CBC LESSON NOTES

ART AND CRAFT

GRADE 6 NOTES

FREE LESSON NOTES FOR GRADE SIX

GRADE 6 ART AND CRAFT LESSON NOTES

Picture Making
 Picture making involves the application of various method such as painting, drawing,
collage and montage.

Drawing
 It is making pictures using lines and shades.

Stippling technique
 Involves using dots to create value and make an object look like solid while on a
drawing surface.

Creating light and dark effect using the stippling techniques

 Stripping technique uses dots to create value and make an object look solid while on
drawing surface.
 In stippling, areas that are light have a small number of dots and areas that are dark
have many dots.
 Tonal value is the darkness and lightness of the colour of an object.
 When stippling the number of dots should gradually change from one area to
another.
 Gradually means that the dots should not change suddenly but slowly from one step
to the next.

Pupils activity
Page 1-3

Factors to consider when drawing forms

1. Proportion
2. Balance
3. Space

Pupils activity
Page3-4

Creating a dark effect on two overlapped forms by stippling

 When two or more objects are placed or drawn in a way that they appear to be
covering or blocking each other’s parts, the objects are said to be overlapping.
 When overlapping objects
1. The large objects should be placed at the back –background, while the small
objects in front- foreground
2. The objects in front should be drawn at a lower position than the ones at the
back.
3. Objects closer to you are the ones in front and those far from you are the ones at
the back.
 Objects in the middle are said to be at the middle ground.

Page 1 of 10
  The objects that overlap are always separated by light and dark effect.

Pupils activity
Page 6-7

Drawing three overlapped forms using the stippling technique

Pot/gourd/calabash
1. Collect the suggested tools and materials
2. Follow the suggested steps and draw three overlapped forms using the stippling
techniques
2.1 Arrange the pot, gourd and calabash on a flat surface. The pot should be
behind, the gourd in the middle and the calabash in front.
2.2 Draw an outline of the three objects. Use dotted lines to show the objects
are overlapping.
2.3 Use rubber to erase parts or lines which have overlapped.
2.4 Chose the direction you want to have and the direction you want less light.
2.5 Use many dots to shade area and gradually reduce the dots as you move
towards the light area.

Drawing
Imaginative composition
 Imaginative drawing is a drawing made from an idea that is in your mind not what
you see.

Page 2 of 10
Creation of textural effect by stippling technique
 In stippling technique, dots can be used to show the surface quality of an object.
 Texture is the quality of a surface. Texture is used to show how an object would feel
when touched.
 The surface with any dots is considered to be rough while the surface with few dots
is considered to be smooth.

Pupils activity
Page 9-11

Creating visual balance when drawing several forms

 Balance is the arrangement of objects in a space within a picture composition.
 Balance makes an art more attractive. It makes the artwork more stable and more
comfortable to look at.
 When balancing objects, we should place them at the centre of our space and make
them large enough to occupy at least more than half of our space.
 We can balance objects or forms using
1. Colours
2. Lines
3. Shape
4. Texture
5. Tonal value
 There are 3 ways of creating balance
a. Placing objects at the centre of the drawing space, so that the left part and
the right part of the composition look equal.
b. Arranging forms in a way that the left and the right side of your composition
are not equal.
c. Arranging forms in an imaginative manner.
Pupils activity
Page 12-13
Drawing an imaginative composition of a twig with two leaves and a fruit
1. Collected the suggested tools and materials.
Pencil/pen/rubber/picture of real twig with two leaves and fruit.
2. Place a picture of a real twig with two leaves and a fruit on a flat surface.

Page 3 of 10
 3. Use a ruler to draw the drawing space you will use in your drawing book. Draw an
outline shape of the objects. Use dotted line to show where the objects are
overlapping.
4. Use a rubber to erase parts or lines which have been overlapped. Reduce the
darkness of your outline using a rubber.
5. Chose the direction you want to have more light and the direction you want less
light.
6. Apply more dots on the dark areas and fewer dots on the light areas. Let the dots
fade gradually.
7. Identify the sharp edges, corners and holes on the twig and fill them with more dots
to create texture.

