Syllogism

Statement:-

1. It will provide us the information about the relation between the

elements.
2. It use to be illogical in nature.
3. We are bound to accept it as a universal truth.

Conclusion:-

1. It will provide us the hidden relation or further relations

between elements given in the statement.
2. May be true or false.
 Four fundamental statements

1. Some A are B 2. All A are B

3. Some A are not B 4. No A are B

Statement: Some A are B

Conclusions:
1. Some B are A
2. All A are B
3. Some A are not B
4. All A are B is a possibility
5. Some A are not B is a possibility
6. No B is A is a possibility
Statement: All A are B

Conclusions:
1. Some B are A
2. Some B are not A
3. Some B are A is a possibility
4. All B are A is a possibility
5. Some B are not A is a possibility
6. No B is A is a possibility
Statement: No A is B

Conclusions:
1. Some B are A
2. Some B are not A
3. No B is A
4. All A are B is a possibility
5. No A is B is a possibility
6. Some B are not A is a possibility
Statement: Some A are not B

Conclusions:
1. Some B are A
2. Some A are B
3. Some B are not A
4. No B is A
5. All B are A is a possibility
6. No A is B is a possibility
 Possibility In Conclusion

Definite True + P => wrong

Definite False + P => wrong

Cannot be determined + P => right

 Secondary Words
Some All Some Not No
Few Each Hardly None
At least some Every Scarcely Never
Almost all Any Seldom No one
Maximum 100%
Minimum
Many
Most of
Mostly
A portion of
More
Generally
1% - 99%
Statement:
No paper is newspaper
Some newspapers are not garbage

Conclusions:
1. Some newspapers are garbage
2. Some papers are garbage
3. Some papers are newspapers is a possibility
4. All garbage can be newspapers
5. All newspapers can never be garbage
6. Some papers are garbage is a possibility
Statement:
No paper is book
Some books are pencils

Conclusions:
1. Some papers are pencils
2. Some paper are books
3. No pencil is paper
4. Some papers are pencils is a possibility
5. Some pencils are papers is a possibility
6. All pencils are papers is a possibility
 Either Or case

1. Both the conclusions should be wrong individually

2. Elements should be same

3. Complimentary pairs

All, Some not Some, No

Ex: Statement:
Some G are H
Some H are I

Conclusions:
I. No G is I
II. Some G is I
III. No G is H
Ex: Statement:
All Gingers are Vegetables
Some Tomatoes are Vegetables

Conclusions:
I. Some Tomatoes are not Gingers
II. Some Vegetables are Gingers
III. All Tomatoes are Gingers
Statement:
Some carnivorous are wild
All animals are carnivorous

Conclusions:
I. Some wild are animals
II. No animals are wild
III. All carnivorous are wild is a possibility
Statements:
No door is a floor
All floors are beds
All windows are beds

Conclusions:
I. No floor is a door
II. Some beds are floors
III. Some floors are doors
IV. All windows are doors
V. Some windows are not doors
Statements:
At least some stars are satellites
26% satellites are planets
Each planet is blue

Which of the following conclusions is correct?

Conclusions:
I. Some planets are stars
II. No star is planet
III. Some stars are blue
IV. All planets are satellite is a possibility
V. None of these
Statement:
No table is chair
All chairs are wooden
No chair is strong

Which of the following conclusions is not correct?

Conclusions:
I. Some wooden are chair
II. Some chairs are not tables
III. All wooden are tables is a possibility
IV. Some tables are strong is a possibility
V. Some wooden are not strong
 Only A are B
➢ All B are A.

➢ And B can not have any positive relation with other

elements discussed in the statement.

True Conclusions:
 Only a few A are B
➢ It is a mixture of Some and Some not

➢ Here we already know that some A are B also there is some part
of A which is not related to B.

True Conclusions:
Statement:
Only a few notebooks are papers
No paper is a word

Conclusion:
I. Few papers are notebooks
II. All notebooks can be papers
Statements:
Generally podcasts are novels
Only podcasts are stories

Conclusions:
I. Some stories are novels
II. No story is novel
Statement:
All Cows are Pets
Only a few Birds are Pets

Conclusion:
I. Some Cows are Birds
II. Some Pets are Cows
III. Some Birds are Pets
Statement:
Only a few Toys are Boats
All Boats are Ships

Conclusion:
I. Few Toys are Ships
II. All Ships being Toys is a possibility
Statements:
Only sheet is bed
Some sheets are pillow
No sheet is blanket

Conclusions:
I. No pillow is blanket
II. Some bed are pillow
III. Some sheets are not pillow
Directions: In each of the questions below are given some statements followed by five conclusions.
You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with
commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions
logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:
No door is a floor
All floors are beds

