Department of Statistics & Operations Research FYUP Course Structure

Department of Statistics & Operations Research
FYUP Course Structure
Session/year of
Part/Semester
Faculty Code
Introduction
Department
Credits
End Max. No. of
Sessional Course
S.No. Course Code Title of the Course Sem Students (can be
Marks Category
Marks accommodated)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Boys Girls
Stats. &
1 STBSMJ1001 Descriptive Statistics S 70 30 4 I MJC 2022-23 60
O. R.
Analysis of Categorical Data & Stats. &
2 STBSMJ1002 S 70 30 2 I MJC 2022-23 60
Index Numbers O. R.
Stats. &
3 STBSMJ1P01 LAB-I (STBSMJ1001) S 40 60 2 I MJC 2022-23 60
O. R.
Stats. &
4 STBSMN1003 Introduction to Statistics S 70 30 4 I MNC 2022-23 120
O. R.
Stats. &
5 STBSMN1P01 LAB-I (STBSMN1003) S 40 60 2 I MNC 2022-23 120
O. R.
Stats. &
6 STBSGE1004 Statistical Methods S 70 30 4 I GNE 2022-23 40
O. R.
Stats. &
7 STBSMJ2001 Theory of Probability S 70 30 4 II MJC 2022-23 60
O. R.
Stats. &
8 STBSMJ2002 Indian Official Statistics S 70 30 2 II MJC 2022-23 60
O. R.
Stats. &
9 STBSMJ2P02 LAB-II (STBSMJ2001) S 40 60 2 II MJC 2022-23 60
O. R.
Probability and Probability Stats. &
10 STBSMN2003 S 70 30 4 II MNC 2022-23 120
Distributions O. R.
Stats. &
11 STBSMN2P02 LAB-II (STBSMN2003) S 40 60 2 II MNC 2022-23 120
O. R.
Stats. &
12 STBSGE2004 Introductory Probability S 70 30 4 II GNE 2022-23 40
O. R.
Stats. &
13 STBSMJ3001 Statistical Inference S 70 30 4 III MJC 2023-24 60
O. R.
Stats. &
14 STBSMJ3002 Advanced Probability S 70 30 2 III MJC 2023-24 60
O. R.
Stats. &
15 STBSMJ3P03 LAB-III (STBSMJ3001) S 40 60 2 III MJC 2023-24 60
O. R.
Introductory Statistical Stats. &
16 STBSMN3003 S 70 30 4 III MNC 2023-24 120
Inference O. R.
Stats. &
17 STBSMN3P03 LAB-III (STBSMN3003) S 40 60 2 III MNC 2023-24 120
O. R.
Stats. &
18 STBSGE3004 Basics of Statistical Inference S 70 30 4 III GNE 2023-24 40
O. R.
Stats. &
19 STBSVA3005 Basic Statistical Techniques S 70 30 2 III VAC 2023-24 65
O. R.
Data Analysis using Statistical Stats. &
20 STBSVO3006 S 70 30 2 III VOC 2023-24 65
Software O. R.
Stats. &
21 STBSMJ4001 Survey Sampling S 70 30 4 IV MJC 2023-24 60
O. R.
Non-Parametric Methods and Stats. &
22 STBSMJ4002 S 70 30 2 IV MJC 2023-24 60
Sequential Analysis O. R.
Stats. &
23 STBSMJ4P04 LAB-IV (STBSMJ4001) S 40 60 2 IV MJC 2023-24 60
O. R.
Sampling Techniques & Indian Stats. &
24 STBSMN4003 S 70 30 4 IV MNC 2023-24 120
Official Statistics O. R.
Stats. &
25 STBSMN4P04 LAB-IV (STBSMN4003) S 40 60 2 IV MNC 2023-24 120
O. R.
Introduction to Operations Stats. &
26 STBSGE4004 S 70 30 4 IV GNE 2023-24 40
Research O. R.
Statistical Analysis and Stats. &
27 STBSVA4005 S 70 30 2 IV VAC 2023-24 65
Nonparametric Tests O. R.
Stats. &
28 STBMJ5001 Linear Models S 70 30 4 V MJC 2024-25 60
O. R.
Stats. &
29 STBSMJ5002 Operations Research S 70 30 4 V MJC 2024-25 60
O. R.
Stats. &
30 STBSMJ5P05 LAB-V (STBSMJ5001) S 40 60 2 V MJC 2024-25 60
O. R.
Stats. &
31 STBSMJ5P06 LAB-VI (STBSMJ5002) S 40 60 2 V MJC 2024-25 60
O. R.
R and its Applications in Stats. &
