Here is a list of important conjunct consonants:

hh ch th bd td bLAAA GA A by Fy
kka kta ktva kna kma

HI PRIM Hoa Faw FA

kra kya kla kva ksa

UTA HBYEHMH FTTEAM Cig Ct

ksna ksma ksya khra khya

LIM WLIW WAaA Tam way

ena gdha gna gma eva
14 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

TUT om ja Zam Arty

gva ghna ghra
gra gla

SHE SURF SIF SIF SHI SH

nkha nga ngha nkta
nka

tag yew qeiwy GAA WI

ccha cchra cma cya
cca

Waa Za Ziv Was

gay
chva jja jnia jra Jva

Tay AWA Wow Baa Zeg

Jya fica ficha fija tta

ZtZ Caamey aay Bere Wve

thya dya nta ntha
tra

TSwe Wow gage YIM WAM

nda ndha dhya nna nma

Tammy Fame LTH qaqa qqaa

nya nva tka tta ttva

17a qam awae qawm qaqa

ttha tna (pa (ma tya
 Conjunct Consonants 15

Lita Lad Law Wt a Re we

[ra {va tsa [sna isya

Se oa qT 7 A Qag que Zag

thna thya dda ddha dba

QT As qua cau ZtE Zag

dbha dma dya dra dva

Ba & Tye q zw yam Aaa

dhna dhma dhya dhva nta

i Lox Tats TIM TTI

ntra nda ndra ndha ndhra

1a qT 4 1a {aa Yaa
hha nma nya hnva pta

ea Tawa Tty Tow tae

pna pya pra pla psa

ba Ry LaF LER TIT III

phya bja bda bdha bra

17 Se LAA a re
bhya bhra mnha mpa mpra
16 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

yam FIT FAA RIAA Hiya

mba mbha mma mya mra

ow 4am THs C77 Lay

mla yya rka rga rgha

Taq tat THT LUA CHS

rca rja rghya rma lka

SUM BAM BIA BOWS AIA

Ipa Ima lya lla lva

Lag qtq Was YAM WARM

vya vra sca sna sma

LIM WIA Bama POW LHRH

sya Sra sva sla ska

YORE YFeIV YousRw_ Yum FIA

sta stra stha sna spa

LUIH FAM Yam Yam TH

SPra sma sya sva ska

Lar qi @qTIwa Ria Tqsawa

skha Sta Stya stra Stva
 Conjunct Consonants 17

aaiw qaawe aqua Thm gy

stha sna spa spha sma

Hae Arta qae ala ata

sya sra sva hna hna

eua etd Bree Oe) Rada

hma hya hra hla hva

Remember

T3Vv, CHB, Bd td, RIA, SIA,

Tat dad CAtq, qaak® Gag,
qua, cay <aqG, LAaq, GT eg,
Lia Beet ETS, ata Baad,
ead, qa
 COMMON VOCABULARY

The following words are common to Tamil, Telugu,

Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Oriya, Hindi, Gujarati,
Marathi, Maithili and Assamese. Barring a few, they are
the same in Punjabi also. This shows how our languages
are Closely linked with Sanskrit.

(Hh) SAHRA: Use:

The following words which are masculine 1n Sanskrit
are used in Tamil and Malayalam in the neuter form of
Sanskrit, e.g.,

WRAY Aa ASMA

aE: AEA, (Ae) FSA

In Tamil the middle three letters of the five classified
consonants are not there, i.e., they have &, S, 4, 4, ¢, 7, 4,
4, 4, 4 and not the rest of the fifteen consonants. The same
first letters (&, 4, z, a, 4) are used to denote the sounds of
the third letters (4, 4, S, z, a) also. Hence there is difference
in pronunciation, e.g.,

WeFTT SLE
SUT: STATA
ators: aafeaor ay
 Common Vocabulary 19

Telugu words can be formed by suffixing 3 to the words in

Tamil and Malayalam, e.g.,

THAT we AOMBH TET

aif: SIC EDEL aA aRTAAY

fag: Praray GEC fasray
In other Indian languages the following words are used
without faa, e.g.,

WPAT TARA TAT:

3T3T SIT
aia afr |vaya —

WE ASH AAT: eee STAR

afar: = _-RATT ITE: arya aT
sta STIR TATA: STOTT sTyaTe
aaa shar: sie: sae: ened
ate WTS FAA: BAAR sTqaq
HES aTag Sra: STS: = STAT
STAT sate ST: sera: + 3sieirate
sTsTA STS sldere: sat: sear
SCHTS STAR STS: STIR Rit
soar Sua Sura: TUE: «= SER
mela: th: AGE: ola: AIS:
foneur: Opty: one: HITT: Ale:
 0
No Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Ha: a{UT:

PUT: Ue:

ata: BWISETE:

Car: ach:
Ce: Eo:
qu: AAAI’:

fares: faura:

ELaee
SITE
A qT:

fa¢a
fare :

qaqa
qqgaaea
gaggartasss GRks
GE
EFT
FELELED fesare:
 Common Vocabulary 2)

BES SAILS] MI: spa YolHn

are TER TEA: agra: aH
ag BSESIES adr: aay: aay
Wes Tara aaa: Tans: Fara
Qala YAcla Uys: Wye Gayels.
Tay ag eae: wer: aAasIe
aR fae fast Gre Ue
EaaT: tqur: equa: tq: CaN:
tat: CSTR: Ga: eR: Sia:

(@) FSR: ATaHlose:

The following words are used as they are in
Malayalam. In Tamil also they are used similarly
except for the following which are written and spoken
differently, ¢.2.,

WHT ares
Sale tUTH SERUY (CHR BT?)
aI SREY (STARA
THRE FT BIT)
tad TH (HARKS THI:)
ee UIA (SHR TWAR:)
ay ORT (SHR WHR)
Telugu-words are formed by suffixing 3 to the
following words, e.g., 3#4— APY, AAA — ABA sea |
yi Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

In other Indian languages the following words are used

without the last letter 4, e.g., 34 — AF, AFA — AFA!
wat —

SI AA STA Ta
Ta, NAL STR TTL
CAL aaa TA Sa
Sat STS SEI SUT
ta Ae AT HTT
Css is Oe LE
HOM Pe 89had pe
RU mea ISH HATO
wer eS HSH PETA
PIC POH PSH cratal
a ae aT TTS

APU
 Common Vocabulary 23

say RIAL Cea Ca

Sa, are TT THA way
aT aay ary TA Tay,
a lb Re ee a miRsaoe Wey Weary
Mey TATA Raa arr CL
ay TTL Ta, WaT, Way,
Tear, Tey, Tey, TST Usa TL
Terry TSH =| WTA, OTT, CIP
Ia TTC TOT Woy,
qa, Te TOT a4, Gen,
TS TT, WaT Wada WRT
WaT OH TO fara Tearcay
ant sears 8=—-FL aL bs
ea
Try TT ASAT Aci, HSeH,
ae ATH | ATL ACH Ae GL
Teay ORT TL, Ae Ae
belc-ss GSES Ter qa qe.
Tre Ae Ay aH, a,
qa, Ci Gr Crt tot a4,
CA Tay, Sa wea Da
Seay SAHA aT ova fe
Oy Bley qa AS aSHAL,
ay aay TA eT ata
area Tass
24 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

fray ey | aR away ASA

Ra ATA, ROL IIL BTL
Tea ORO
WH Me |6M RTT

Ve I TR eaay

CT) STR: lilo:

The following words are used in Tamil by replacing
a at the end by &, e.g., afar — ard, ate — amet! There
are exceptions like the following :

sq — stay, BM — BA, STATA — HATATE,

Sree —aifrey,
qfesar — afta, INT — aR, Fret — Fare
The following words remain the same in Malayalam
except for the following, e.g., sTararel — Staralfa, Waa —
TATA, Wgel — Wg
In other Indian languages the following words are the
same as in Sanskrit.

SALUT STATA STAT aye STATaTET

osRE (oC Ea STAC Sea ARTEAT
SISA = SAS SOOT STAT ma
 Common Vocabulary

AT Her HoT Hea

ul thal Tel TITAT
TIRAT Fal Fatencar Ferat
eT el WSHIS! SAT
afaromr eal am Text
eal aT ATRTAT FRIST
Tel Ufeaar UfTaT TART
UST == Ug aml UrsI Us
si Uldalt UIT UlaSST
WIA TAT TAT ATT
AAT Warlel Hfewent ATaT
ATST Wal TST TRAST
Tat Brad Isa el
ReCiI Ost CIST ast
qe atal ata foe
aor aca aT TET
feraT PeTeT SEI aT
aa Hat

(A) SHRM: Gros:

The following words are used in all the major Indian
languages without fat —

aa: Tale: arate: sife: = SuRTee uta:

Bie: Hla: Hy: Tare: aould:
26 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Ustad: vara: =nafafa: afte: quota:

ATT: af: weeutd: fata: aaa:
Oa: aarata: = -af: arfa: arate:

(S) SHRM: Alos:

The following words are used in all the major Indian
languages without fat —

Taye: site: aTqate: afigts: anid

ltec: alfa: chife: tema: std:

Tate: afta: Sraate: ae als:

ats: trate: Alta: alg ard:
“fe: aH: ad: ald afer:
ap: Wc: alert: Ula: Ute:
era: farsyfc: farfera: Br: task
ata: arate: fats ate: eof

(i) SaRt: fies: send: YoRa

Words like the following are used in all the major
Indian languages as they are. But in the Southern languages
(Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam) the final 3 1s
shortened, e.g., aa4i—aam, gvat—geaht, artt—arfa seat! In
Tamil the word a¥eefrit becomes WFOSM|

STATA AS =| HT qoar eal

et at arst ART Tel
 Common Vocabulary 27

Ucal yal ETT HFyoety vat

Heal Jad Waa PIESrell areal
aait aeled Gan wal STU]:
ART Te: ae: UT: Let
ary: ara: BTA: TRTeI: ay:

(S) SARUM: (S43) YoRT:

The following words are used in all the major Indian
languages as they are. But in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and
Malayalam the final ¥ is shortened, e.g., afepni—sitrank,
STATE — STAT STITT|

STINT START ama At earn

exTalel aT = Tat TRIGA art
Ufdarel Taeast UT Ararat Aural
aril are} aaa = a faexit
farrely areal taTat

(a) fasrsonta
The following adjectives are used in all the major
Indian languages as they are. But in Tamil and
Malayalam, they are used with % at the end, e.g.,
aifgo—afhaon, safira—saifire In Telugu, they are used by
suffixing 3, e.g.,
28 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

TRAP AH TET
SHI OT Hae
STH SAHA |

wad —
ahae STSHTUT AAS aad
SA aa AT AIRS
ary THE TASS 3TAA
AYA Ta 3B aa
va sak Sala Sa
PAS RR TERK aA
Tae aa aS aS
Tea dia Ts fea
st TARR fre are
Ae ree TREK afaa
yaveg WAR Wage Yao
nc. <n
Ta ara THU am PECE
rata feat fare farires ora
APS Mad Bea US yy

a3
aa qaatad FAM
YA Ulead Aaa as
YOu Wea TIS poresy

YS, GY, Te are used in all the major Indian languages.

