LANGUAGES, HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CLUSTER

ENGLISH SUB-CLUSTER
SCHOOL YEAR 2021 - 2022

Oral Communication
ENG01
Course Outcome #4

Prepared by:

Consulta, Raymund B.

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NAME: ____________________________________ TEACHER: ________________________

YEAR AND SECTION: _________________________ SCHEDULE: _______________________

Lesson Principles of Speech Writing

11 and Delivery

COURSE OUTCOME BULLETIN

Objective: After completing the course, the learner is expected to demonstrate effective use of
a variety of suitable vocal elements (rate, pitch, and intensity) to heighten and maintain
audience interest and use appropriate non-verbal behavior (physical, spatial, and personal
elements) to support and clarify the message in a variety of speech situations.

Subject Matters:
Lesson 1: Principles of Speech Writing
Lesson 2: Principles of Speech Delivery
Learning Competencies:
I. Employs various communicative strategies in different situations
II. Explains that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy
affects the following:
 Language form
 Duration of interaction
 Relationship of speaker
 Role and responsibilities of the speaker
 Message
 Delivery

Evaluation:
Performance Task: Speech Delivery

Written Work: Speech Writing Worksheet

What do I know? (Pre-test)

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

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1. This is where the explanation of the concept takes place.

a. Body
b. Introduction
c. Conclusion
2. This part of the written speech is where summarization is discussed.
a. Body
b. Introduction
c. Conclusion
3. It is the first step in writing a speech.
a. Knowing the audience
b. Choosing a topic
c. Writing an outline
d. Sourcing the information
4. Which among these logical arrangements divide the ideas into subtopics?
a. Topical
b. Chronological
c. Spatial
d. Cause and Effect
5. What is the next step after choosing a topic?
a. Writing the draft
b. Analyzing the audience
c. Organizing the text
d. Sourcing the information
6. Which among the following is the part of speech where you give the central idea and
finishing touches of your speech?
a. Body
b. Introduction
c. Conclusion
d. None of the above
7. In sourcing the information, which among the following is a source that is not credible
enough?
a. Magazines
b. Newspaper
c. Journals
d. Wikipedia
8. What principle of informative speech makes the audience believe in the speaker?
a. Creativity
b. Credibility
c. Relevance
d. Emphasis
9. What type of informative speech explains the state of the topic?
a. Demonstrative

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b. Explanatory
c. Descriptive
d. Definition
10. What is the function of Manuscript speech if it is used to give detailed and exact
information?
a. Professional Speech
b. Nationwide Speech
c. Publication Speech
d. Formal Speech

What is it?
1. Principles of Speech Writing
When students are asked to deliver a speech, most of them would feel anxious
or terrified. These negative emotions may be anchored in their lack of experience or
confidence in public speaking. However, before being able to deliver a good speech, students
must first be equipped with a deep understanding of the principles of speech writing.

1.1. Conducting Audience Analysis

This includes the analysis of the profile of the target audience. Your speech must be
sensitive, and it should consider the audience (Sipacio & Balgos, 2016) as it is made for them.
The following should be considered in this component (Sipacio & Balgos, 2016, p. 63):

1. Demography- age range, male-female ratio, educational background and affiliations or

degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or incorporate
designations
2. Situation- time, venue, occasion, and size
3. Psychology- values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies, and
needs

1.2. Selecting the Topic

In choosing your topic, it is essential to determine your purpose, whether you want to
inform, persuade, or entertain. Once this is identified, you may proceed with the selection of
the topic that will best fit your purpose and audience. The topic must meet the following
criteria:
A. Relevant
B. Timely
C. Specific

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D. Meaningful
E. Interesting

Examples

1. Impact of online learning on students’ mental health

2. History of Intramuros, Manila

1.3. Sourcing the Information

In this component, you have to ensure that credible sources are used. You may gather
books, journal articles, news articles, conduct interviews with experts, or get testimonies
from people. The data that you will get from these sources will make your speech more
informative, persuasive, or entertaining.