32 STBSXO5003 S 70 30 4 V MNO 2024-25 40
Statistics O. R.
Stats. &
33 STBSXO5P01 LAB-I (STBSXO5003) S 40 60 2 V MNO 2024-25 40
O. R.
Stats. &
34 STBSMJ6001 Multivariate Analysis S 70 30 4 VI MJC 2024-25 60
O. R.
Stats. &
35 STBSMJ6002 Design of Experiments S 70 30 4 VI MJC 2024-25 60
O. R.
Stats. &
36 STBSMJ6P07 LAB-VII (STBSMJ6001) S 40 60 2 VI MJC 2024-25 60
O. R.
Stats. &
37 STBSMJ6P08 LAB-VIII (STBSMJ6002) S 40 60 2 VI MJC 2024-25 60
O. R.
Stats. &
38 STBSXO6003 Demography & Vital Statistics S 70 30 4 VI MNO 2024-25 40
O. R.
Stats. &
39 STBSXO6P02 LAB-II (STBSXO6003) S 40 60 2 VI MNO 2024-25 40
O. R.
Statistical Computing Using Stats. &
40 STBSMJ7101 S 70 30 4 VII (H) MJC 2025-26 60
C/C++ Programming O. R.
Stats. &
41 STBSMJ7102 Statistical Quality Control S 70 30 4 VII (H) MJC 2025-26 60
O. R.
Stats. &
42 STBSMJ7P09 LAB-IX (STBSMJ7101) S 40 60 2 VII (H) MJC 2025-26 60
O. R.
Stats. &
43 STBSMJ7P10 LAB-X (STBSMJ7102) S 40 60 2 VII (H) MJC 2025-26 60
O. R.
Research Methodology using R Stats. &
44 STBSMJ7103 S 70 30 2 VII (H) VOC 2025-26 40
Software O. R.
Stats. &
45 STBSMJ7104 Time Series Analysis S 70 30 4 VII (H) GNE 2025-26 40
O. R.
Stats. &
46 STBSMJ7105 Inventory Control S 70 30 4 VII (H) GNE 2025-26 40
O. R.
Stats. &
47 STBSMJ7S01 Seminar S 40 60 4 VII (H) SEM 2025-26
O. R.
Stochastic Process and Queuing VIII Stats. &
48 STBSMJ8101 S 70 30 4 MJC 2025-26 60
Theory (H) O. R.
VIII Stats. &
49 STBSMJ8102 Econometrics S 70 30 4 MJC 2025-26 60
(H) O. R.
VIII Stats. &
50 STBSMJ8P11 LAB-XI (STBSMJ8101) S 40 60 2 MJC 2025-26 60
(H) O. R.
VIII Stats. &
51 STBSMJ8P12 LAB-XII (STBSMJ8102) S 40 60 2 MJC 2025-27 60
(H) O. R.
VIII Stats. &
52 STBSMJ8103 Theory of Reliability S 70 30 4 GNE 2025-26 40
(H) O. R.
VIII Stats. &
53 STBSMJ8D01 Dissertation S 40 60 6 DISS 2025-26
(H) O. R.
Stats. &
54 STBSMJ7105 Advanced Inference S 70 30 4 VII (R) MJC 2025-26 60
O. R.
Stats. &
55 STBSMJ7106 Advanced Operations Research S 70 30 4 VII (R) MJC 2025-26 60
O. R.
Stats. &
56 STBSMJ7P13 LAB-XIII (STBSMJ7106) S 40 60 2 VII (R) MJC 2025-26 60
O. R.
Image Analysis Stats. &
57 STBSMJ7107 S 70 30 4 VII (R) GNE 2025-26 40
O. R.
Optimization using Software Stats. &
58 STBSMJ7108 S 70 30 4 VII (R) GNE 2025-26 40
Packages O. R.
Research Methodology using Stats. &
59 STBSMJ7109 S 70 30 4 VII (R) VOC 2025-26 40
software packages O. R.
Stats. &
60 STBSMJ7D01 Dissertation S 40 60 4 VII (R) DISS 2025-26
O. R.
Bayesian Inference and VIII Stats. &
61 STBSMJ8104 S 70 30 4 MJC 2025-26 60
Survival Analysis (R) O. R.
Advanced Design of VIII Stats. &
62 STBSMJ8105 S 70 30 4 MJC 2025-26 60
Experiments (R) O. R.
VIII Stats. &
63 STBSMJ8P14 LAB-XIV (STBSMJ8105) S 40 60 2 MJC 2025-26 60
(R) O. R.
VIII Stats. &
64 STBSMJ8106 Data Analysis with Python S 70 30 4 MNO 2025-26 40
(R) O. R.
VIII Stats. &
65 STBSMJ8D02 Dissertation S 40 60 8 DISS 2025-26
(R) O. R.
Compiled by National Education Policy (NEP) Cell, Office of the Controller of Examinations
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
B.A. /B.Sc. (Honours) Statistics