 VERBS

The following are the forms of verbs in the third person

singular number with their corresponding noun-forms
which are mostly used in our mother-tongues. Use these
forms of verbs with @: (he), @T (she), U3: STs: (this boy),
wa aieAt (this girl), 'Wary/ad, e.g., S: aqerta,a strate,
ws: Tem: Aad, UT afer aqattd, yar aqaria, wach
set |TA ws —
aqeanta follows ATH = act of following
CoISrerate movesaway ATAWA moving away
suERatd removes STERIL removing
sate offers aU offering
THAT attracts STAMTY ~— attraction
ATER orders STENT: order
surest advises SUR: advice
areola rejoices ATT: Joy
arq-<aatd = =makeshappy SM<4q making happy

‘In Tamil NF oS, Bengali aa

Telugu We Assamese STM
Kannada ag Maithili sq
Malayalam NF OS, Hindi SAT.
Oriya STOUT Gujarati ST
Marathi STOUT, Punjabi dav args
These are spoken forms.
30 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

antela climbs climbing

amigafa § imposes imposition
areata calls calling
saold wants wish
saat answers answer
seaqaid = raises up raising up
squleadid opens opening
sufasifa —s sits down sitting
Wasita enters entrance
Hayat speaks story
olf does work
aqaift imitates imitation
startid helps help
Heald cries crying
HMMA buys buying
famlntd sells selling
Hlsta/aald plays play
feate throws throwing
Wield eats eatable
Treated goes going
arrestd comes coming
Trrestt goes out going out
TTA counts TOT counting
mat sings TA, song
Tella takes taking
Tord walks TOT walking
 Verbs 31

thinks thought
Steals thief
produces a person
conquers victory
knows knowledge
lives living creature
burns flame
stays place
stands up standing up
Swims swimming
descends descent
distributes distribution
beats beating
gives up sacrifice
gives giving
shows seeing
holds holding
wears wearing
runs running
salutes salutation
leads leader
acts acting
brings bringing
destroys destruction
blames blame
pushes amusement
32 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

dances bsKootal dance

sees ae: vision
reads "Id lesson
makes one read Ud: reader
falls Gat. falling
causes to fall UWdh+ sin
drinks itecee drinking
pains UrsI pain
worships il worship
fills A
Rate § filling
asks UR: question
flows Wale: flow
publishes WRT publication
washes Wane tL washing
gets WIM: getting
inspires ROT inspiration
sends Your, sending
understands aT: understanding
becomes Wat house
feels ya: feeling
roams YAU, roaming
measures TT: measurement
kills ART, killing
cleans Ast cleaning
mixes Taso, mixture
begs ara begging
 Verbs ie

protects protection
composes composition
writes writing
says dispute
dwells dwelling place
is capable power
teaches teacher
hears hearing
makes one hear narrator
decorates decoration
informs information
remembers memory
forgets forgetting
reminds reminder
closes closing
keeps keeping
loves affection
touches touch
laughs laughter
makes one laugh joke
takes away taking away
presents a present
loses necklace
 A FAMILY OF WORDS

Generally all words can be traced back to a root. All words

derived from the same root are said to belong to one
family. Once we know the root, we can remember the
whole family easily. Here is an example :

az (to say) is the root and the words are :

aety face stale: blame

alc: theory Uldare: protest
ferare: dispute Hare: conversation
ayare: — translation are! plaintiff
ayalem: translator Ufdarer defendant

ROOTS

How to get the roots ?

By removing the suffixes and the prefixes from the words,
Wwe can get the roots. The following are the prefixes :

i aT WH ay aa
rq OTR oa Sl fa aT (&)
ff of aff aft ¥ 5
at oR aft zy
 Roots 35

Remove fd and the prefix, if any, from the following words

to get the roots, e.g., Aifa —fa = aT!

aTeld ora Taepta wate afer

dita wid ad fasytct Bert
cil wfaait =| Rt wa rreatet
The above words are feminine in gender becuase of
their suffix fa (feats)!
Remove a7 and the prefix, if any, e.g., HUT — AT = HAI
sat HIST eT sur Tat
Fart RT Gill aa TFeT
Trea Ware Urst Ura are
TST Ta Tal Tl Te
SII BST dal Tal Teal
The above words are feminine because of their suffix
ST (Tq) |
Replace & by g and remove the suffix 3 and the prefix,
if any, e.g.,ae — fag, da — fora, err — fegy |

sag frag TST freRt Wet

freégt FOR We Oe ea
ey fags Was qe fave
at wy fasry ae tae
The above words are masculine because of their suffix
at (ASD
36 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Replace 31 by 3 and remove the suffix 27 and the prefix,

if any, e.g., HT — HY HIT — ST |
aq ofa wT ait feral
viata = -WATE are ae Uy
wry fate fasts fermpte aay
The above words are masculine because of their suffix
FT (21)
Replace at by # and remove the suffix # and the
prefix, if any, e.g., OY — OF, Ba — SY, ASTIN — A |

ara Tar Taran SPTSTY STOTT

Tory faara Seas suera SOOT
TATA a sag aad ale
ale TATE ATT TaATet Wd
Wor Ware Trae Ware aA
aA TAM are trate aT
yare
uicare ara BRUCE Tara yard
ears foaxta Bd STITT ara
Trae aa Tan tare eld
The above words are masculine because of their
suffix 3 (A=)!
Remove 3 and the prefix, if any, e.g., HAA — HY,
WA — We, AAR — AS |
aA aI RvISET ATHAT THA
hw PA Ta Ten —r
 Roots af

quy TIGA ast GHA Ql

aed et aay TAS Uda
UIA Ursa SCS WAR aya
eqUy Ws ATSUT Sey] YAU
Aa qa TAA Hor SICA
fay TATU] BUA qud4 qed
qa qua aul aed Gees
wat Weds aed PSClera We
The above words are neuter because of their suffix
aT (eye)!
Replace 3% by #% and remove 37 and the prefix, if
any, €.g., BOT — &, AM — FY, WHT — FFI
ae AST A TTT
agit ada my 88©6eCORT
asia ada ayy. a

The above words are neuter in gender because of their

suffix SA (e¥42)I

Answers

SF, F, St, FH, TW WH Ye, 4 a Se SA

$4, HS, FA, TY, TA, Ford, Bw, TY, w, fre, La, La,
We, Be, aT, Ty, Fray, Lal, TH, UH, AY, Wh, Ha, HY, PEA
farq, farg, few, few, few, few, feo, fag, fer, fea, 1Sy,
fey, far, fire, fre, fag, fers, fara, fare, Rag |
38 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

SY, TY, HY, JY, JY, VF, Fs, TH, WS, PY TL AS, FS, He,
gs|
RK, HK, AH Fy, SY, SY, SY, We, CA, SF, OF, TY, Ty,
TY, SS, AS, AG, AM, AL, Wd, AA, FS, FE, VG, WA, AA, AL Fe,
ag, AG, FG, TH, TH, FA, FH, HY, TL WY, WY, Aa, AA, TH,
TR, FG, SF|
FSH, A, so, HA, TH, TA, WL, WH, WE, WL, FA, TIS,
TH, TA TS, SS, SW, MF, BY, We, WG, WS, WS, HI, FY,
Wal, AS, AG, AY, WA, WY, AY, AA, TAG, AG, THA, Cl, GS,
qe, AG, TS, AA, A, TS, A, WF, MF, AS, FIG, HS |
F, Y PA, FF, WY, VL, WT, 7, 7S, TH, TY, TL DL A!

GENDER

There are three genders in Sanskrit.

Masculine Feminine Neuter
US: FER:| UH Alec | Ud AAA!
Wy: Tae: | Ua Haat | Ud Ga |
WS: CAT: | Ua ATT | Ud Ga!
Uh: GSR: | WAT Acar | Uh HSA!
WH, UH, Tal — this, Ueh:, UAT, CAA — one.
Give the forms of the following adjectives according
to the gender, e.g.,
aA: (m.) SaTHT (f.) eTAH (n.)
aa: (m.) STAT (f.) STATA (n.)
 Gender 39

aI STAT STAR TS Core)

sted stata SAE STGeT STATS
sche 3d sca HUSSEY HS
HAS Ford eae] TAR ots
farruT =SAB ak qa eA
are ret gate gan R
qed ant Yd Tal 7
faa rte frataa fafeta ssPAaear
TABTER rast sXe) eT Ux Taal
ares WoT WAS ARR HR
Tata Wey TO rT THT
TI FARA ada ade fae
faeg a qs ed Rs
i BTS Ie yy Th
ade wae TA aaa aay
Wea feat Tare TAC Tara
Similarly change
oS
the ogender of the words given on
Oo

page 28, e.¢., afae: afaor afaor, afte: atte ater!

Exceptions: aya: sTayaal TAA
area: areal area,
Wad: wadl Mad
Masculine Feminine Neuter
YH: YH Wud
fede: fecdrar fgdray
40 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

qe: year Tay

age: agai aga
Usa: Taal Usa
US: WI By
aaa: Tal co
irarsces
BH: STEHT EAA
aa: Taal Fan
ara: art aay
Cf: Chal Cay
AI: AIhachT Aaa
HEHE HEA HEAT
TARIFaR: TARIFART PAST
Ot Ta Tay
qe: ue: aL
belt Ys: 4g
OF OY: oF
Utalg: YMMg: UMg
Mew]: Uewy: afew]

Stem Masculine singular Feminine singular

anfeanhirr anfeareh safari

RUCHIGE STAI START
ay art Stat
Sera erat eyranfy
 Gender A]

aay wal afar

afar qail Ufaqunr
Wears. Waal Wersataatr

ata a=at Braun

SIRT arnt SIRT
Perea. faTeuT RIteqat
fers areit aaron
PSUS tITAl aaa
PorSIE SES eae Teal
CRA, oe Steal
af, sifte, GH, HH, U4, 44, a4, A, 8, OF, Ud, FS,
WY, Wa:, Sifd:, T4:, WT — these neuter nouns have the
same nominative and accusative forms, e.g.,
se cf SoH! Hey sey aS cafe 4 Ges! aa
ay fay ? AS da AA AT Se SS AA HH! HSH Se
oy AU! $4 HY A MSA HS WS AY AAG a
Testy |$f AA: PASH! BSH Se VAS Fa: Maas
area UA se iia: feel Fad Wl Bey se fet Ada
Sita: IRaGy ses sé aq: TR faseFT seqse AIR
fare a4: seamafad 4 sea
This curd is sour. I will not eat this sour curd. What
is your name ? | want to know your name. This 1s my
work. | do this work. This honey 1s not pure. I am going
to the market to bring pure honey. This mind is restless.
42 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

I do sadhana to control this restless mind. This light is

divine and new. I want to hold this divine and new light.
This bow is heavy and huge. I cannot lift this heavy and
huge bow.

Fill in the blanks using the words in the brackets :

(Aq) wae:| =... fra _. Sferear
(3d) foram: | _. cHfaal .. aA
(Tc) wer | | Ag | | Fa
(AR) aay | . Fae _ aren
(aire) Ore | | Urq! 2... sera
(faire) Fai | | ST . Te!
(THR...) Ge... eT . FAI
(HRT)... 0 TER. BRT 8. TT
(WTS) wa! 22. aha... afer

Answers
UGE, AGH, AGT STH:, STAT, SAA! AT, A:, TAA
Fa, AAG, FET asenl, aftery, arian: |fagire:, fase,
MoT TH, TH, WH ia:, Ma, aa wis,
Was, Wesel

Masculine Gender
* Words formed by the suffix 27 (AA), e.g., Aa, AG,
oe, Ary, AY, AMT, AMT,tT
 Gender 43

Words ending in 4, e.g., Wa, SIMA, TMT |

Words ending in f¥, e.g., Safa, Gara, fats, anfer
But words ending in fg are feminine, e.g., afgs, Ufs,
fats, wats, ats
ok
Words ending in 3, e.g., AU, Bld, Ae, We, FXII

Exceptions :
a, ad, 3], TY, FZ (Feminine)|
SY, VAY, Sd, VW, as, AY, AX (Neuter)!

Feminine Gender

Words ending in 31, €.g., HU, Ae, Alaa

One may ask here — Are the words like set, foal, Hat
feminine in gender?
No. These words end in ®, not in ST (e.g., 14)! That
is why in compounds, we say Sqfedtat, eqars,
dR |Words ending in 41 do not change their form
in compounds, e.g., HAAS, ASH, Haase,
Aaa |
Words formed by the suffix fa (fa) e.g., Alfa, ite,
wafer, wf, aferd|
Words ending in fg, e.g., afs, Urs, Tats, a5hs
Words ending in %, e.g., Fel, Wat, A, Way
Words ending in $, e.g., Ye, fH, afy, feat
4a Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Exceptions :

aft, ataty, wate, site, afe, a, ate, fate, eats,

ale, Air, 84, Us, alte, arts (Masculine) |

are, AR, waite: (Neuter) |

* ange, fare, que, ufade, dae, we, oftua, afed, fag

Neuter Gender

* Words formed by the suffix 314 (42), e.g., Tad, OA,

YSU, cM, 24, WA, 4, S|

* Words ending in %, e.g., Alara, IYI, CTA, GIT |

* Words ending in 7, e.g., U4, fa, oa, Aa, aR
Exceptions: Ja, 8a, FA (Masculine)|
It is to be remembered that 314, a4, 4a, Ha, AAA, 312A,
waa are indeclinables. Hence, they have no gender.

* MY, WEA, AAT, GAA, FATT |

* Oy we am, oe, a4, WA at t,o, Se,
* FY, I, We, WS, Fd, AY, Paz!
* &;, SATA:, Fa: |

* I, ThA
 ENGLISH AND SANSKRIT

Those who know English can easily remember the

following Sanskrit words because of their closeness with
English.