1.4. Outlining and Organizing the Content

Through the organization of your speech, you can increase your speaking
effectiveness (Griffin, 2015; Verderber et al., 2015, as cited in Wood, 2017). With this, it is
vital to remember that a speech must have three parts, namely, introduction, body, and
conclusion. Furthermore, the use of transitions or cohesive devices must also be present.

1.4.1. Writing Patterns

Refer to the table below to see some writing patterns you can use
(Sipacio & Balgos, 2016):

1. Chronological- includes a historical/ time approach like

from the past to the present (Development of Ilocos Region
from Martial Law to the Present)
2. Comparison/ Contrast- talks about comparison/ contrast of
two or more ideas (Living in the province and Manila)
3. Causal - involves a discussion of both
cause and effect of an issue (The
Bushfire in Australia)
4. Problem-Solution- explains a problem and
suggests a possible solution (Enhanced
Community Quarantine)
5. Topical- divides the topic into subtopics based on
importance or interest value

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1.4.2. Structure of the Speech

1.4.2.1. The introduction of your speech serves as your
“first impression” to your audience. This sets the stage and
allows you to “connect your audience to your topic, and
establish your purpose for speaking” (Griffin, 2018, p. 158). The
introduction must have the following:

A. HOOK- is an interesting line that catches the attention of

your audience. You may start with:
● a provocative question
● an interesting anecdote
● a startling statistic
● an outline of your topic’s benefit to your audience
● a dash of humor

B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION- includes the necessary

data that can serve as an overview of your topic. You may
include a short discussion of the status quo. You must
cite your sources here.

C. THESIS STATEMENT- is the backbone of your speech. It

must have three premises. These premises will serve as
the content of each of the paragraphs in the body of your
speech. Note that you must observe parallelism when
you are writing the three premises in your thesis
statement.

Examples

1. Topic: Ways to save the earth

Thesis statement: In order to save the planet,

people must be highly involved in reducing, reusing, and
recycling.
TRY THIS OUT!

2. Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic

Thesis statement:

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1.4.2.2. The body of your speech must contain three

paragraphs. Each paragraph must discuss each premise you have
in your thesis statement. Wood (2017) provided a list of
evidence you can use to support your claims. These are vital in
your speech because these increase the credibility of your
arguments. In using evidence from books, journals, or other
reference sources, always cite the authors. “Remember, citing
the work of others not only enhances your ideas and increases
your credibility, but it is also ethical” (Griffin, 2018, p. 143).

1. Examples- are used to provide detailed descriptions of

situations, individuals, problems, or other phenomena that
can make the content of your speech more personalized
and heighten the interest of your audience.
2. Comparisons- or also known as analogies, allow you to
show connections between or among ideas, processes,
people, situations, or other phenomena.
3. Statistics- is used to summarize quantitative data that
explain many instances of some event, shows relationships
between two or more phenomena (cause or correlation),
and demonstrates trends or patterns.
4. Quotations- may come in the form of testimony. This
involves restating or paraphrasing the words of other
people, such as experts in the field. In using quotations,
always cite your sources. This type of evidence will
increase the credibility of your speech.
5. Visual aids- can be used if you are delivering a prepared
speech. Graphs, charts, or PowerPoint slides may help you
reinforce verbal communication and provide visual
information and appeals.

Examples

1. Topic: Ways to save the earth

Thesis statement: In order to save the planet,

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people must be highly involved in reducing, reusing, and

recycling.
Paragraph 1: Talk
about reducing
Paragraph 2: Talk
about reusing
Paragraph 3: Talk
about recycling
Pattern: ______________
(What do you think is the pattern used in this topic?)
TRY THIS OUT!

2. Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic

Thesis statement:
Paragraph 1:

Paragraph 2:
Paragraph 3:

Pattern:

_____________

1.4.2.3. The last paragraph is the conclusion of your

speech. You may end with (Sipacio and Balgos, 2016, p.

67):

● a restatement of your message (This is important.

