Formulario - Límites y Derivadas

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FORMULARIO DE CÁLCULO

Límites

lim 𝑘 = 𝑘 lim [𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) + lim 𝑔(𝑥) 1 − cos(𝑥)


𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 lim =0
𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥

lim 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑐 𝑛 lim [𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ lim 𝑔(𝑥) sin(𝑥)


𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 lim =1
𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐) lim [𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))] = 𝑓 ( lim 𝑔(𝑥)) lim sec(𝑥) = sec(𝑐)
𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐

lim sin(𝑥) = sin(𝑐) lim 𝑘𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 × lim 𝑓(𝑥) lim csc(𝑥) = csc(𝑐)
𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐

𝑓(𝑥) lim 𝑓(𝑥)


lim cos(𝑥) = cos(𝑐) lim [ ] = 𝑥⟶𝑐 lim cot(𝑥) = cot(𝑐)
𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑔(𝑥) lim 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥⟶𝑐
𝑥⟶𝑐

𝑛
lim tan(𝑥) = tan(𝑐) lim [𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 = [ lim 𝑓(𝑥)]
𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐 𝑥⟶𝑐

Reglas de derivación
Formas básicas

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑐) = 0 [𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑐)] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) ± 𝑔′ (𝑥) [𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥)) ∙ 𝑔′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑛 𝑑
(𝑥 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 [𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑐)] = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥)


[𝑐𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑐𝑓 ′ (𝑥) [ ]=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) [𝑔(𝑥)]2

Funciones exponenciales y logarítmicas

𝑑 𝑥 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑 1
(𝑐 ) = 𝑐 𝑥 ln(𝑐) (𝑐 ) = 𝑐 𝑓(𝑥) ln(𝑐) × 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (ln|𝑥|) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑 𝑥 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
(𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) × 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (ln|𝑓(𝑥)|) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑑 1 𝑑 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
(log 𝑏 𝑥) = (log 𝑏 [𝑓(𝑥)]) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 ∙ ln(𝑏) 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ ln(𝑏)
Funciones trigonométricas e hiperbólicas

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[sin(𝑥)] = cos(𝑥) [cos(𝑥)] = − sin(𝑥) [tan(𝑥)] = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[cot(𝑥)] = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑥) [csc(𝑥)] = − csc(𝑥) ∙ cot(𝑥) [sec(𝑥)] = sec(𝑥) ∙ tan(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 1
[sin−1 (𝑥)] = [cos −1 (𝑥)] = − [tan−1 (𝑥)] =
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 1
[cot −1 (𝑥)] = − [csc −1 (𝑥)] = − [sec −1 (𝑥)] =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[sinh(𝑥)] = cosh(𝑥) [cosh(𝑥)] = sinh(𝑥) [tanh(𝑥)] = sech2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[coth(𝑥)] = − csch2 (𝑥) [csch(𝑥)] = − csch(𝑥) ∙ coth(𝑥) [sech(𝑥)] = − sech(𝑥) ∙ tanh(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 1
[sinh−1 (𝑥)] = [cosh−1 (𝑥)] = [tanh−1 (𝑥)] =
𝑑𝑥 √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2
√𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥2

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 1
[coth−1 (𝑥)] = [csch−1 (𝑥)] = − [sech−1 (𝑥)] = −
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 |𝑥| √𝑥 2 + 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2

Reglas de integración
Integrales básicas

𝑥 𝑛+1
∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝐶 ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶; 𝑛 ≠ −1 ∫ cot(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sin(𝑥)| + 𝐶
𝑛+1

𝑏𝑥
∫ 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 ∫ sec(𝑥) ∙ tan(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = sec(𝑥) + 𝐶 ∫ tan(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sec(𝑥)| + 𝐶
ln 𝑏

1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶 ∫ sec(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sin(𝑥) + tan(𝑥)| + 𝐶 ∫ sec 2 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = tan(𝑥) + 𝐶
𝑥

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 ∫ csc(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ln|csc(𝑥) + cot(𝑥)| + 𝐶 ∫ csc 2 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = − cot(𝑥) + 𝐶

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢 ∙ 𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 ∫ csc(𝑥) ∙ cot(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = − csc(𝑥) + 𝐶 ∫ cosh(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = sinh(𝑥) + 𝐶

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