(h) Gaal

you (pl.) bale 8 that ad

she BSI they a
he a (a) us SAT

(@) Veet
STSTOMTT = ART STETTMA = ATH
l g mirror image of 3 &
z 2 6 \9
3 3 7 3
4 ¥ 9 g
5 4 10 Xo
three fa sixty ue
SIX Wy seventy aad
sixth ay eighty SMA
eight ay ninety ald
46 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Ct farce

bind a smile peel

chew ag sound Ta
cut AC. Stay Sr
flower rac sweat Rag
look leh tear q
mix fay torn ray
sew faq vomit ay (ant)
serve aq weave q
sit ag wish Sy, AW

(A) ATARITRT sey:

axis 378 creator oa (halt)

barbarous aa creators =
behaviour dek cruel
boat ure daughter ¢fed aia
bond TY daughters glean:
brother Yq (ATCT) decapoda RTT
brothers UT: deity ead
brow y dental ad
centre Coie dexterity earl
 English and Sanskrit 47

character aka door

committee aatea due
cot weal end
cough hth: energy
COW TT (aM) fathers
gait Td nose
generator aa path UY, Ua
genitor sd (sia) new path Taqy
genitors afta: Rama’s
goer Tq GTM) saints
goers Welt same
grass aa Saturn

hour el serpent
hunter ey (er) sinew
hunters oaks: sister CA (S441)
ion (phys.) 3Ta4q sisters
ionic ATH son
juice “5 soup
measles a spies
medium ATeAA Star
minister Way Sweat
mortal Wet thin
mother HATq (ATA) Ife
mothers ATs trident faagt
48 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

mouse Wy tripod faqe

name a4 up suk
new 44a yoke aT
night TAT yogic atte
no a, al vedic afech

(S) ACHAT sc:

ae brahmin AIG kajal

a dhatura Tre lemon
aay dhan Tras pipal
FT dhania YOIh pulao
FAT dhrupad Sy rupee
Pl ghee Bet sari
7S our By seth
SORT hilsa WATT sugar

GRAMMAR

As we know, all our major Indian languages abound in

vocabulary directly drawn or derived from Sanskrit. It is
amazing that we find many of them prevalent also in some
foreign languages. Although a detailed study would be
more revealing, a brief account only is presented here by
way of illustration.
 Grammar 49

From the point of view of grammar, our regional

languages differ among themselves in pronouns,
indeclinables and suffixes added to nouns and verbs.

Pronouns

Sanskrit Regional Languages

a a si (Assamese)
su. (Kashmiri)
se (Oriya, Bengali)

A tumi
tum (Hindi, Urdu)
(Assamese, Bengali)
tume (Oriya), tumhi (Marathi)
jo (Punjabi, Hindi)
idu (Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam)
idi (Telugu)
that (English)
AS
aa mammu (Telugu)
me (Kashmiri)
toil (French)
kena (Bengali), kina (Punjabi)

axya
tina (Punjabi)
jena (Bengali)

'In a sentence the word 4 carries fa when it is followed by a word

beginning with 4
* Meaning “why”, Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, p. 309 .
50 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

The word 3Had, used in Gujarati, Oriya, Bengali, Hindi,

Malayalam, Kannada is derived from the word #1! The
pronoun #4is found in the compound H€gK (AEA+HR)
which is used in all the Indian languages. Similarly, 44 is
found in the word HAdTl 44, aa are used by Oriya and
Bengali poets even today.

Cases

Vocative Case, Singular Number

The vocatives of the 21-ending words like @4, ¥4 are
used in all the regional languages as they are in Sanskrit.
&, Ua, the vocatives of eR and Ha, are known to almost
all.

Nominative Case, Singular Number

Words like 1, TAM, @fsar, fra, Ara, Are, at are
used in all the regional languages as they are in Sanskrit.
The following words used in our languages are essentially
Sanskrit but without the faa, e.g.,

Regional Languages Sanskrit

WGH GO:
my, og wBle:, afg:
bali! Balke
a. ie
 Grammar 51

Accusative Case, Singular Number

Compound words like S4a4, Fass, AR are used

in almost all the regional languages. In these words
accusative case in the singular number is found, e.g., 84
wate sf wa: Fey Sale sia Aee:, AR eaafa sfa sa: |
Stem Accusative Case
qa oRansl

aR aT

Similarly, aa — eH, Wet — AEH, Ss — GSH,

aél — Fey, AY — AYA, FY — FH

The mantra 4 Arais known to all of us. It illustrates

the accusative case of the following %-ending words in
the singular number, e.g.,

Stem Accusative Case

Ald ATL
faq fray
ad WAL

Instrumental Case, Singular Number

Stem Sanskrit Regional Languages
Hur HUT Ha (Hindi, Marathi)
 a2 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

sha Wea MM=TaT (Tamil)*

qi iret faettaar (Tamil)*
aa qaqa AAT (Punjabi)
HAL chHUT AUT (Punjabi)
WT + A = WT, a + ST = Fae, HA + aT =
exon, Similarly,
a+ st = SFT, waq + st = waa,
Ad + A = AM, e+ A= OT, ay + ST = aeAT

Dative Case, Singular Number

The mantra 3 4H: fata is known to all of us. It
exemplifies the dative case of the 4-ending words in the
singular number, e.g.,

Stem Dative Case

fra Perara
TA Tara
| Suey

Ablative Case, Singular Number

The following words in the ablative case are used in
many regional languages, e.g.,

edIq (Oriya, Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Kannada)

wma (Bengali, Oriya, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada)

* These are spoken forms.

 Grammar 53

ESI Ial (Hind1)

aT (Oriya, Hindi, Marathi)
Carel (Oriya, Bengali)

Genitive Case, Singular Number

Sanskrit English
TAS Rama’s
ake door’s

Locative Case, Singular Number

Words in the locative case are used in the following
Indian languages as they are in Sanskrit —

eel, WA (Oriya, Bengali)

ae ue (Kannada, Bengali, Oriya)
WA (Kannada, Oriya, Bengal)

a+ 8 = OH, Ue + F = US, He + SF= HHA! Similarly,

af + 3 = ofa, Wad + F = Wala, H+ F = ST

Conjugations
Present Tense
@: 3ifet he is. Sf is found in the word aif which
is used in many Indian languages. At (4+3f&7) is found
in the word Atfedte which is used in all the Indian
languages.
54 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

SST (Sanskrit), est (French), ist (German), yest (Russian).

Tey thea I am. 34 is found in the word sf which

is used in many Indian languages.

ait4ofBengali, meaning I, is found in the conjugation

of verbs, ¢.g., ug+enfy—tort, ares snare, fogs sTH=
few até wrerfy I eat or I am eating.

TS WO teahy, aE wat wets — we are familiar with

these two sentences also.

cay af you are.

sf (Sanskrit), yesi (Russian), es (French).

Imperative Mood
vf A you laugh.
84 (Sanskrit). 4 (Oriya, Gujarati, Hindi, Punjabi).

SJ (Aq+q) is found in the compound are (let it

be so) which is known to most Indians. Similarly,
out g=oag, fea+q=feagq gente! a sag let him laugh. 4
let him write. 4 725 let him go.

Potential Mood

ct 4S: you should walk.

ae: (Sanskrit), 7 (Punjabi).

 Grammar 55

Indeclinables

The following indeclinables of Sanskrit are used in Oriya.

Many of them are used in other regional languages also.

ard aa aA wha Uhl

HAT: Tear Ara, Tal, Pied
Ula Wa: faeat ate aa
amt faa fasryd: 9a Uel
ada adel ae Weal = AAR:
AAA: SAL
=- tad:

The following indeclinables are used in compounds

in almost all the regional languages.

Indeclinable Compound — Indeclinable Compound

STK STA 3Te: aera

3a: Saad: sta seate
Fay, Faratrat aa aay
gq Tard, WY firep ficKAR
aa: FAEHT: TA: Gast
ke qufed We: WATS
afte: Tee al feral, STaTaT
eR BS are age
Let us have a look at a few other indeclinables.
 56 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Indeclinable Meaning Regional languages that use them

STATS inside Set (Hindi, Urdu, Sindhi,

Gujarati, Kashmiri)!
sTUataT than sma (Oriya, Bengali)
ALA of course 3st4%4 (Marathi, Bengali)
oT, yes ST ATL (Tamil)
ser now (Bengali)
Sic upwards Sat (Oriya), BSA (Punjabi)
Udy thus Wa (Punjabi)
chal when hel (Punjab1)
fery what fe (Assamese, Oriya)
feria a little (Oriya, Maratht)
Farad somewhere (Oriya, Bengali, Gujarati)
aa in the same place (Oriya)
cel then del (Punjabi)
S&T by (Oriya, Bengali, Marathi)
i no (Sindhi, Kashmiri)
ae not indeed (Punjabi, Hind1)
are: downwards are (Hindi, Urdu, Bengal1)
WA afterwards Tt (Oriya, Bengall)
qt: again (Hindi, Kannada)

' T]lustrative, not exhaustive. 271s used in other Indian languages

also. It applies to all the words that follow in this list.
 Grammar ar

qa before ya (Oriya, Bengali)

qa till qai=t (Bengali, Gujarati)
Wares everyday Ufafeq (Oriya, Bengali)
de a lot (Gujarati)
afet out 4Tet (Hindi)
alfet (Sindhi),
ATA, only (Tamil, Malayalam)
ana often akan (Gujarati, Marathi)
QA. soon (Tamil, Telugu)
aed always (Gujarati)
wate now (Bengal!)
STAT, now ard (Marathi)
ay all right Yo! (Punjabi)

Indeclinables in European Languages

sok up, upper (English)

al when kada (Russian, spoken form)
cel then tada (Russian, spoken form)
4, al no (English)
THT. night night (English), nuit (French)
nacht (German)
tq oneself soi-méme (French)
a: yesterday hier (French)

| ST, VAAN UNIGKN, GEA TM VATS H APAPY, 2BR0, J. A

58 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Even the grammatical part discussed above shows the

universal nature of Sanskrit. This cannot be found in our
regional languages. A simple experiment will show where
our regional languages stand. If we try to find a single
word in any of the regional languages which Is peculiar
to it and at the same time intelligible to people of other
languages, we shall find it impossible, except when the
word is derived from or has its origin in Sanskrit. Hence
Sanskrit is the only language which can become the
common link language of India.

Sanskrit has been artificially made difficult. It 1s

difficult because of the wrong method of teaching. How
can we say that Sanskrit, which for centuries was a living
spoken language, is difficult and our languages are simpler
when we see them differ from district to district?
A language becomes difficult when it is not spoken.
But now-a-days we see that people learn to speak Sanskrit
after attending 10-days’ Spoken Sanskrit Course. The
villagers of Muttur in Shimoga district of Karnataka speak
Sanskrit in their daily life. In the Kindergarten of Sr
Aurobindo International Centre of Education, Pondicherry,
Sanskrit is taught to 3-year-old children by the direct
method. This being so, how can we say that Sanskrit 1s a
difficult language and cannot be used for day-to-day
communication?
 INDECLINABLES

The indeclinables do not change their forms. They differ

from language to language. A few among the following
indeclinables are used in some regional languages.
AA

Tey aa Hr Has! Sa AMTeS| Sta STAT

I work here. Come here. Sit here.

Sl
pa a: 2 a: Ha Hr Hola ? Ha ae: Ma: 2 AAT
? war pa TSM Hallet ? Aa HPA TST ?
pa froafa
Where is he? Where does he work? Where is your
residence? Where do you reside? Where do you take
your meals? Where are you going?
aA da
aa ya: oa ates! | aa et: TA ATA a: A
GGA! Fa 3: Ga FSM:GA AAA TA GGA! AA al
at Orn aa WR sift aa WHE Teoh! Fa AMA
FOT:, TA THE we, Ta Va faa: |
AFA
foreg sta
a: aq ae ay tera oe &: at raat
ar maf |
He is not here. You see elsewhere. He resides here but
takes his meals elsewhere.

| Where there 1s smoke, there is fire.