I Semester
Course Code- STBSMJ1001
Descriptive Statistics
Credit: 4 Max Marks: 30+70=100

Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of descriptive statistics including
graphics.
Course outcome: On successful completion of this course the students will be able to
 Describe the basic measures of statistics including measures of location, dispersion
and linear regression.
 Interprets summery features of data.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Definition and scope of Statistics, concepts of statistical population and sample from a
population, quantitative and qualitative data, frequency and non-frequency data, scales of
measurement- nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Presentation: tabular and graphical,
including histogram and ogives.
UNIT II
Measures of Central Tendency: mathematical and positional. Measures of Dispersion: range,
quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Moments,
absolute moments, factorial moments, skewness and kurtosis, Sheppard’s corrections, box
plot.
UNIT III
Bivariate data: Scatter diagram, Product moment correlation coefficient and its properties.
Correlation ratio, Rank correlation including repeated ranks. Multiple and partial correlation
(3 variables only).
UNIT IV
Concept of regression, Simple and multiple regression, principle of least squares, residuals
and their properties and fitting of linear regressions, polynomials, exponential and power
curves.
Suggested Reading:
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. (2002): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I & II,
8th Edn. The World Press, Kolkata.
2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.
3. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
3rd Edn., (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

I Semester
Analysis of Categorical Data and Index Numbers

Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of categorical data and index numbers.
Course outcomes: On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to
 To analyse categorical data.
 Describe various measures of index numbers.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Attributes, types of attributes, classes and class frequencies, order of classes and class
frequencies and relations between class frequencies for two and three attributes.
UNIT II
Consistency and conditions of consistency of data. Independence and association of
attributes. Yule’s coefficient of association and coefficient of colligation.
UNIT III
Index Numbers: Definition, construction of index numbers, weighted and unweighted index
numbers. Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Edgeworth-Marshall and Fisher’s index numbers. Time and
factor reversal tests & circular test.
UNIT IV
Chain index numbers, conversion of fixed based to chain based index numbers and vice-
versa. Consumer price index numbers, Wholesale price index number and index of industrial
production.
Suggested Reading:
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22