Appreciating each other’s work.

Pupils activity
Page 15- 16

PAINTING
Painting is the skill of creating an image by using paint.

Imaginative composition
Painting imaginative composition
 Materials used in painting are
1. Paints

2. Painting surface like:

 paper
 cloth
 canvas
 stone
 skin
 wall
 boards

3. Tools like
 paintbrush
 sponge
 paint palette
 Spatula
NOTE: Palette is a flat surface on which a painter arranges and mixes paints. It can be made
of wood, plastic or carton paper.
 Tools and materials used for painting can me found or made locally within our
environment.

Pupils activity
Page 17

Page 4 of 10
 Factors to consider when painting
1. Subject matter
2. Centre of interest
3. Proportionality
4. Depth
 Every painting is based on a theme or topic also known as the subject matter
 A painting can be about:
1. Sports
2. Family
3. Education
4. Celebration among others.
 The part of a painting that attracts your attention is known as centre of interest.

You can create centre of interest in painting by

a. Making a particular object bigger than the rest.
b. Using colours that contrast (different colours)
c. Placing an object at the centre of the painting.
 Painting the actual size and shape of an object compared to another is called
proportionality.
 On the painting surface objects that are near you should be placed lower and be
bigger in size while objects far from you should be placed higher and smaller in size.
This helps to create depth and make the painting look real.

Creating tonal value in painting

 In painting an object can be made to look real by varying the lightness and darkness
of the colours used.
 The lightness or darkness of colour is also known as the tonal value of the colour.
 Tonal value is created using shading and tinting techniques.
 Shading involves adding black to a colour to make it look dark.
 Tinting involves adding white colour to a colour to make it light.
 The addition of black or white colour creates tonal variation.
 In order to create tonal value effect when painting, identify the direction of light
reflecting on the object.
 Apply dark colour paint of the object that you want to be dark and use white colour
on areas that you want to be light. Merge the two colours gradually.

Pupils activity
Page 21-22

Painting an imaginative composition – sporting activity

Pupils activity
Page 23-25

Page 5 of 10
MONTAGE
Montage is a picture composition that is created by cutting and joing images that relate to
each other.

Pictorial composition
Montage pictorial composition
 The cut out pictures used to create montage are glued on a surface known as base or
mounting surface.
 The base used should be flat.
 A base can be:
1. Manila paper
2. Cardboard
3. Hardboard
4. Plywood
5. Or any other flat surface.

Pupils activity
Page 26

Characteristics of a montage
 in a montage picture are arranged in a manner that they can overlap each other.
Overlapping means one picture is glued on top of the other.
 Picture used to make a montage can be sourced from old newspapers, old
magazines, and calendars, downloaded and printed images from the internet.
 The pictures used are usually related so as to tell the same story or communicate a
particular message.
 Cut out text can also be used to help a montage to communicate even better.

Pupil’s activity
Page 27

Spacing and balancing forms in a montage composition

 Arranging cut out images on the base before pasting them will help you to achieve
balance when creating a montage.
 You can use chose to arrange the picture cut outs side by side. Or overlap them
 In montage overlapping involves putting one picture cuts out on top of another in a
way that allows the picture at the back to be partly visible
 When overlapping, let the small picture cuts be glued on top of the big picture cut
out.
 Ensure proper use of space by using more than half of the mounting surface.
 Good use of space helps to create balance and center of interest for the montage.
 When balancing objects, arrange them in away they communicate well with each
other in order to tell a story or send a message.

Pupils activity
Page 28-29

Page 6 of 10
 Creating a montage composition
1. Collect the suggested tools and materials.
Base/adhesive/razor/scissors/pictures
2. Pick the subject matter for your montage
3. Cut out the pictures. You need for your montage.
4. Arrange the pictures cut outs on the base.
5. Mark the position of each picture to avoid disarranging when you will be pasting.
6. Apply glue on the back side of each picture cut outs and then paste it to the base.
7. Add more details to your montage by making cut outs of other things like grass
8. You can trim parts of the cuts outs that are outside the mounting surface.
9. Mount your work

Pupils activity
Page 29-31

Appreciating each other’s work

Pupils activity
Page 32

The teacher can appreciate pupils work by

1. Displaying of good pieces of work
2. Showing personal enthusiasm by the teacher.
3. Evident interest in what learners are doing.
4. Discussing and judging of good work.
5. Personal enthusiasm by other learners.