60 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

waa everywhere
ANG :/ATH: / Ta aA SAP |
a aa a ada add WHA |
UnAaA Tq tad Hae FA AKT F//
TATE (MMA) Aa, da, Aaa Ade (SAPD) |S: Wehr ARG,
Sa at afer ae a HA AT Ba G: AST ?
Wa (for emphasis or exclusiveness)
Taq Wa atehyvarare | ara, Wa ST Ta
wHdatsde gel CE ws afer ga! Gea wad
WIT! Feary wa sad (ait) A STA(FT STATA
reat) @ wa arta seary wa Tate
J and
Gea Vota Was vasa Maa
TH: Va: Wifes
wea vata
a today
FI H: a 2 Sel WAAR! A: AFOAG |Wa: FAA |
@ Waar: ari) wa: wire: sree) We: AA
Way aie se cd fen cfaqy sasha 2?a: ca fer
phate 2
ate also
HOTA: eq aft ora a Gao! sey A Faw: | TT
TF FStl UT aft 4 agi a: vata! cea wre ale Vota
U Mehet Safa ae ara aft Peet STATES
 Indeclinables 61

(USA) sift
cat eaee:!' 2 aft ad Hwreq ? sft a: sreq
frareaeg
ora: ? Hh at aa APT ?
fea why
a fad 4 aefa ? a fad We a seureaia ? a fad
AM anata ? cd feast tend vole ? sar fray sist
aafa ? ct fae aa teeta ?
aa Tar
aa frat ae Ga | aa aiet Aare Get eee: TaN
Ofte:| sea ys aM WA VM Fa: Ta WEA! aeola
(aq sasha) Gat Pel aM Aa AA ay aa way ai
aa ye: perafa car rea: ata ser ata: wear Ata: |
el del
aera aefa dal até 4 See Gear ae aay el a 7
qe) Fel aaatHre: Tala cel Allo: Hott
mel (Hi GHA) when
ca Wea: (WAI) Hel SkaBla ? TA Wea: Hel SAA Wess ?
a: (HAL FRAN) why
Ha: TH ? Hea: FR]: ? He: GS: AH: ? Ha: US: cg
wt pa: Water frost sree 7

' (Hindi)
en Gy wes St ? aft — eT
* Like father, like son.
62 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

may how

as HA ae ? aad deta Hay ah ? He

ARI cafe faare: Heer: ? Ha a arafa — aa gis:
SR A a ? HAY Ud Hay (HINA) ?

HaSy only
Be HAS Uehd Wealsl a hae aft wsatd! UW:
wad hae are frat, sem feat 4 uefa! ae 4
hae Bors,
Gray sah
sia (completing the quotation)
Ged TSA Fa St Sarat Haat! | ed VSAAA
sta fren aefal Get ae, a ae sfa sirard: sofexita

Bah
Std VAAISeas: (WAR: BeATa: Ware: sfa 3te:)|
Slat Gal: (Aral: Gare: sf set:)|
Sit ARISE: |Stat TAR WAR: HT |
sft 4: thus says Manu (Uae Fa: Herafa) |
Shea AeA: (Wael aa: HeTALA)|
a uftsa: sft yea, Huo: eft fares (CG: US: Ad:
Usa; G: HUT:, sta: PAT) |

| (Hindi) Gepa WEA St, Var Aras Get V1 sf — Var |

 Indeclinables 63

sa: from this place

sa: ffs gt foerea: fet ga: Ta Her peas
akRetd ? sd: Tar pa Teas ? sa: ys (before this)
WA Ha STA ? Fa: WR FAM] Ha Taeaher 2 Fa: TTY
(please go this way). TAH Sc: Wes, F: da: STS |

sq like
a: peru sq caftfa, THe sa Gela, selena sa
as pata, Hut sa ot Haft et: ae sa (ada are
ita | ws: Ae sa (Had) AS! a HlfHe sa maha
val:
(aR) strep: sal: aifea, yf: Aha) waa: Tel: sgaa
(SANT) Sal: WAT ASF Bl A VER! | Sea: A SAI Sa:
A ql Sal: SSM A He! UMass: He: Fear: wsifa
aq or
oh: Sat — até aT a aT? &: ST — Hey aya way?
om: Uy: — Fa uy al? H SY: — a: Ayal Uw: ?

Gear all of a sudden

wae fears! Gear faut 4 Hel

f€ indeed
wat fe Frais: | Ast fe Te A MATa! seTaaTa: 7
fe feeaty stare a fe gare eer vasa Fe AT: |
64 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Gat f= because
sé depd ae adt fe Fa Area Ged Aelia! A A
ferafa at fe ce: Saat Ae
sta: hence
AA Weal Weep aefa! sta: steahy aan |
mA somehow
Haat wa fra: weer: | Haas War Wea Pyraro a
wary although
watt ao eis: auf a gat sat a uve: aan a
dep 4 aefal gaft ae areas (4 ves) aay ve WA
STRUT! Fay ae Ae Gals aay eye: 4 any |
aie ...afé if... then
afe aq afta ale aa Hel ae a 4 Ha ae WRaw
A pel ate faut fafa: afe serratste fafa: ward
We:, AT
We: Ga: Seaha, AAA Set Teo |

MAL MTT
WAS Tad Bey afta HI cad afer S: Aaa safa
TMA A VATA ct Aa SOT AA TSM | Aa, AAT:
Ta ARM: | Maa WMA Wet aad fed A Ay
ater SaaGes Aa AAA Ha: |
 Indeclinables 65

axyq better, rather

WT BOT a A T USM! AL Hea Hula: Va: AAT!
at Aq: FT OA STAM: RST, ATA a
fast without
aot faa ti 4 oad Saas fat A Sead Ble
fiat war A OA! WS feat Hee: J safe STA
faa até eS 4 wea afs fast ac eetq faa fat
Stas gar) der feat as fer wetata?
Ufa to, towards
aH ufa cat pe at wld Aea/aeat Fa
de if, in case
ufed 4 suote aq, We Tes (ale a Ufog 4 geste ale
Te Wes |) Usha Saas Ud SAA aa SIRTA TS |
STATA SAT Seale Aq SIA A TAT STA fees | TT
sare Ad, Tes! Ufsdygata Wd, Ul

Fry (APA)
qe fass, feufa 4 ae

7 (faa, Aayvay) certainly, surely

qa a ae) Gera: Ss AA Wea até FR aa TT
aa Ae Seq AS TA SCA of: FR car eer
66 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

at aq (sta) else, otherwise

efe A yet, AT aq fas Freer)4a srat ures,
at aq avs wea faa, soe a ATS (SIT A
faq) aed ae, aT Iq TS erenfa
TT (Gur) long ago
WU GRA:
AM Ws SS! GT Peat SHAT Sa |
aT (free)
Seat A Hel sacs A Ae A Pe WAAL
THeat lie
aé freq 4 cera) ay aft fret 4 acl Ga ae
WITT sft WET: AHAAC|
a (HA)
a Totes: ga Garay: | Fa Wha: Fa WATT: | Fa

ae aeq aa Gao de: sa areafasar Ata: |

Ges indeed
YEG Waar! Aydt US Tersty| Fa: GS Wa!
TS US HE arel (SH) TAHA 2 AA GS AMARA,
Us fed Pareafa wasws TATA
Fad,7A
we | arenas (asf) wary sreafa HRP
PS (cAfarath)
aod cars wase fee: oat FI
oH A pds cHfyenss erate cer a wera
 Indeclinables 67

q
a g ufvscad safe Uae FfHa A Ha
AA

(QUE!) AY VIASAT: |ST AAMT SAS |

(sTAaatH_ afterwards) AY WIGS AR: SMTA |
(afe) Aw ud 4 ale, evs weeata
ated now-a-days
STI FSS: VAT: STAY APRS! Heed SAT SAGA.
sifeany, Stfet! steed SAT: Ged afagy, sear
37eH enough, no more
sey Sfafaearter (watery, sftenfaeik AT HE)! AGA
AT He) | HS SSA
siaetreran (vatay, afipearent
SST SSA | IS VST AS SPA AISA PICS
sTfastet
tt/S eR t/a |
ue
Safa ae fade: 4 Ader! Hay Ge Hos: A HAA |
frat yao aS sayy tRata! Ge: Frosafrean we sep
seu | UA: UA GS FSH AHA
qa: again

Ga: AA ATES | YA: Ua A PEI WIT FAM, FACT |

| a7qy is used for an auspicious beginning.
68 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

za: slowly, little by little

Wa: TS |Wa: TS: WA: ra WA: VAS EPA
Wad (WIAA)
a, SANA SPS | A, ST ATT (APT) |
ART
aa ae ve fea Gad Aa Gepdat: vfaeatea
SHANI Ses VARI (MAAR Aa) AA Pepa:
wfaeatd! There will be a Sanskrit class here from
Monday till Saturday. @: AVA Ay sa We: APTS

RF
WS To) WT HAF WF Mas! WA ATS
AAa:, SoTa:, WXa:, YS:
Ay sla) da WAa:/efera:/ Gta: GH: SAKA ?

oF ot Ver (afar, HAA) anyhow

oF a VER Se Hl SesaHyANaA| Aq GA
Teen WE: Fest Fac
VISM (AAA, SATA) easily
He GOA Ud Hd Weal | can do this easily.
Wa:, Wart generally
faa: Wa: aoe: | Wa: Ufaast a: stat areata!
ol Wa ASN WAT fe APA aig: HAART |
 Indeclinables 69

ata wafa, stemeeat from today

ara wate S a Sao srmftreafa | sta wala sear ole: |
atl UTA SS TAA Uh YerHy sree
atdia, RT very much
a: sta gaa: St ye Hat!Wa: sacle Waa:
fe JA: not to speak of
Tatsta 4 T<ear:, feos YA: fasr
pay, pafad, Fafa somewhere
até cat Hay Tear! ste wat Hay EKadih|
I have seen you somewhere.

sifaxq_ soon
sifat da Area dort afaeafa) shat a artes WIT |
ate @ AA: fats area SRR ca or: STAT |
qt: in front
STAT Uta: (AA) fares: het Sth fa SAA
Ute: APSey, SRT | STRATE SRT YA TSA ATA: eT:
Tsar: sft AR -aeae: Ue fea Aa-cekRe fawata
Wee: | a a agate ce SA WA: AT fe GIA a: (AAA) |
suft above, 3Te: below
Sore SATEHTAT:, Ste: APA) TAA STA: (ATR) ASAT:
ord sty: agate fa are ufad da fe ya ?
70 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

3ceay,
Tay thus
SA A Hel WAAET! Us A Ade!
G sca Geld

UAM:, Whe: one by one

UhhM: WT! UHM: WIA Whe: ATS |

Tat Wa: again and again

Wa Fase aT yarsfaerary |

ST, Say, ata, aera now, now-a-days

ST te Ader ? set Paley aeqha Here |

fae: (ERA)
Ratan: faa: seca fia: Hoe: A He |
od (373f) for, for the sake of

Te he até we oft feeeg aa Ha |: feats a Hafa

He TI He Vad Hal a: eet He safe

fey what use

Pratrert
fry awery ?
What is the use of giving oil in a lamp which has gone
out ?
 LET US SPEAK SANSKRIT

Make sentences using the following, e.g.,

ca Ug! | at UAT US A WA «Ys US A WA,
AYES AUS! St AST Va Vs Sa TTT, afte US
ct ASIANA sed US|
cq Ue you read.
WATCH, ASTRAY, Wa, WSH, ABSA, 4, altHy,
fesfaid, TAcTH, 31a, A: tomorrow.

ca Wie you eat.

HOH, Slay, TASH, 4, SAYA, WAL!
ca HE you do.
faargy, MH, UGH, A, Wags, Week, AA, Way, GAGA,
UCeH, UNA, aMIdH, Ca, HAH, AA, SAH,
SATIRY, Saray, Hay!
ca efe you give.
Pray, LTH, TAA, STA, SA, OH, STH, WAAL
ca UZ you see.
SA, Ta, GA, ATAIRTY, GH, AleHH, AT to me.

' This sentence is in the imperative mood.

a2 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

cd aq you be.
SIUM, SAHA, GA, GRA, Sls, SisMioay, are,
ani, @3et:, VIRT:, AMAT:, AAAT:, Tel, Helly FI
cd aq you speak.
Te, See, AA, Sy, 7
cd Ma you run.
a, AS AS
cay AMT you come.
SA, Sc:, Tet:, AAA, AH, ASIA, A AGH, STU,
F:, Was, A, ATA, WA, Wd (WTa:), GATT (AAA),
Fee, ame, WHat, Waa 4, AFoan, WHaren,
e/a TS/SaTe |
Chae TA, THATS Yas A, STANT TH,
ATA,TsA, AeA
Ta WY, FEAST, WA,
Araqyia/weteta: WH, afer ae areal 4,
SPT Aa /ATS/ a |

What is the time ?