I Semester
Course Code – STBSMJ1P01
LAB –I (STBSMJ1001) Descriptive Statistics
List of Practical
1. Graphical representation of data.
2. Problems based on measures of central tendency.
3. Problems based on measures of dispersion.
4. Problems based on combined mean and variance and coefficient of variation.
5. Problems based on moments, skewness and kurtosis.
6. Fitting of polynomials, exponential curves.
7. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient.
8. Correlation coefficient for a bivariate frequency distribution.
9. Lines of regression, angle between lines and estimated values of variables.
10. Spearman rank correlation with and without ties.
11. Partial and multiple correlations.
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22
B.A. /B.Sc.(Honours) Statistics
I Semester
Course Code- STBSMN1003
Introduction to Statistics
Credit: 4 Max Marks: 30+70 =100
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of descriptive statistics, including

graphics.
Course outcome: On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to
 Describe the basic measures of statistics, including measures of location, dispersion
Syllabus
UNIT I
Statistical Methods: Definition and scope of Statistics, concepts of statistical population and
sample. Data: quantitative and qualitative, attributes, scales of measurement- nominal,
ordinal, interval and ratio. Presentation: tabular and graphical, including histogram and
ogives, consistency and independence of data with special reference to attributes.
UNIT II
quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, moments,
skewness and kurtosis, box plot.
UNIT III
Bivariate data: Definition, scatter diagram, simple, partial and multiple correlation (3
variables only), rank correlation. Simple linear regression, principle of least squares and
fitting of polynomials and exponential curves.
UNIT IV
Index Numbers: Definition, construction of index numbers and problems thereof for
weighted and unweighted index numbers including Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Edgeworth-
Marshall and Fisher’s. Chain index numbers, conversion of fixed based to chain based index
numbers and vice-versa.
Suggested Reading:

I Semester
Course Code – STBSMN1P01
LAB–I (STBSMN1003) Introduction to Statistics
List of Practical
1. Graphical representation of data.
2. Problems based on measures of central tendency.
3. Problems based on measures of dispersion.
4. Problems based on combined mean and variance and coefficient of variation.
5. Problems based on moments, skewness and kurtosis.
6. Fitting of polynomials, exponential curves.
7. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient.
8. Correlation coefficient for a bivariate frequency distribution.
9. Spearman rank correlation with and without ties.
10. Partial and multiple correlations.
11. To calculate price and quantity index numbers using simple and weighted average of
price relatives.
12. To calculate the Chain Base index numbers.
I-Semester
Course Code- STBSGE1004
Statistical Methods
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of statistical methods, including

graphics.
 Describe the basic measures of statistics, including measures of location, dispersion
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction: Definition and scope of Statistics, concepts of statistical population and sample.
Data: quantitative and qualitative, attributes, variables, scales of measurement - nominal,
ordinal, interval and ratio. Presentation: tabular and graphic, including histogram and ogives.
UNIT II
quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, moments,
skewness and kurtosis.
UNIT III
Bivariate data: Definition, scatter diagram, simple, partial and multiple correlation (3
variables only), rank correlation. Simple linear regression, principle of least squares and
fitting of polynomials and exponential curves.
UNIT IV
Theory of attributes: consistency of data, independence and association of attributes,
measures of association and contingency.
Suggested Reading:
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. (2002): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I
& II, 8th Edn. The World Press, Kolkata.
2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics
with Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.
3. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, 3rd Edn., (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