Page 7 of 10
INDIGENOUS KENYAN CRAFTS
Basketry
Basketry is the art of making containers and other items using flexible fibres.

Coil and stitch technique

 It is the art of coiling materials and sticking them together using a needle and thread
to make an item.

Samples of coil and stitch items

 There are two types of coils
1. Plaited coils – are made by braiding two or more strands of a material to make a
pattern.
2. Roiled coils – are made by roiling strands of materials together
 Items made using the coil and stitch technique are made using any suitable materials
that can be rolled e.g. banana fibres, palm leaves
 In weaving, the materials used are interlaced vertically and horizontally on a loom to
form an item.
 The vertical threads are called warps and the horizontal threads are the wefts or
fillings.
 In basketry, one does not use a loom.
 In the coil and stitch technique, the materials are rolled in a circular form and
stitched together using a needle and a string.

Pupils activity
Page 35

Selecting materials for coil and stitch technique

 Coil and stitch materials can be sourced from
1. natural materials or
2. man-made materials
 Natural materials are those that can be found in the environment
 Man-made materials include synthetic.

Man-made materials Natural materials

nylon Raffia
Carbon fibre Wool
Polyester Silk
Yarn Reeds
Acrylic yarn Cane
Banana
fibres
sisal
 Materials used in coil and stitch technique should be flexible and easy to roil to form
the coils needed.
 When selecting materials to make a door mat using the coil and stitch technique,
consider whether they are

Page 8 of 10
 1. Durable
2. easy to clean and
3. non slippery.
 Always use non slippery materials to avoid slip and fall accidents

Preparing selected materials for coil and stitch technique
 There are different ways fo preparing materials to be used to make an item using the
coil and stitch technique.
 They include
1. Dyeing
2. Plaiting
3. Tearing

Methods of preparing selected materials for coil and stitch technique

1. Tearing methods
 Involves splitting materials such as banana fibres into thin strips for easier use.
 This can be done using your hands or a fibre stripper.
Pupils activity
Page 38-39

2. Dyeing
 Is the process of changing the original colour of materials used to make an item to
different colour.
Pupils activity
Page 41

3. Plaiting
 Is a technique whereby strands of suitable materials such as rope or silk are braided
together to make a single string of fibre.

Pupils activity
Page 43

4. Stripping method
4.1 Collected the suggested tools- Fibre stripper/basin/cutting tools/sisal/water
4.2 Spilt the sisal stem into thin strips that can fit in the fibre stripper.
4.3 Place the sisal strips in the middle of the fibre stripper and pull them through to get
sisal fibre.
4.4 Wash the fibre using clean water
4.5 Dry the washed sisal fibre in the open sun.

What to consider when coiling and stitching an item.

1. Uniformity of coils
2. Consistent tension
3. Craftsmanship
4. Materials

Page 9 of 10
Making a floor mat using coil and stitch technique using man-made materials or natural
materials.

Pupils activity
Page 46
1. Collect the suggested materials and tools.
Needle/scissors/thread/man-made materials
2. Prepare the strand by rolling the length of the strand you need
3. Use nylon paper or sellotape to wrap and cover the beginning end of the strand.
4. Coil the wrapped end of the strand to form a small circle. Using a thread and needle,
stitch the wrapped end of the strand by inserting and pulling the needle through the
strand. Start stitching from the center as you move outwards.
5. Fasten the loop after the first round by passing the needle from right towards the
left onto the back of the strand.
6. Continue to coil and stitch the strand to make a mat. Add more rope until you get
your desired size of the floor mat.
7. Finish the floor mat by fastening the end of the strand using stitches
8. Display your floor mat

Leatherwork
 Leather work involves using different types of leather materials to make items.
 Leather materials is produced from skin hides of animals.

Page 10 of 10