YT ch:WHA: ?AYA
HI AeT? Ayal Hlaaresy ?
Uh-fg-f AGL -9S AF-S FF -SYUE T-GIC-SI |
We: Seay, 7A.M. la Bataeqy 7 PM.
Ae Tae, 7.30 Ooe-atrayr ey 7.15
 Greetings ao

Orel aera 6.45 vUaifien-acrareay 7.05

Waa ara ey, 6.55 aaifan-aararety, 7.10
SA-SU aT 6.50 farcafi-aaareazq 7.20
fain aera ea 6.40 Ualasreafin-acrareay 7.25
qafarieqay-aararesy 6.35) RATATAT eeTaTEATL 10.00
aepa aq Speak in Sanskrit:
$.05., 7.10, 9.15, 10.26, 12.25, 11,30, 6.35, 9.40,
9.45, 4.45, 3.50, 2.55, 1 A.M., 2 P.M.

GREETINGS

GTA SAA! FAIA! GAA: |

FART: | THE | Sate
tard a/<arid Aad! Card Wae:/FARTM: |

aT PGA ?
Are you all right?

SA, Ta HG!
Yes, everything is all right.

ol atdi/m: BAAR: /fe Fay?

What is the news’?

SIFqH-AATIR: GH: ?
What is the latest news?
74 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

fee A:, Haars ?

Hello, how are you?

ard, Far HUA ? ala, Wadd HAAR ?

How are you Sir? How are you Madam’?

TaAAA:/AACH: ATT HAART ?

How is your brother?

ya SAA |
Happy birthday.

FEM: TTATET: |
Thanks a lot.

aya, cree feat fasreay aT

See, I have brought something special for you.

WaT ?
Is it so/Really?

aA
Yes.

Wer aa Wale/Aer Aa AqWE: |

This is a great favour.

tated ASeT |STATA |

May everything be well with you. I am going.

SRI,
Ta Ta HAGA
I hope, you are doing well.
 Greetings 75

yt Aaqas7 |
Happy New Year.

PIT ASA Veld/ACHld| ARIA!

Please take your seat.

STPASRA/SUPARA APTA |
How nice of you to have come!

fatale ARTA
Congratulations on your victory.

Waa ATH Sah AST: |

Best wishes for your success in the examination.

safer stat GaAs yaar YF FAT

Wish you a happy married life.

Wd sla We: SYAM:/ASAT |

Live a hundred years and prosper.

ama caRs Yar

Wish you a speedy recovery.

UAT Sa: | GAT STAT | HATS!

A son is born. A daughter 1s born. All well.

Usa Wass Ureat) Sao SAT |

Rajeev secured first class. Rukmini passed.

faa: faate: Ua-Weay | MT, STS / SP ATTA

Kavita’s marriage 1s on the first of Chaitra. Come soon.
76 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

depd-Rrera-Rrfeat FA -Taes Ue: ASaTe Yala

Hen
faS<-AAal-HIAN Sa |APTA |
Sanskrit Teachers’ Camp on June 15, at 8 A.M. in Sri
Aurobindo Society Office, Pondicherry. Do come.

rare War: | aat d Gael Fare!

Wish you a pleasant journey.

Tres ah, apirefafsced wera setasa |

Go dear, may your wish be fulfilled.

aq Tet frdtea:/ardrsat |
Be always the master of your senses.

Wa sa, we ga, Exar Sa, UR ga ftog J ae!

May your fame be everlasting like the Sun, the Moon, the
Himalayas, the Ocean.

Fat site|
May you live long.

WS dl asd a1
May the good be with you. May it be auspicious for you.

TSA Seas
| HaHa shaq (m.)
Tay) srppSraT |HAHA (f.)
I am blessed. I am favoured. I am fulfilled.
 DO’S

Ud AYATHe |
Do this now.

UAL TA HEI UAL A HEI

Do it there. Do it here.

AAT SIR H/F SUHS |

Do good to everyone.

aja Tass |aa fats |

Wait here. Wait there.

eTuy Tass|
Wait a moment.

Fett Tass|
Keep quiet.

Seals©
Quiet !

qa a |
Shut up !

sty fas He |
Take rest here.

Gal Ya GRaAT
War|
Be happy.
78 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

eet aR |
Have patience/take courage.

awl HAT |
Tell me the time.

HAR FT|
Tie up the dog.

HM GA VATA |
Comb your hair properly.

Ch Paar |
Have a haircut.

Wa trad
ae He
Make a cup of tea for me.

Wea: FAUT He |
Take a walk in the morning.

ay oe featerehett fenfard att ef |

Put a little more sugar in my tea.

Oy gach WaT |
Keep an eye on my cycle.

STAT TS |
Go to the market.

Wy A |
Bring vegetables.
 Do’s 19

FSA SA |
Bring the food.

DAA He |
Have some tea.

3¢ UGH |
Lock it.

Tak
FE |
Speak loudly.

Wg a |
Speak slowly.

Yg aq!
Speak softly.

Aa aaa ATS |
Come in time.

dat Art e3TF |

Show him/her the way.

GaN Fa |
Pack up the luggage.

LAIST MAA/AS |
Wash the dish.

Sd: ATT
eS |
Come this way.
80 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

SH Udy ANTS |
Come this side.

ARTE TS |
Go to the other side.

SAT ATT S/ AA ATES |

Come in.

Ue Wesel Fass Wes |

Move to one side.

ay oftada|
Change your dress.

TI SUT |
Sit properly.

STAT
ET|
Turn around.

aad: Fes|
Keep to the left.

ONG He |
Take a shower.

Se Yat Yes LUTTE |

Put this book on the table.

Ud Gees
FATT |
Put it in the bookshelf.
 Do’s 81

Get areal FATT |

Put the book in the cupboard.
= — ,

Put the toy back in its place.

fasted FST |
Pick up your bag.

Wa TAS Of
Give this to him/her.

a ufasa strasuel aa |
Get into the car and tie the seat-belt.

esr Scars |
Pick up the bundle.

OA Laas |
Put it in the car.

STO STA |
Bring another.

Prsdtach FA ye We |
Send your servant to my house.

Wea SAH Yet WH |

Send me an excellent book.

df Stas/a SLHTNUT ae |
Telephone him.
82 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

EN Wes aeaerred |
Knock at the door.

Set fede AM
Bring its duplicate.

HI Aa Us|
Read silently please.

fed ATAVSCH HUTT |

Please move a little.

or Ata |
Brush your teeth.

MSR GSNlHe |
Arrange your school bag.

ENA SeaTeA VT UITA/eTs |

Open the door and close it quickly.

SOTA ARE |
Put on your warm clothing.

BRA Sees |
Open the door.

BR War|
Close the door.

We Gs/ST Fa |
Get ready quickly.
 Do’s 83

SEA BTSs |
Wash your hands.

AY ee UI
Hold my hand.

Walesa | WS:/VaT SPS say

Wait. I am just coming.

We Adta/ATaqek |
Behave yourself.

TSI URSTS BT
Listen to his joke.

We Gat
Shut your mouth/Shut up.

Psi He/LaAa Faas aH HE |

Mind your own business.

HUA SUAM/ AAA HIATT|

Sit down please.

ASt
S|
Get out/Go out.

AT MA SMTA GaS/AT VIF SATV |

Ring me up soon.

VN LaACAT/LaEMTT
Wa |
Get well soon.
84 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

HUT Al ASI
Please leave me.

fay seared
sid HAA
Tell me what you want.

HITT AA CAP LT
Please keep my place.

matte Waar Safar |

Drop/draw the curtain.

ast Wea/eaary |
Switch off the fan.

Ret WIS |
Switch on the T.V.

att Pata SST, SUT |

Switch off the light.

TAT VASAT SETA |

Turn off the heater.

Hitt Waters |
Give back the cassette.

THATYs as Ae |
Lock the cupboard before going.

SFIS | GAA Sa |
Get up. It is time.
 Don’ts 85

HIT
A Sante Aa
Please take me doubles.

HI WTSHS
AT STR
Please wake me up when you go.

VNAH, CAR |
Quick, hurry up.

Hua 4A feah-pary
Aa |
Please pass my cycle key.

Pa UASd
We AMAA
Please bring me a glass of water.

TARA | BTS CAT Weta |

Hurry up. | am waiting for you.

DON’TS

A dal
Don’t talk.

Tareah
AT ae |
Don’t talk rubbish/uselessly.

Sat
AT AC |
Don’t talk loudly.

HedHI aq!
Don’t talk like a fool.
86 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Al Arq
Don’t cry.

HAIGIES Al Hel
Don’t make noise.

WAAL AlHS |
Don’t do this/that.

HIG Al Hel
Don’t be angry.

at AT Alaa
Don’t enrage me.

WA Al Hel
Don’t fear.

ATT CATIR AT Pe |
Don’t poke your nose.

Sea AT He
Don’t interfere.

STEM AT S/S AT SAA |

Don’t show off.

STS Al HR/AT SUS |

Don’t mock.

Call Al Hel
Don’t feel shy.
 Don’ts 87

ASA Al HS/GHs AT ART

Don’t waste time.

Cae AT ATT |
Don’t spoil your health.

UdAa HI He |
Don’t do all this.

SHIA AT HS/AT HN |
Don’t scream.

UIcHR Al He |
Don’t shout.

SV Al a |
Don’t be nervous.

Al Aad
/S OF |
Don’t cheat .

Sd HI Hel
Don’t be obstinate.

ae Al Hel
Don’t flatter.

Pasa Al He |
Don’t worry.

FSVST AT Ta
Don’t be silly.
88 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

TTS HI He |
Don’t be naughty.

Al AT ata/seasra |
Don’t irritate me.

TA Al Hel
Don’t mind.

UT faterayar areres|
Don’t disturb.

FT ed
Don’t laugh.

ord
Al xia |
Don’t show your teeth.

US Al HSA ASS |
Don’t doubt.

AT Sued |
Don’t tease.

WS Al AT
Don’t waste water.

SAMAT Fea |
Don’t fool people.

PIPATA AT |
Don’t bark like a dog.
 Don’ts 89

Uded
Fa AT fora
Don’t write all this.

a a frecayat Fara Ar aga |

Don’t stare at me.

aa Al AT UVa
Don’t look at me like that.

aMemlad
Aa |
Don’t act like a girl.

Ged Ue AT tav/afe/earaa|
Don’t put your leg on the table.

safe A aresa/sueh
AT Aes |
Don’t rock your chair.

TATA UAV TET AT Tet

Don’t hatch over the problem.

SeH SSA AT TSM Paae |

Don’t take it otherwise.

A SAT AT e/a |
Don’t misunderstand me.

aA ARAL AT Tes |
Don’t go there again and again.

HI Al YS, ee I
Don’t leave me, hold tight.
90 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

sq Fe AT fe
Don’t drink this water.

Wears A Wass
Don’t let the cool air come in.

Radlet say see aT Aaa |

Don’t take this medicine on an empty stomach.

Taras AT Heat aortas |

Don’t delay.

cat AT Tere |
Don’t trouble him/her.

MISCELLANEOUS
Toh ST ? suray |
What happened? Bad luck !
a ferafy OSA |
Nothing. Shameful.

AOA! MIaaTAy!
Enough. Careful !
ALAA | SAA: HT |
Of course. Excellent idea.
foe ASAT ? Cea: |
What more? Good idea.
 Miscellaneous 91

SIVA | HATA
Wondertu ! Understood?

faraqaq | STI THIS: ?

Strange ! What does it mean?

STA | TTA |
Excellent. Please excuse.

Ty | Gaeta |
Good. Good-bye.

STATA GT | fous faay ?

Very good. What is strange here?

TY Ady! ol ella: ?
Well done. What is the harm?

Gea SaqHVaTY HATA! sPat-earara |

Well said. See you soon.

Tareas Te | eo TT |
Lovely day. O God!

VaETA-CVTATE | AI: /ATAL |

See you tomorrow. Poor thing.

Gea: /Girat | TSA

| TUTE |
Sweet dreams/sound sleep. Fatty ! Get out.

leh ARIHH-faa: | ARVAST Aa

What a deadly idea ! Get lost.
92 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

qOyh/Terch Hua | Taereg|

Just a minute, please ! Go to hell.

Heh TAM: | We, as, fratle |

What a terrible noise ! Fool, idiot, stupid !

ARTA: & | ARIATGT |

He is murderous. She 1s murderous.

aed: Aeaay Ud a: WVS/GISWE |

It is really great. He 1s a bully.

Tay? arate |
Isn't 1t ? It depends.