II Semester
Course Code-STBSMJ2001
Theory of Probability

Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of probability and probability
distributions.
 Describe the discrete and continuous probability distributions.
 Interpret the shape of probability distributions.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Probability: Introduction, random experiments, sample space, events and algebra of events.
Definitions of Probability – classical, statistical and axiomatic. Conditional Probability, laws
of addition and multiplication, independent events, theorem of total probability. Bayes’
theorem and its applications.
UNIT II
Random variables: discrete and continuous random variables, probability mass function
(pmf), probability density function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function (cdf),
illustrations and properties of cdf, univariate transformations with illustrations.
UNIT III
Mathematical Expectation and Generating Functions: Expectation of single random variables
and its properties. Moments and Cumulants, moment generating function, cumulant
generating function and characteristic function. Uniqueness and inversion theorems (without
proof) along with applications.
UNIT IV
Standard probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, geometric, negative binomial,
hypergeometric, uniform, normal, exponential, beta and gamma along with their properties
and limiting/approximation cases.
Suggested Reading:
1. Hogg, R.V., Tanis, E.A. and Rao J.M. (2009): Probability and Statistical Inference,
Seventh Ed, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
3. Meyer, P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Oxford & IBH
Publishing, New Delhi
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

II Semester
Indian Official Statistics
Credit: 2 Max Marks:30+70=100
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of Indian official statistical system.
demonstrate an understanding of the Indian official statistical system
Syllabus
UNIT I
Present official statistical system in India, Methods of collection of official statistics, Need,
Uses, Users, Reliability, Relevance, Limitations, Transparency, its visibility.
UNIT II
Role of Ministry of Statistics & Program Implementation (MoSPI), Central Statistical Office
(CSO), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Office of Registrar General of India and
National Statistical Commission.
UNIT III
Government of India’s Principal publications containing data on the topics such as
Agriculture, price, population, industry, finance and employment.
UNIT IV
National Statistical Commission: Need, Constitution, its role, functions etc; Legal Acts/
Provisions/ Support for Official Statistics; Important Acts Important Surveys & Census,
Indicators, Agencies and Usages etc.
Recommended Books (Text and Reference)

1. Guide to current Indian Official Statistics, Central Statistical Organization , GOI,
New Delhi.
2. Saluja, M.P. (1972): Indian official statistical systems, Statistical Pub. Society,
Calcutta
3. Asha A. Bhende (1997): Principles of Population Studies.
4. K. Srinivasan (2011): Training Manual on Demographic Techniques.
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

II Semester
Course Code- STBSMJ2P02
LAB-II (STBSMJ2001) Theory of Probability
List of Practical
1. Problems based on Probability
2. Problems on Bayes’ Theorem
3. Problem on distribution function
4. Problem on moments
5. Application problems based on binomial distribution
6. Fitting of binomial distributions
7. Application problems based on Poisson distribution
8. Fitting of Poisson distributions
9. Application problems based on negative binomial distribution
10. Fitting of negative binomial distribution
11. Problems based on area property of normal distribution
12. Fitting of normal distribution
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

II Semester
Probability and Probability Distributions
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of probability and probability

distributions.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Random experiment, trial, sample space, event, the concept of mutually exclusive, exhaustive
and equally likely events. Definition of probability (classical, statistical and axiomatic).
Properties of probability, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, conditional
probability and independent events. Bayes’ theorem and its applications.
UNIT II
Random variables: discrete and continuous random variables, probability mass function,
probability density function and cumulative distribution function and its properties (without
proof). univariate transformations with illustrations.
UNIT III
Expectation of random variables with properties. Moments, Moment generating function and
characteristic function. Uniqueness and inversion theorems (without proof) along with
applications.
UNIT IV
Discrete and continuous probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, geometric, negative
binomial, uniform, normal, exponential and gamma distributions along with their properties.
Suggested Reading:
Seventh Ed,
Pearson Education, New Delhi.