Your conclusion should always have a
restatement of your thesis statement.)
● positive examples, encouraging words, or
memorable lines from songs or stories familiar to
your audience

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● a question or series of questions that can make

your audience reflect or ponder

Aside from these, you can also use:

● a call to action

Example

This is how your outline may look like:

Topic:
I. Introduction (one paragraph only)
A. Hook
B. Background Information
1. Sub-subpoint 1
2. Sub-subpoint 2
C. Thesis Statement
II. Body (three paragraphs; one for each
premise)
A. Premise 1
1. Sub-subpoint 1
2. Sub-subpoint 2
3. Sub-subpoint 3 (if needed)
B. Premise 2
1. Sub-subpoint 1
2. Sub-subpoint 2
3. Sub-subpoint 3 (if needed)
C. Premise 3
1. Sub-subpoint 1
2. Sub-subpoint 2
3. Sub-subpoint 3 (if needed)
III. Conclusion (one paragraph only)
A. Restatement of the Thesis
Statement
B. Call to Action

Based on the example shown above, it can be

seen that you may use Roman numerals ( I, II, III, etc.)
for the main points, capital letters ( A, B, C, etc.) for
subpoints, and Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) for sub-
subpoints (Verderber, Sellnow, & Verderber, 2013).

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1.4.3. Use of Transitions

Lastly, you must have good transitions that connect your ideas. Wood (2017)
defined transition as a word, phrase, or sentence that allows the speaker to show the
connection among the ideas in the speech.
Examples

1. moreover, in addition, furthermore, also

2. however, in contrast, despite
3. therefore, and so, for this reason, and as the evidence suggests
4. first, second,... lastly

1.5. Editing/Revising

In this step, you need to correct the errors in “grammar, punctuation, capitalization,
unity, coherence, and others” (Sipacio & Balgos, 2016, p. 67). According to Dlugan (2013, as
cited in Sipacio & Balgos, 2016), there are certain things you need to check before delivering
your speech. Refer to the table below to see the components you need to edit for:

1. Focus- You have to make sure that the content observes coherence. This means that
all sentences and ideas are connected to a central message.
2. Clarity- This means that there is a logical order from one idea to another.
3. Concision- Keep your speech brief and clear by removing irrelevant sentences. Avoid
the use of difficult words. Remember, your speech must be understandable by your
audience.
4. Continuity- Check if the ideas are cohesive. Use transitions to make the flow of your
speech smooth.
5. Variety- Although you have not delivered your speech yet, it is essential that while you
are writing the content, you are already putting notes on the words or sentences in
which you will move or change your voice and facial expressions.
6. Impact and Beauty- To ensure that your audience remembers your speech, use vivid
examples, relevant stories, and strong sentences that will leave a mark on them.

What is it?
II. Principles of Speech Delivery
I didn’t say he stole the money.

Before you start, try saying this sentence in different ways. Put stress on a particular
word and notice how the meaning changes.

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Now that you understand the principles of speech writing, let us proceed to speech
delivery. In this chapter, the components of effective speech delivery are discussed.

2.1. Articulation
Sipacio and Balgos (2016) said that mispronunciation leads to the audience’s
confusion. Although there is no evidence that perfect articulation exists, it is imperative to
enunciate the words correctly so that the sounds will be clear and distinct. Proper
articulation builds your credibility as the speaker.
Record yourself while saying these lines. After that, ask someone to listen to the
recording and instruct them to list the words you have said to see if you have pronounced
them correctly:
Examples

1. I believe...
2. We, as a nation
3. According to research
4. Ladies and gentlemen
5. Let me ask you something

2.2. Vocal Expression

Vocal expression is an essential aspect of effective communication. Without it,
your speech would sound flat since the emotions would not be adequately conveyed.
According to Verderber, Sellnow, and Verderber (2013), “Vocal expression is achieved by
changing your pitch, volume, and rate, stressing certain words; and using pauses

1. Pitch- is the highness or lowness of the sounds produced.

2. Volume- is the loudness or softness of your voice.
3. Rate- is the speed of your delivery.
4. Stress- is the emphasis you put on particular words.
5. Pause- is a moment of silence used to emphasize a significant idea.
strategically” (p. 202).