Conclusions:
I. Some beds are not floors
II. All floors are doors
III. All beds are floors
IV. Some beds are not doors
V. All follow
Directions: In each of the questions below are given some statements followed by five conclusions.
You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with
commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions
logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:
All cows are animals
All domestic are animals

Conclusions:
I. No animal is a cow
II. No cow is a domestic
III. Some cows are domestic
IV. Some domestic can be animals
V. None of these
Directions: In each of the questions below are given some statements followed by five conclusions.
You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with
commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions
logically does not follow from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:
All pens are books
Some books are pencils
Only a few pencils are erasers

Conclusions:
I. Some pens being pencils is a possibility
II. Some pens are erasers is a possibility
III. Some pencils are not eraser
IV. Some erasers are not pencils
V. None of these
Directions: In each of the questions below are given some statements followed by five conclusions.
You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with
commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions
logically does not follow from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:
All books are copies
No copy is a sheet
Some sheets are beautiful
Only a few copy are beautiful

Conclusions:
I. All sheet being beautiful is a possibility
II. No sheet is book
III. Some beautiful are not book is a possibility
IV. All book can be beautiful
V. None of these
Blood Relation
 Relations:

Grandfather Cousin
Grandmother Sibling
Uncle Paternal
Aunt Maternal
Brother in law Spouse
Sister in law
Daughter in law
Son in law
Niece
Nephew
Mother in law
Father in law
 Notations

Male =>

Female =>

Couple =>

Same Generation =>

Generation gap =>

In a family,
B is the son of C and C is not the mother of B.
A and C are a married couple.
F is the brother of C.
D is the brother of E.
E is the daughter of A.

Q1) How many female members in the family?

Q2) Who is the mother of B?

Q3) How many children does C have?

There are 6 members in a family M, N, O, P, Q and R.
Q is the brother-in-law of R’s mother. R is father of O.
N is father of P and grandfather of O. There are two
female in the family. O is nephew of P.

Q4) Who are the females in the family?

Q5) How many generations are there in the family?
Q6) Who is the mother of R?
Study the following information carefully and answer
the questions
There are eight members in a family - A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
and H. A is the grandmother of G, who is the cousin of H.
A is married to B. B has one son and one daughter. C is
the son of A and is married to E. F is the wife of D. H is the
son of D. E has one son.

Q7) How is H related to B?

Q8) How many female members are there in the family?

Q9) If H is married to I, then how is I related to F?

Study the following information carefully and answer
the below questions
A family consist of seven members- L, M, N, P, Q, S, and
T and two married couples. N is the sister-in-law of S
who is the daughter of M. S has a sister. L is the only son
of P. Q is the son of S's only brother. P is the father of T.
M is the spouse of P.

10) How T is related to Q?

11) How many male members are there in the family?

A three-generation family consists of eight members i.e., E, B, G, F, H, K, D
and C. H is the niece of G who is the brother-in-law of B. G is unmarried. K
is sibling of B. E is the mother-in-law of B. C is the grandmother of H. C has
only two children. F is the mother of H. D is spouse of E.

12) How many male members are there in the family?

13) Who is the grandfather in the family?

A $ B means A is the mother of B
A # B means A is the father of B
A @ B means A is the husband of B
A % B means A is the daughter of B

Q14) In the given expression ‘P @ Q $ M # T’, How is P related to T?

1. Father
2. Brother
3. Grandfather
4. Son
5. Grandson
A $ B means A is the mother of B
A # B means A is the father of B
A @ B means A is the husband of B
A % B means A is the daughter of B

Q15) Which of the following expression means C is the grandson of A?

1. A$B#C$D#E
2. A$B$C$D$E
3. A$B#C@D$E
4. A$B#D#C#E
5. A$B@D$C@E
Q16) If ‘P × Q’ means P is the daughter of Q, ‘P + Q’ means P is the father of Q,
‘P ÷ Q’ means P is the mother of Q and ‘P – Q’ means P is the brother of Q,
then in the expression A ÷ B + C – E × F, how is F related to A?

1. Mother
2. Aunt
3. Daughter in law
4. Daughter
5. None of these
17) There are 5 members M, N, O, R and S in a family. What is the relation of S to O?

Statement -1: M is mother of O who is brother of N. R is daughter of S.

Statement -2: R is wife of O who is a brother of N. S is mother of R.

1. Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

2. Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
3. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
4. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
5. Either Statement-1 alone or Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
18) There are four members in a family. What is relation of K to M?

Statement -1: R is married to K who is a sibling of S. S is mother of M.

Statement -2: M is mother of S and R is married to K.

1. Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

2. Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
3. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
4. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
5. Either Statement-1 alone or Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question