II Semester
Course Code- STBSMN2P02
LAB-II (STBSMN2003) Probability and Probability Distributions
List of Practical
1. Problems based on Probability
2. Problems on Bayes’ Theorem
3. Problem on distribution function
4. Problem on moments
5. Application problems based on binomial distribution
6. Fitting of binomial distributions
7. Application problems based on Poisson distribution
8. Fitting of Poisson distributions
9. Application problems based on negative binomial distribution
10. Fitting of negative binomial distribution
11. Problems based on area property of normal distribution
12. Fitting of normal distribution
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

II-Semester
Introductory Probability
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of probability theory.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Probability: Introduction, random experiments, sample space, events and algebra of events.
Definitions of Probability – classical, statistical and axiomatic. Conditional Probability, laws
of addition and multiplication, independent events, theorem of total probability, Bayes’
theorem and its applications.
UNIT II
Random Variables: Discrete and continuous random variables, p.m.f., p.d.f. , c.d.f.
Illustrations of random variables and its properties. Expectation, variance, moments and
moment generating function.
UNIT III
Convergence in probability, almost sure convergence, Chebyshev’s inequality, weak law of
large numbers, De-Moivre Laplace and Lindeberg-Levy Central Limit Theorem (C.L.T.).
UNIT IV
Standard probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, geometric, negative binomial,
hypergeometric, uniform, normal, exponential, gamma.
Suggested Reading:
Seventh Ed, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics
with Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.
3. Meyer, P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Oxford &
IBH Publishing, New Delhi
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

III Semester
Statistical Inference

Course objectives: To Introduce the basic elements of statistical inference
 Describe the methods of estimation and hypothesis testing.
 Apply these methods in real-life applications.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Concept of estimation, unbiasedness, consistency, sufficiency, C.R. inequality and efficiency,
minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE), completeness. Examples based on normal,
binomial, Poisson, geometric, uniform, exponential and gamma distributions.
UNIT II
Methods of Estimation: Method of moments, method of maximum likelihood (MLE)
(statement of properties of MLE) and method of minimum Chi-square and interval
estimation: Concepts of confidence interval and confidence-coefficient.
UNIT III
Testing of Hypotheses: Statistical hypotheses, null and alternative hypotheses, simple and
composite hypotheses, critical region, error of type I and type II, size and power of a test and
p-value. Test of significance based on normal distribution (tests for single proportion,
difference of two proportions, single mean and difference of two means).
UNIT IV
Student t-distribution, test of single mean, difference of two means, paired t-test, test for
sample correlation coefficient. Tests based on Chi-square distribution and F-distribution.
Suggested Reading:
1. Mood, Graybill and Boes: Introduction to Theory of Statistics.
2. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B.: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I.
3. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoo,r V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics.
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

III Semester
Advanced Probability

Course objectives: To introduce the advanced concepts of probability.
 Describe the sampling distributions of various statistics like χ2, t, F
 Interpret the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem.
UNIT I
Limit laws: convergence in probability, convergence in distribution and their inter relations,
Chebyshev’s inequality, W.L.L.N. and their applications, De-Moivre Laplace theorem,
Central Limit Theorem (C.L.T.) for i.i.d. variates, applications of C.L.T.
UNIT II
Two dimensional random variables: discrete and continuous type, joint, marginal and
conditional p.m.f, p.d.f., and c.d.f., independence of random variables and conditional
expectations, Bivariate normal distribution.
UNIT III
Distributions of functions of random variable . Definition and derivation of p.d.f. of χ 2
using m.g.f., nature of probability curve for different degrees of freedom, mean, variance,
m.g.f., additive property and limiting form of χ 2 distribution.
UNIT IV
Student’s t-distribution, Derivation of its p.d.f., nature of probability curve with different
degrees of freedom, mean, variance, moments and limiting form of t distribution.
Snedecore's F-distribution: Derivation of p.d.f., nature of probability curve with different
degrees of freedom, mean, variance and mode.
Suggested Reading:
1. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2003): An Outline of Statistical Theory,
Vol. I, 4th Edn. World Press, Kolkata.
2. Rohatgi V. K. and Saleh, A.K. Md. E. (2009): An Introduction to Probability and
Statistics. 2nd Edn. (Reprint) John Wiley and Sons.
3. Hogg, R.V. and Tanis, E.A. (2009): A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics. Pearson
Education.
4. Johnson, R.A. and Bhattacharya, G.K. (2001): Statistics-Principles and Methods, 4th
Edn.John Wiley and Sons.
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22
B.A/B. Sc. (Honours) Statistics