Wood (2013) said that in delivering a speech, it is important to use paralanguage.

In relation to this, Sipacio and Balgos (2016) focused on voice modulation. They
provided some ways to become an effective speaker.
1. Use a conversational style more often since this sounds more natural.
2. Modulate your voice based on the size of your audience and venue.

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3. Use a variety of speech rates so that you will avoid having a monotonous sound that
bores the audience. However, avoid speaking too fast since this might bring
confusion.
4. Know your pitch well. The modulation of your voice also depends on your pitch.
5. Observe proper pacing, and use pauses. These enable you to highlight the significant
words, phrases, or sentences in your speech.

Record yourself while saying these lines. Use the different components of vocal
expression and see how the meanings change:
Examples

1. I believe...
2. We, as a nation
3. According to research
4. Ladies and gentlemen
5. Let me ask you something

2.3. Stage Presence

The use of facial expressions, gestures, and movements on stage gives the audience
the impression that you “own” the stage. Sipacio and Balgos (2016) defined stage presence
as the way “how they look, stand, walk, use nonverbal cues, act on and off the stage” (p. 84).

2.4. Facial Expressions, Posture, Gestures and Movement

In order to deliver a speech well, you also need to focus on the following (Sipacio &
Balgos, 2016; Verderber, Sellnow, & Verderber 2013):

1. Facial Expressions- are the emotions seen on the face, which are appropriate for the
message. Facial expressions can help bring a speech to life when used by a speaker to
communicate feelings and demonstrate enthusiasm for the speech.
2. Posture- is a way of holding one’s body. Maintain a balanced upright stance to show
more confidence.
3. Gestures- are body movements (hands, head, fingers) that reinforce a verbal message.
Observe if you have mannerisms and avoid them while delivering a speech. Your
awareness of these allows you to control them.
4. Movements- are the changes in body position. You may walk from one point of the
stage to another when you are making transitions in your speech.

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2.5. Audience Rapport

Aside from appropriate facial expressions, proper posture, gestures and
movements, eye contact should also be maintained so that the audience will concentrate
on your speech and feel that they are part of it. Eye contact involves looking at the
audience. Although this is not included in how you present yourself, building audience
rapport increases your ethos or credibility.

Face a mirror while you record yourself saying these lines. Use the different
components of stage presence and see how these add credibility to your speech:

Examples

1. I believe...
2. We, as a nation
3. According to research
4. Ladies and gentlemen
5. Let me ask you something

What’s more?
Assess yourself. List down your strengths and weaknesses in writing and delivering speeches.

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

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What I have learned

Written Work 4 :
Worksheet- Individual Activity

DIRECTIONS: Using the worksheet provided, analyze your audience, choose a topic, gather
references, and write an outline of the content of your speech.

Name:_____________________________________________________

Section:_____________________________ Date:__________________________

Draft #:_________

(WRITE YOUR OUTLINE HERE)

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Name:_____________________________________________________

Section:_____________________________ Date:__________________________

Draft #:_________

___________________________

(TITLE optional)

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What I can do
INSTRUCTIONS AND RUBRICS

PT 4 – Speech Delivery

Detailed Instructions:

1. You will have to write an original speech (based on WW4) that you want to deliver in
front of a live audience via Zoom.
2. Follow the rules in delivering the speech that you have written and be guided by the
rubrics as some of their classmates will be giving feedbacks based on the rubric that is
presented below.
3. The word count of the manuscript that will be used shall not be lower than 400 words
and cannot exceed 800 words
4. Make sure that you provide a title for your manuscript and make sure to start the
speech delivery by mentioning it.
5. The delivery of your manuscript speech is strictly time and will be cut if it exceeds 8
minutes.