FAT | arta aR A
Fantastic ! Terribly boring.

Fe GatTT UdGa Ta Aa :/ TACIT: |

It is not so. [It is all yours.

F aranyras
aay ? He S|
No mention. Stop laughing.

OSL WATT | SA APTA:/AP TAT |

Gone out. Not yet come.

da Aeetd| aa afaeare|
That won’t do. That won’t be.
 Miscellaneous 93

4: @: (Hindi ST 4) m.
a: Saft:
SF Wa Ws! a: St: FT Ue Aaa: | a: Wa:
Wa Galet:| a: Hee: GT ua frase:!| 4: HO: Twa
CWT: /SATS: /AIS: /AYA AAG | Twa Ufosa: a
Me AS AT Asid F we ufssa: a: MHS (Gage)
Hest Taam Hite! a: StS eile GS: wa OA
a SHS Silt @: MTom Hifal FT Ua ay: a:
faufevase
aera oral
al
tT f.
al at AT Va SAY! ST AST A Va Seal! A da APT
a Set SAT! A aS APA A FA Ages VA

4 dc in.

od aq sore aq Se 3 geo &: ae aeia ad a foe

ot aq vale aq Wh SRI aT a Se I eal I rehe
afer dea aaeet A ad Fahad! Gq se (SAL
TSR HeTATeS) set Te Seta AT AdFS
act gata (para) AIreT|
(sR Feta) A afer
Alster (Hind Ale) m.

HIST SA YALA Sat AT Waid ? aa Hse alka ?

a fe, ata arsfe area Fat athe aren area safe ISTS
ea: TSI WS Trad! fee garg aisha cer ara Tat ?
4PTY — amongst you.
94 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

alfa (Hindi Ig) f.

ata cafe eat a fear eearfal aia at safe ? ay alt
farsa arfeat) Fa ae ART Arte

fart (Hindi HS) n.

a: fate a oaifa | ster ste fenatt fags Haragqy set |

TENSES AND MOODS

Make sentences:
lareyy aifey I am. seq area | was. até sfaearfy I shall be.
aA, sem, Pare, S, Sal, shal, Tal, Ghast, or,
ora, fereren:, ferferenr, TeaeH:, TNfsSAT
HL SF You are. TY Set: You were. 4 fae You will be.

HA, seq, Pome, St, Seal, staal, Tal, Gaal, ors:,

oral, Pratn:, Referer, wWeach:, wfPreAT|
RAVE: WSR/ MSH
Tay Aa Alea Aa Aaa |
aa, sea, frre, BR, sal, efast, gel, qRast, ora:,
Brat, rate:, Prete, WacH:, wT |

' The declensions of a4¢ (first person) and stg (second person)
are identical throughout for all genders, e.g., 3é @lom:, FE
aioe, sé faq! ea ale:, cA afer, dtfaa
 Tenses and Moods 25

até FeaifH I speak. 3té afaqy sf I want to speak.

sey saeyH I spoke. 3 afeenfd I will speak.
TSH, SASH, A, Hay, Halt, Pepa, WSA, ATS,
We, faared, aly, Halfad, adel, sf |

a:/al sTatta he/she knows.

aa ad gastd he/she wants to know. a:/a1 weta
he/she will know. @:/@1 3st he/she knew.

4, feeuty, oe, Stay, AcgH, AYA, Way, Aa, Ua

wa:/waT Gat |
Us:/UNT ZS sxstd wants to see, Zeafa will see, suVaq
saw. Cfard:, ATAc:, Uta, FSSc:, HAA, se, TALI

Far/ Aad West |

Pay, Hal, Hy GAs, Hfaarer,way, F< AA
Tar/Vadl WI seota, Wwe, ses!
Ws: aie: tefa this boy eats.

Trae, fray, ay, AGay, WHA, TEAL! UT:

Wem: Eileqy suatd, alexa, sare
wat atte sata this girl laughs.
sah, WAR, Tos, peed, fron, wesa
cd vata you read.
fRqay, AY, PSH, ASH, fe a ufsay sate ?
96 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

arrory — H ca 7
safeaf amtaq xaufaqy amfaca! =after
aut sar pug71 ala ala
are seraq wea aka aha
Toes 86sa TUT Tac = TTT
Pree aHe_ =wlhady are =| Aad

Change the following into the above forms, e.g.,

ao — Gleula, aded, Gog, aoc, aie!

are — aera,
aaa, aed, AA,
arred | wade —

HIS le Te fasda ana

WA wa TIS asa qusd
ea aa aa AIT fare
LT} Uda Ud Uda usa
Por Te aoa aaa a4
Aa ana Asta faa ara
Tal Taq feet TIA Wag
qaqa Farag ea eld Ra

| sfacat having offered. (Hindi stu arch)

2 aifta has been offered.
 Tenses and Moods 97

MACTTI AAT: ieee raat cc

AWW
AIT
STaINT
hd
AIPA
STA
ad
fake wend fan faa faa
ed
sued
ad
add
aot
Sacer
fader
Say
werareata Wea wha ya Uke
~meata aed |=aL FAT ala

year TTS WH yer qe

'qis used in place of cat when the root has a prefix, e.g., J-Gual,
FAQ -ATIS | PHAM, SA-H-BAFGHeI| FAM, BI-S-SV TT |
2 a1 of the past tense is placed before the verb, not before the
prefix, ¢.2., 34+ Sat = saat! A+ SAA = STI |
Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Waet = aGCTT

ahaa

~)

Hilayy
 Tenses and Moods 99

sTerata Tea, Heldy =—-Aga AST

tare statsSsq 2sPTL. Reacat Raa
scare Sefatsd = SCANT Seas stead
Tmt STA IKSEsE WaT Tet
Urata stad Uda Ula We
areata seer, ag oral ad
weata asd AIL, cad BIG)
weeata Weare Wey, Wey Wt
aaa at | TL oa a
aceatd cStorsal aed, STYCAT sty
afereata ser = ahd afacat Aa
seat SUVA. ital ERI ee
meat STEART, ware wel wre
onRfereatc soraq aaa RT
100 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

SAMIPL AaRAry salty AARTAAY

area APPS TTA, Tey
sufasaary, Ss STTaRTITA Sea Shaan
STA, Coll Toa Tea
BAA Haat aay, gona
aera Tey Tavera Tatar
Garay ely Waar frents
CoG ICKGIRES ara BICKeith Tay
suaady = ATTA soe TERT
foraary ofa Sa aera
seer, Sea STAC aan
axa arate eea aan
Tas Telly Towra, Toray
PICU TIES Treat OSTA oman
roo raices wily
TAIT = STAT fFraraay, itstiéiPTITTG

| This is used in the passive voice. Hence the subject 1s aa,

FI, Tacs etc. and not way, war, Fad? etc. In the active voice
with the subject War, Fadl, F:, A, Ua: aeH:, UIT afoat the
verbs are as follows —

falqag, Wag saad, aga, fatsd, AAA” Walead, Jas APA |

 Tenses and Moods 101

MAA SIHIES| SOTA TTS

CITT, BSOUES ESIIEE] Taha forsarty
Gaeta. Geass yanreqar, Wareanar
PCO GIEE yee arr erty
Translate into Sanskrit :
1. | will tell you later. 2. He will go to Bhubaneswar
next month. 3. I will not go to school next Monday.
4. She will not go for picnic this year. 5. He will be a
doctor soon. 6. I will build a house in this town next year.
7. He will go to the cinema in the evening. 8. Her son
will get admission in the Ashram school next year. 9. You
will be cured by the Mother's Grace. 10. Will you go
home? 11. I will meet you later. 12. He will get the first
prize again this year. 13. She will continue her studies
even after her marriage. 14. I will go to Germany for
higher studies.

SA — 8. ote caiCET! SIT oA

nferta |3. areq saeTif a-a
frees FCT gan &. aT
afar af faster a mfteafal 4.a: shat Patencas:
afasafa! &. ateq, siemfead af am ye Pare
qefratet aftenfas ©. a: aa dofaa se WaT
¢. armfy-ay ae: UA: sTSAaaSa VAM WA &. a
AGHA CART: ART: (SATA) ATTA! Ro. ata
yé ufperfa 2 22. cat we gaa) ae a: OF:
ek. ae
Gaq-qret wreeafal 23. faarer, Weary ST Hea,
aaa |OS. HEY TAIL MATTS TTA |
102 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Translate into Sanskrit :

1. I saw this boy in the Ashram at 7.15 P.M. 2. In

which place did he find this? 3. A tiger from this forest
entered that village last night. 4. He gave a book to my
friend. 5. From where did this boy bring this fruit? 6. In
this way he got money. 7. I went to the garden to bring
flowers. 8. I was in this Ashram last year. 9. When did
She take her breakfast? 10. Today morning I saw an
accident near my house. 11. Yesterday was her birthday.
12. He got his Ph.D. Degree last year. 13. I saw a photo
exhibition yesterday. 14. She told me to do this work.
15. He was an engineer. 16. Yesterday he did not come
in time. 17. There was no rain last Friday.

SU] — 8. ATF AUG SSH SA ASH SAA

AAA! 2. HBL La GA SS UT? 3. TARA STRAT
WHOL HIST care: ctUT war vw.aa Ae farsa
eh SA! 4. SAA Secha Be HS Ha: Bay ?
G. Sea Sh OF Yee OF ev. HS GATT SAGA,
SOMA TSA! C. WATT SSH SSA ss SAA &. Hel
Ol UIT ACH ? Yo. STE Wa: Cayees Fre WaT WaT
Saer EST 82. Se Te Wey ara! 22. Waraya4
freaks:
Stat SUPA: WA 123. St War wafaa-westA? EBTI
ey. So HT He St ST A HHI eu. G: Aaa ara
06. i: &: GA FAAMA! Wo. Taya
aw: 7 sae
 Tenses and Moods 103

Use g4 in the following sentences, e.g., #é Veit—

até Ufagy st!
ae Gree! ae Se ath a dep veal ws: ze
TreeSfa | até fad Fess a: Bona war Weta a: feta
sé aera cat fa wate ? sé cat ao exfafal a SA
TE |
sae — até Eafedy, Sear até WS UGH Sear aT
tepd ufedy seott | Us: Te Gy seat até fora WS,
Sora | UB: sTGy seotal UT Giogy sewfal a: chady,
seota | sé afedy Seah wa fee Hy suote ? se TIGL
Sota | GT azifaqy sold ae SA HPA seo
Translate into Sanskrit :
1. I want to go home. 2. He is going to buy a book.
3. She wants to see a film. 4. I come here to learn Sanskrit.
5. You can do this. 6. He wants something to drink. 7. I
want to talk with you. 8. He comes to Ashram daily for
meditation. 9. She wants to start a Sanskrit class here.
10. He is going to congratulate her. 11. Now you are able
to answer.

SRY — 8. HS TE TH Sea 2. &: Yeh HA

Tad! 3. G Dofadt Gey seta ¥. Ae AA Wea
Ufsqy sirTearfa &. TAY Ude Gd We &. a: fats
Wy Sasha | 9. ss TAA TS ASG HAY Solas TA
We srefrqy seam ¢.u: ulated rt Hy AAR
 104 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

srTesta| 8. A Aa Sepa AMY Hd swstrasa

a Ghd ARS SeofT| Yo. G: Ta: AMAAH_
Tera: a attated Wesfal 22. AYA TAYSK ad
WAST aA Sea STANT |
Use sreatfaor 7 wea UW can or I cannot) in the
above sentences, ¢.g.,76Y UAG/Upal ad aileg Wry!
HEL URO/THO TE TE MEH! HEL VAIL TOA
URC/CAA
Wo PFN!
Join the following sentences by ©, ¢.g., He Te frees
Teeny, RN apd Vay — sé faensa Wear Wed Vary!
9. a6 famed vat, aqaled Fey Brreoth! 2. ae
Te array, wre! 3. ae wrely, afeqy west
%. OT abet Teste, Pot Hal | 4. Se We: SI HUH, STH
Trea | &. Ware: fre ovata, zaeHuia! wv. rer: We
worata,
Te Weft ¢. a: Set Varoata, ATA Hata! 8.
Wa: afar TAL Aaa, ATT Tesi! Yo. A: TANG
a7
Weld, Set Uefa |
SA — ¢. HE fae Usca Agaled Yer, ATES |
2. FE TEX BMT Gels 3. ae fers lod wes!
%. OT APR Tea Ut Hud! 4. StS Wie: SIA HAT STAG
TST | &. Mae: Prete EET Ache | wo. IMA: TS yoy
Te Testa! ¢. Ts SST VaNes AS Hata &. Wa: Alsanryrd
TAY AA SIT TST | Yo. G: TANS WS AMA Tela |
aiyery:— bank. sq: — shop.
WSe:/TeT ATATH/
SAT TeSTy |
I am just coming.

ata AA ART,
APT
I have swimming today.