III Semester
15 LAB–III (STBSMJ3001) Statistical Inference
Credit 2 Max Marks: 60+40=100
List of Practical
1. Problems based on unbiased estimators
2. Problems based on consistent estimators and efficient estimators.
3. Problems based on maximum likelihood estimation
4. Problems based on method of moments and minimum Chi-square
5. Testing of significance for single proportion and difference of two proportions
6. Testing of significance for single mean and difference of two means and paired
tests.
7. Testing of significance for difference of two standard deviations.
8. Testing of goodness of fit.
9. Testing of independence of attributes.
10. Testing based on 2 x 2 contingency table without and with Yates’ corrections.
11. Testing of significance of an observed sample correlation coefficient.
12. Testing of equality of two population variances
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22

III Semester
Introductory Statistical Inference

Syllabus
UNIT I
Requirements of a good estimator: unbiasedness, consistency, sufficiency, C.R. inequality
(without proof) and efficiency. Examples based on normal, binomial, Poisson, geometric,
uniform, exponential and gamma distributions.
UNIT II
Methods of Estimation: Method of moments, method of maximum likelihood (statement of
properties of MLE), method of minimum Chi-square and and modified minimum chi-square.
Concepts of confidence interval and confidence-coefficient.
UNIT III
Statistical hypotheses, null and alternative hypotheses, simple and composite hypotheses,
critical region, error of type I and type II, size and power of a test and p-value. Test of
significance based on normal distribution (tests for single proportion, difference of two
proportions, single mean and difference of two means).
UNIT IV
Test based on t-distribution, Test of single mean, difference of two means, paired t-test, test
for sample correlation coefficient. Tests based on Chi-square distribution and test based on F-
distribution for the equality of two population variances.
Suggested Reading:
1. Mood, Graybill and Boes: Introduction to Theory of Statistics.
2. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B.: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I.
3. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoo,r V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics.
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22
B.A/B. Sc. (Honours) Statistics

III Semester
Course Code – STBSMJ3P03
LAB–III (STBSMJ3003) Introductory Statistical Inference
15
List of Practical
1. Problems based on unbiased estimators
2. Problems based on consistent estimators and efficient estimators.
3. Problems based on maximum likelihood estimation
4. Problems based on the method of moments and minimum Chi-square
5. Testing of significance for a single proportion and difference of two proportions
6. Testing of significance for single mean and difference of two means and paired
tests.
7. Testing of significance for difference of two standard deviations.
8. Testing of the goodness of fit.
9. Testing of independence of attributes.
10. Testing based on 2 x 2 contingency table without and with Yates’ corrections.
11. Testing of the significance of an observed sample correlation coefficient.
12. Testing of equality of two population variances
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22
III-Semester
Basics of Statistical Inference

Syllabus
UNIT I
Estimation of population mean, confidence intervals for the parameters of a normal
distribution (one sample and two sample problems). The basic idea of significance test .Null
and alternative hypothesis. Type I & type II errors, level of significance, concept of p-value.
Tests of hypotheses for the parameters of a normal distribution (one sample and two sample
problems).
UNIT II
Categorical data: Tests of proportions, tests of association and goodness-of-fit using Chi-
square test, Yates’ correction.
UNIT III
Tests for the significance of correlation coefficient. Sign test for median, Sign test for
symmetry, Wilcoxon two-sample test.
UNIT IV
Analysis of variance, one-way and two-way classification. Brief exposure of three basic
principles of design of experiments, treatment, plot and block. Analysis of completely
randomized design, randomized block design.
Suggested Reading:
1. Daniel, Wayne W.: Bio-statistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health
Sciences.John Wiley (2005).
2. Goon, A.M., Gupta M.K. & Das Gupta: Fundamentals of statistics, Vol.-I & II
(2005).
3. Dass, M. N. & Giri, N. C.: Design and analysis of experiments. John Wiley.
4. Dunn, O.J: Basic Statistics: A primer for the Biomedical Sciences. (1964, 1977) by
John Wiley.
5. Bancroft, Holdon: Introduction to Bio-Statistics (1962) P.B. Hoebar New York.
6. Goldstein, A: Biostatistics-An introductory text (1971). The Macmillan, New York.
B.A. /B.Sc./ B.Com. (Honours) Statistics