Rubric:

Category
Content of the The content of The content of The content of the The content of the
Manuscript the manuscript is the manuscript is manuscript is manuscript is not
original, relevant, original, relevant, original and original.
(35 pts) interesting, and interesting, but relevant, but
contains a fresh talks about a uninteresting and
subject. subject that is also talks about a
already talked subject that is
about. already talked
about.
Eye Contact, Poise Due to practice While the The student makes The speaker
& Body Language and familiarity student may pronunciation seems unprepared
with the speech, stumble, he or errors or become and unpracticed
(30 pts) the speaker she maintains befuddled at one because he or she
provides eye eye contact and point. May use stumbles over
contact and continues on in a words like "um" or many words,
makes only the professional "like." The cannot read the
smallest of errors manner. speaker's words, or has a
like an The speaker's appearance may conversation with

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unnecessary appearance is lack formality him or herself in

hesitation. The professional in because he or she front of the class.
speaker's dress, stance, is fidgeting, not The speaker's
appearance is and gestures. standing up gestures are
professional in straight, or seems distracting. The
dress, stance, insecure. speaker looks
and gestures. The depressed or
student uses apathetic.
their body to
emphasize points
or add meaning.
Voice Intonation The speech is The speech is The speech is The speech is
delivered with delivered with delivered with delivered in a
(25 pts) enthusiasm and enthusiasm but enthusiasm with monotone or
the speaker uses lacks proper zero voice apathetic voice
intonation in voice modulation modulation making with zero
order to therefore missing it obvious that the enthusiasm.
emphasize points some emphasis manuscript is
and add on some parts. plainly being read.
meaning.
Pace The speaker The pace of the The speaker The speaker's pace
varies the pace in speech is easy to maintains a good makes it difficult
(10 pts) order to follow, but may pace that may be a to understand the
emphasize points not vary. tad too slow or too speech because it
and add fast, but may not is too fast.
meaning. vary
understandable to
the audience.
Total: 100 points

Assessment (Post-test)
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
11. This is where the explanation of the concept takes place.
d. Body
e. Introduction
f. Conclusion
12. This part of the written speech is where summarization is discussed.
a. Body
b. Introduction

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c. Conclusion
13. It is the first step in writing a speech.
a. Knowing the audience
b. Choosing a topic
c. Writing an outline
d. Sourcing the information
14. Which among these logical arrangements divide the ideas into subtopics?
a. Topical
b. Chronological
c. Spatial
d. Cause and Effect
15. What is the next step after choosing a topic?
a. Writing the draft
b. Analyzing the audience
c. Organizing the text
d. Sourcing the information
16. Which among the following is the part of speech where you give the central idea and
finishing touches of your speech?
a. Body
b. Introduction
c. Conclusion
d. None of the above
17. In sourcing the information, which among the following is a source that is not credible
enough?
a. Magazines
b. Newspaper
c. Journals
d. Wikipedia
18. What principle of informative speech makes the audience believe in the speaker?
a. Creativity
b. Credibility
c. Relevance
d. Emphasis
19. What type of informative speech explains the state of the topic?
a. Demonstrative
b. Explanatory
c. Descriptive
d. Definition
20. What is the function of Manuscript speech if it is used to give detailed and exact
information?
a. Professional Speech
b. Nationwide Speech

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c. Publication Speech
d. Formal Speech

Answer Key

Answer Card

A
C
B
D
C
B
A
B
C
A

Pre -Test & Post Test

References

Lucas, S. The Art of Public Speaking (13th edition). Chapter 15: Speaking to Inform
Floyd, K. Public Speaking Matters (2nd Edition), Chapter 14: Speak to Inform, Scripted Speaking
(p.342)

Beebe, S. A., & Beebe, S. J. (2006). Public speaking: An audience-‐centered approach (6thed.).
New York: Pearson.Fraleigh, D. M., & Tuman, J. S. (2009). Speak up! An illustrated guide to

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public speaking. New York: Bedford/St. Martins.Koch, A. (2004). Speaking with a purpose (6th
ed.). New York: Pearson.

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