STS STA Tey |

I am going to the Ashram.

ae Maret SS Tes
I am going to see a video.

ae WAT AAMT |
I am feeling cold.

até Watch Wile |

I am expecting a letter.

WA Ae SVM VAT
My uncle 1s in a serious condition.

SSH stdla gtere:/agraa|

I am feeling very hungry.

sel, sta HT steric wafer

Oh, I have eaten too much today.

HSA! AA Sat WA
Enough. | am full.
106 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

aq faerat sradaystafa |
I am getting late.

Ua Ac
Let me see that.

HS ACTER Westy |
I am going to have my tiffin.

Paste: SifSt
I am feeling sleepy.

AW Akama Fara|
I have a headache.

aq ale We Wad, ASL Ud He Wes |

Come what may, I am going to do this.

HS saa: /SaeT |
I have fever.

TT He fas steara:/stera |
Today I got up late.

Fe WAI Fe A MMA STH |

I could not catch the bus.

Ur AA POA Fae
I have forgotten it completely.

dq ae FW
I do not care for it.
 107

ANA FSASSH/FGATSH |
I am too tired.

cag sauae
It is you I was looking for.

ey Ud Wey Seay |
I would like to have it.

TY Sets SIS Aa |
Iam feeling extremely lazy today.

AA sofa: Aret
I have no objection.

Fa qs fate Hera
I have something to tell you.

Gel Henly 3S Gst:/Asi |

I am ready any time.

aq pay afer) aq sree

It is somewhere here. Let me search for it.

ate afayarafy Grafs |

I am remembering someone.

WA We BT |
I feel giddy.

I AA AUT Vaasa: Waar: |

Today I have a bad cold.
108 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

STS Barbera: MTA |

I have caught a cold.

yrearrate |
gr tsht
Et Weed yuifiven
I hear someone knocking at the door.

AA Saag /exieSr Val |

I have a toothache.

Fe Seoera: + vate
I don’t feel like eating.

HS AT APT! SSA STA UST: ARTA |

I don’t know. I am a stranger here.

sé Wiest agaied Share |

I get up everyday at 4 o’clock.

Fe Va Wares teat,
de CATA Hoa UNH
ty |
I go to the toilet first, brush my teeth, and then have a
shower.

FUERA Ae Gs/gat vay

I take half an hour to get ready.

TACMAT GATTO |
See you again in the evening.

aa Haale aa feast a Hy ?
Why are you not doing as I tell you?
 Concerning Studies 109

sé Ca qvefqenh
aa: waa Ud HAA!
Because you have done this, I will punish you.

sé TET UTA Sta Ge fe G: GA A ATT

As he was not there, I spoke to his brother.

sey Uae HUA aa: Uae ATA

I do it because I choose to.

até tautcat Wea |

I keep my promise.

ste Ud Maa BRUT

I will do it myselt.

sey Uae! ca da ARMA

I will take you there one day.

ae GY A sea! se ate Seo

I do not want milk. | want curd.

afe cat a payed 4 Hat ac, facta faoran =

I shall be late unless I hurry.

CONCERNING STUDIES

WW eat = feataaera
My pen is not working.

AA Jerald: 4 AAed: |
I have not finished my homework.
110 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

ea, Ga 4 Wea
Ah, I cannot find my notebook.

PIT SOTATT |
Please pass the eraser.

aa Seq Teray?
May | take your eraser?

Aa FSTSNaa: HAST: |
I have to do a lot of homework.

TTA TAT STATS: shat fanz ?

Is there any homework for maths?

oa gat eT
I am taking your pencil.

Ue: Vere: |
Here is the homework.

ATT Tay aad WMearagy setae |

You can correct it now.

Hua Wal WSs YI Us!

Please read the book with me.

far WMT ayaa

AeT ?
Isn’t it a nice pen?

Terare:
Heer: sft Far tray |
I have forgotten to do my homework.
 Concerning Studies 11]

dae ¢:Raa:/e:Rac
I am sorry for it.

Ay fade: steyaty safes: |

I have still to learn my poem.

ae Werara: Fal GAMA: |

I have to finish this homework.

Sel, PT SSVI |!
What a nice quotation it 1s !

erfa a at — ata ca astaat: aretesares

Do you remember — you have singing class at 6.30 P.M.

Hep stftht: AM Fa: |

What a boring class it was !

AISISS GT WAI
It is time for the class.

sey Ude atey 4 eA

I cannot understand it.

TE Sasa SPIT Te SATA STATA

I liked it a lot. It was marvellous.

Ude Ha Bat faa, STAT

I had forgotten all about it.

BAe Poa
Silence please.
112 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

HIT YAR AAAs |HA A AGTH

Please explain again. | did not understand.

Hel at: Gare ?

When is the class going to finish?

ad Hl FHS ?
What is your problem?

HUTT Bey Aaa |

Please try to understand.

aed: aide sey

It is really boring.

ay ofa A deter a Haid! 4A gis: 4a Wadd!

My brain is not working.

US: YS: AHA AC:

SA: STA: |
This homework is quite easy/difficult/long/short.

HU PITHSH Aig |
Please wipe the blackboard.

UW: GES ARSAA: |

It is time for the music to start.

pon faa etfs

Please give me your pen.

THqR Ta: at: ?

What class do you have in the fifth period?
 Concerning Studies tS

da Sat SGA!
Your answer is wrong.

sey /reanny aga/ieEa |

Take the notes.

ag at frotaa: laos |
You are late today.

aaa, até faotaa:faotad |

Sorry, | am late.

Weras fasta: Fat |

It is getting late for the school.
= _

Let us revise the slokas.

Wat wrest /SeTTy |

May I come in”?

arya, ufasnts ?
May I come in Sir/Madam?

ary ara, aera ?

May | go out Sir/Madam’?

aq sutagnis?
May I sit here?

qa FA WAST SISA Sa AAI

He gave a wrong answer to my question.
114 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Gail Fa/esal Fa) Hess faarearet|

Get ready, it is time for the school.

AA We Area ararele |
My exam. is drawing near.

ate Fanaa ae) armed eeasivay afaenty |

I am in Class IX. I will be in Class X next year.

até Rrefaeni ded Tart |

I have been learning Sanskrit since my Kindergarten.

dthd PaarV/Sada SSM WAH fad afta ate

SIG:/GATT |
I get highest marks in Sanskrit. But | am weak in maths.

HSAAA He sid HA rath: sofexttc|

My teacher advises me to work hard.

He TAA TE: |
I am good at chemistry.

oa Tul fomay ?
What colour will I write with?

HET MRE IA HT |
Spell this word.

waa AA Caan fe Hay? waved a fora

What have you done to my pen? It does not write.
 YOU

aa sate
aa sutastl
You may sit wherever you like.

aqesty AAT Hel

Do as you like.

aq d Wad/aat da Sey/aal da SeT|

As you like.

Pua AH Alera Hew |

HUTT AY VeTs:/Aea Waa |
Please help me.

Aa/ Waa:
/AIC: AST UTA |
Could you help me?

amy areata aarreate ?

Are you coming?

ae arraauded fastayactent Hae tomy?

ama udlers AA seTsas Arad?
Will you wait till | come?

qq dad HA Gad /saed Huy ?

How dare you say that?

AY Ue FTG |
You look smart today.
116 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

fo Sid Aa ?
What is the matter with you?
Ay ca A CARY: /CaEAT ?
Are you not well?

ate cay Acasa Gel AS SUT: /SCALA:

/STN /STRAT
ATaeae |
If you eat too much, you will be ill.

da hea: ST
Your hair-style is great.

fafa teach ard were ?

Can you lend your cycle for sometime?
Taste faye fry ?
Are you mad?

fo da aa: ?
How old are you?

Th FO
/FOr ELTA|
You look tired.

fad CARE Exae |

How pretty you look !

fe aferspftrdtsfeaapftrentis2
Are you angry with me?

ay ca Yop: Tae ?
Are you in your senses?
 You 117

AY, Hal HAT APTA |

Tell me when I should come.

Ta FAIS Hd A a ?
Have you taken your lunch or not?

army care ?
Do you remember?

aid gusta ?
How many do you want?

SY Cl ATA: /ATAHRM/ AFA: /THA ?

Are you free?

ara qa Fel Ararsrarvan: GAaA Pacla ?

Does your watch keep Radio time?

ides afd calla ?

How many do you give for a rupee?

aa Raa stearate |
You have perspired all over.

se Hrd fad Vt Sa weae/aareqar: ?

How soon can you finish this job?

se rt faa HISa Gareary ?

How long would you take to finish this work?

PUT A YS Ag wey ?
Would you please give me a lift to my home?
.
118 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Se Ua ores fra weate ?

Could you post this letter at the Post Office?

Ta QMS: SUA /Aded Weid ?

Can I use your phone?

qty Aq aC
It is better if you don’t.

aoaSK WayHpra wesata-waanr Sat ef |

Please reply without delay by the return post.

ca Sa: /SAaRT |
You are running a temperature.

ch: Wa Fafeacat alfa ?

Who is treating you?

chal shasta ?
When do you get up?

Widest foaed He Teste — wearer at fgachor ar ?

How do you go to school everyday — on foot or by cycle?

Hh PAA/PACT ?
Where do you come from?

a He Avast wats ?
What class are you studying in?

aet se oq ae alt ots: 4 vfacata

No harm will come to you if you tell the truth.
 Miscellaneous 119

a aa Aare: ?
Where do you stay?

fee warefa — feat al wert a ?

What do you eat — bread or rice?

Tea HSA HEI

Go and take your food.

Usrd
Al Hel
Don’t feel shy, feel at home.

dd Ua: wae: wate

Your tea is getting cold.

a a Use waa
You are putting me into trouble.

MISCELLANEOUS

faran/se feayyudd fay ?

What is this?

HSA BAA H:/UI: ch: ?

Who is this (boy/man)?

Hl Saq/Sa HVT HT ?
Who is this (girl/lady)?

afta Bre amsrevartta raft Pae-seTOTy 2

Is there anything special to say?
120 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

safes feratt fasranyertea

carsft fersra: ?
Is there anything special?

AYA H: GAA FoVafaaesry,?

What is the time now?

Hua
ae efe/eard |
Please give that.

equ Wea |
Please wait a moment.

o¢ WIS
A Ue
This should not be taken seriously.

AIST SRT ATR STI: SATS: |

There is no other way.

Fatacared Ud om: Art: ?

What is the way to the hospital?

cay AA HAA?
How are you here?

SaCIeaHa A: ?
Where were you all these days?

fA ATTA ?
What is the purpose of your visit?

Toh CRU ?
What is the reason?
 Miscellaneous 12]

Te TeeA/sT
Food is ready.

STE SH SOTA
It is too hot/cold today.

AM Way Se |
It is so cold today !

AMIHY SVM GSI

It is very hot/cold indeed.

ste om: fearg:/sterda-fearg: oh: ?

What is the date today?

sary wren fer dora ?

What film is there this Saturday?

ae WeaTe-aert fer fee ead ?

What is there for lunch today?

aT TN Gh: Hess: ?
What is the programme tonight?

aay,
sé A Wes |
Useless, | am not going.

STE] STINT: SAC CaAeS:/ALU: !

The sky is so clear/cloudless today !

YSIAAEA B: FA Heat wlan

Just at 5 o’clock he entered my room.
122 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

aa a: fastafa aa ader a aefa

He does not always speak as he thinks.

GT: AURA AM Yes sears |

He brought his book and put it on the table.

sty TAS/St: UIT: ?

Is the breakfast ready?

Hs Gears sey!
The food was delicious.

3¢ Taree |
This is tasteless.

3¢ Yea |
This is very tasty.

TA Hey? ATA
Felt bad? I am sorry/Excuse me.
Fat |
It does not matter.

AAVATS FT TUT: ATO |

You should not care for what people say.

feo vata ?
What is going on?

oh: Weald 2
Who ts whistling?
 Miscellaneous 123

sTeatyaHy UAL!
It is too much.

Fea: TEL FSH

It is really nice.

aAraed: Wa wea
Normally it happens like this.

TAL G: A STA: |
Because of that he has not come.

MTaAlsh Ya Sai!
The serial was good.

AYA ATAATS:/AAPAHTS: |HUSISA TAA |

It is time for the news now.

WW Way sitet ?
Do I have any letter?

wa WSS Wea:ATaT ?
Did you go to the Post Office?

4, He A Tara
No, I did not go.

aTel, Sean Se VHA

Oh, this song 1s really touching.

ATH G: eera:/ar ear

He/She was saved by the Mother’s Grace.
124 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

pass AA AM sufay:/sufasr?
Why have you occupied my seat?

GF: Ate: | GT ACT!

He/She is sick.

dd AVAR a7 !
It is so dark here !

FT AS aR AAT |
His health is better today.

ATM ASAT SET |

Still there is a lot of time.

Wdatest FA Fel Hoa Fat Mata

My watch goes one minute fast everyday.

APT G: We alert ?
Is he at home now?

a: Sa errant: ofe: ayaa

Yesterday it rained cats and dogs here.

a fray sett TI
She was asking for something.

Wa: Sted:|
The sun is up.

HEIAA-WIAT $F UAH APTA

This letter has come by today’s post.
 Miscellaneous 125

Fa has UH: Aes

Only Rama is coming today.

Sa: AL LIM Pa UA?

How far is that place from here?

3¢ [aa}ars sar wresfa ?

Does this bus go to Auroville?

fe aA sara weata ?
Which bus goes to Auroville?

sara Ula AAS TH ?

What is the bus-fare to Auroville?

374 APT: STs Test |

This road goes to the Ashram.

afy uaa
ARS ?
Has the dinner started?

STITT: OG! |
The shop ts closed.

ary ured: Yer: |

This plant has flowered.

fa G: Ad: ?
Has he gone mad?

Tate WAAL) HIT WAH WMATA |

Please sing a song.
126 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

foe TIT ?
What song?

feeaty|
Any.

TS AUS: AU Asai |
His elder brother is running a shop.

Se UOraay BA USAT AAS!

This film ran here for three weeks.

a: Saray
Wass FS A WAN
He can’t see well with his right eye.

Res fa dotaata ?
What is on the T.V.?

CISHSTA Ge Wa/MAa:/WaeM: GH: Arar: ?

How are you related to Mr. Das?

aS HAA AAT ?
How was the picnic?

fata oreldaete |
The radio is on.

Sue: FT Aetd/ars A hate

The telephone 1s dead.

qe Ya: faaed HY vata ?

How is his son getting along at school?
 Miscellaneous 127

sa Waa: Ta AR Aa sex scaalad

A Vea
This bag is so heavy that I cannot lift it.

aft a: aa aifea ?
Is he there?

af a pou veya a af pitapira ?

Are you angry with me?

ot fea se: sara ?

Why are you laughing loudly?

qa faa Hera ? cai afaan Haraay?

How many times should I tell you?

aA/aal GS Ad H: Gay: ?
How 1s he/she related to you?

od fay guste?
What do you want?

HAY Ud Ahwa ?
Who told you this?

ct ania ert: Hrs hare ?

How many hours do you work?

HA A We WeId waar ?
Where can I get a car?

aa fee fea tar eyrqaray ?

What are the places worth visiting here?
128 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

TA Se Hd VANS?
Can you do this?

oh: Ud Hd Matte ?
Who can do this?

DECLENSION

Words ending in
In Sanskrit words ending in 31 are the most common and
they are inflected in the following way :

We: Fa: | This is Shyam.

ae FaTA SMTA I know Shyam.
ae VaAA GS SSUs! | am talking with Shyam.
3 VATA Gata I give to Shyam.
ae VATA TTT | I get from Shyam.
Te VAS FY: | I am Shyam’s friend.
até vary fazarsd aryl I believe in Shyam.
vag | St AMS O Shyam ! come here.

are mae | ity START 2 WHAT Ya: TAT: fear

eR AMAT
TORT ACTA FO, LOA, Wea
grat |
om: Uratd ? TA: Worf a: wm: 2 Wer: wees
Tal a: & Usa ? er Wee sata) a: Wet Ha
 Declension 129

(HRA card) Usrafa ? Tae: were faarrH-aret gsrat

Tae: Tee feast ysrata ? Ter: Wrst feMess-Sys Usa |
Ter: TH Hel (HA FAM) Yates 2?Ger: wie ys,
Qs, Wechsa Gora Fe: Wet Hed Hed Grate ?
TART: TUT STCTAHTST
Tsar |
Be FATT | YU) HT AAS WATTYa: Wa: YPAATsT
WSU BS A MaG-YEST BIG TT SAGA GIST WEN!
ahi Wet 2 GT: HT Ya: 2H H WNL? SH H HA
Wet 2?Hh: HEY fe SAA Sasa Wek ? Hh: HA AM
Hh US2? H: Hal H Werd?
SUA — WA: WIL! S: MUST YA: | WH: STAG Wee |
UWA: Sagal ces Wet! Wa: gras Wes HS ay
aga WS! UH: Mae aSSt Sele AAA Wee! WA:
AAS saga Wet

Translate into Sanskrit :

|. This is my hand. 2. This is my right hand. 3. I am
holding my left hand with my right hand. 4. Do something
for my injured left hand. 5. There is a chalk in my right
hand. 6. See, the chalk is falling from my right hand.
7. You do not know the skill of my right hand. 8. O my
dear hand, do not beat Shyam.

SORA
— 2. US: FA SET! 2. US: FH SPATS aT: | -3. AS
cane area fa sw. HA sted-armeera feeaft
Hel &. Fa fared
Gel Seq &. Vea, FA eareeNd
130 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

Gel vata o. cd Wa cae HITS A TAT 2. @ AA

aeed
| VaTH AT ASS

Words ending in 3
WH Wall se Wei SMI ats Aaa We streara ste Aaa
eat! ate Tea: WAH ate Tas: Ay) sts TTATAT
Tazare Hey! S ta | sta BTS

@ WY! TA WET! FIRTH GO MATT: Yat THAT ATA

We Uelarene AAT: WMT TTT |
Ol West 2?AAA Wests | AMA Hl ? AMAT MNATaT: Yar
Tea ct 2 Wea AWA: Aral! AWaT Ha teeta ? AAA
Teme Testa! Aaa fHxe wewmest testa ? AGA
UH raaneay Wewet Teste | fH A WoT USMet Tesla ?
4, OT Umer a testa! de BM ha Ge Tesla 2? ST Aaa
We Testd! AAA HA LAMA HA Mestad ? AGA
AAAMGA: WsMet Test | AAA HET Hora fayqu ?
qa Fano TY |

Translate into Sanskrit :

1. This is my nose. 2. | am holding the nose. 3. I smell
with my nose. 4. Today the condition of my nose is
serious. 5. There is a terrible flow from my nose. 6. But
I need no medicine for the nose. 7. There is a lot of mucus
in my nose. 8. O my nose! today you become all right.
 Declension 131

Sa — 2. WaT He aaa! 2. tS AMAT SATA «3. SS

alfear farearfa ~. ata aa arena:eet MATa
G. 7a alfa: eéa-era: vata 6. ferq ae afer
ree 4 seo vw. aa afsenrat watfagrry afer ¢. S
AY afta, 3st Ss Cae aI
Fill in the blanks using the words in brackets.
(m) sara =(aee)_..... az set|
(stare)... WaT GMA: |
(QIRA:) aca: Yar: Gia |
(UGH)... ATA UW: |
(fgdrq) ... ATA Wa: |
(qqrq) .. . AA wa: (S_a) . . . FT WAST: |
WA: (AEM) ... GE
ee: (hry ... El
Sea: WA (qffat) ... Tal
WATT: (HH) ... We |
(@) saeae: (AAD) oo.) OUT
He: (SU44) ... 0 Ut
eal = (A) J... MRT
PUI: (caqeh1) ... 6
aqgea: (aml) ... Ufa, (em)... fT
wt 86pm... Ot
a: (ea) ... (fD ... Oe
(qa)...
ay (GN). EI
a2 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

a: (Sa) ...) Ue
sa (fares) iw. AT
sty —

(HF) RIAT:, THA, VRAIS, WIGS, feces, TAT,

adie, AIM: Shea: War, pera |
(Gd) AW:, SAAS, HHS, CAIM:, CAM: HORA, HI,
PU ATM: G4sa:, FASa:, SATaT:, FATS |

PROVERBS

BT VITA
The sooner the better.

TAS VIPAT ATT |

Let bygones be bygones.

mea Usa |
A tree 1s known by its fruit.

sae
fe Yat Fey: |
All that is born must die.

qyfad:
fa a Hata way
A hungry man knows no law.

We MST GAA |
Tit fof tat.
 Proverbs 133

aft ada asta

Too much of anything is bad.

ser: waned Afeacd 4 Wald

Black will take no other hue.

aifaseyq
& stat
Glory gives immortality.

AIOE PLES Th |
Time runs in a devious way.

aaa BA ae waste vst: |

Better give the wool than the whole skin.

are faraat area stare Sasal AB: |

Necessity knows no law.

strauRaaredall |
Familiarity breeds contempt.

AMT
ANG avy |
Too much courtesy, too much craft.

seus FIST |
A little learning is a dangerous thing.

Sa Saar carey TT |
Mother and motherland are superior to heaven.

que que fat tar

Opinions differ.
134 Learn Sanskrit the Natural Way

faaefate Bra: |
Tastes differ.

TAMA Stay: |
It is difficult to change one’s nature.

TRIGA VA |
This body is meant for doing good to others.

fae <altd Tata |

Knowledge gives humility.

SAH fer: |
Knowledge is power.

SATA STAT|
Forgiveness is an adornment of knowledge.

Aare Wet TL
There is no greater sin than falsehood.

AIST AAT,
WL |
Knowledge is the greatest happiness.

Oia: Hoel AST

The silent man has no quarrel.

RRA GS THAT |
The body is the principal instrument for the realisation
of Dharma.
 Proverbs 135

asi As fasyql
Food taken in indigestion is poison.

staqasiast FA!
Life is empty without knowledge.

Hla: GARI |
Anger fetters the whole world.

eared aut Are

There is no askesis like forgiveness.

qaqa: Ale: |
Anger destroys all virtue.

ad at vias!
All is founded on Truth.

al feet afaat
feat!
What is knowledge without poetry !

Ta! feats |
Rama never speaks twice.

4 feet eps
The words of a seer never prove false.
 WHAT NEXT ?

For acquiring a more comprehensive ability to read,

understand, write and speak Sanskrit, the following study-
material is recommended:

@ Speak Sanskrit the Easy Way

Ce) Gand fedrar TT:

@ Gand adrat OTT:

©) Mad aga A:
© thd wae
eo ModtHcah: Gaal ATT:
© moda: fsdraistasa art:
© BHI
Sa aET
As is well known, practice is the most direct method of
acquiring any skill. Therefore, after the foundation for
mastering Sanskrit has been laid by the study recommended
above, it should be followed up with regular and wide
reading, frequent effort to express oneself in writing and
conversation to the extent possible. Constant interaction
with lovers of Sanskrit will be of great help.
The books Speak Sanskrit and Surabharati as well as
other audio-video materials are available on the following
website:

http://sanskrit.sriaurobindoashram.org.in
 Other Sanskrit Books

GRR, Waa ATT: dehd Ha vert ?

AIOVSTAT: ATER:
(eae Pepa HUTS:
ULOVOTAT: UALS:
STOTTATST Aca:
Teareaaita STA
VAT CATT: SITS EES
afarcentran SasSoSRAAa:
Tea: Hale:
aurea, urfursraraat:

AAS A : STaeiter UferTay,

AOAC TIMTHTAT ST VEST
TATA SAT stontacursag,
BlHaehay asa ohh)
(rd SAFTSSIT ae fear werwad)
ANIACH G, 30.00 SSAA &, 400,00
Available at
SABDA, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry 605002
Tel (0413) 2223328 Email mail@sabda.in
Send your order with full remittance through bank draft or money
order. Books are sent only by registered post and not by V.P.P.
Add on 5% of the total value of the books as well as Rs 30 towards
postage and packing.
Books can also be ordered via the website http://www.sabda.in
 The vital question is how we are to learn and make
use of Sanskrit and the indigenous languages So as
to get to the heart and intimate sense of our own
culture and establish a vivid continuity between the
still living power of our past and the yet uncreated
power of our future.
Yu aUUI
C0}051116(0)

ISBN 978-81-7058-512-1 | {|
It
Rs 50