III-Semester(VAC)
Course Code- STBSVA3005
Basic Statistical Techniques
Course objectives: To introduce the concept of statistics, probability and testing of hypothesis.
Course outcome: On successful completion of this course, the students will be able understand
basic statistical techniques, probability concepts and testing of statistical hypothesis.
Syllabus
Unit I: Measures of Central Tendency: mean, median and mode. Measures of Dispersion: Range,
quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation and variance. Coefficient of variation,
skewness and kurtosis.
Unit II: Probability: Introduction, random experiments, sample space, and events. Counting
techniques. Definitions of probability. Conditional Probability. Laws of addition and
multiplication. Independence of events. Bayesian probability and its applications.
Unit III: Correlation and Regression Analysis: Scatter diagram, Karl Pearson and Spearman
correlations. Concept of partial and multiple correlations. Simple linear regression analysis.
Applications of correlation and regression analysis in real life problems.
Unit IV: Testing of Statistical Hypotheses: Null and alternative hypotheses, simple and composite
hypotheses, critical region, type I and type II errors, size and power of a test. Concept of p-value.
Test of significance based on normal, t, chi-square and F tests.
Suggested Reading:
8th Edn.The World Press, Kolkata.
Publishing,New Delhi
4. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2016): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. Sultan
Chand &Sons, New Delhi.
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS & OPERATIONS
RESEARCH ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
B.A. /B.Sc./B.Com. (Honours)
III Semester (VOC)
Course Code –STBSVO3006
Data Analysis using Statistical Software
Course objectives: To introduce the basic of data types, sampling techniques and data analysis using
statistical software.
Course outcome: On successful completion of this course, the students will be able understand basic
statistical analysis techniques and usage of statistical software.
Syllabus
Unit I: Data types – qualitative and quantitative data. Nominal, ordinal, discrete and continuous data.
Scale of measurement – ratio and interval scales. Organization and tabular presentation of
data. Graphical presentation using bar graph, histogram, boxplot, stem and leaf and pie chart.
Unit II: Sampling Techniques - Population, sample, parameter and statistic. Sample and census
survey. Advantages of sampling over census. Sampling frame, sampling and non-sampling
errors. Determination of sample size. Non-probability and probability sampling techniques -
convenience sampling, quota sampling, judgement sampling, snowball sampling, simple random
sampling, stratified random sampling and systematic sampling. Procedure, advantages and
disadvantages of above sampling techniques.
Unit III: Data analysis using SPSS: Creation of data file, defining and inserting variables,
computing new variable, finding missing value, detection of outliers and checking for
normality of data. Summarizing data – descriptive statistics, frequencies and cross tabulation.
Creating graphs – bar graph, histogram, scatter plot, pie chart etc.
Unit IV: Data analysis using Minitab: Creation of data file, defining variables and entering data,
detection of outliers and checking for normality of data. Summarizing data – descriptive
statistics, frequencies and cross tabulation. Creating graphs – bar graph, histogram, scatter plot, pie
chart etc.
Suggested Reading:
2. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. (2002): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I & II, 8th
Edn. The World Press, Kolkata.
3. IBM SPSS Statistics Guide.
4. Getting Started with Minitab Statistical Software: A User Guide.
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22
IV Semester
Survey Sampling

Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of sample surveys.
 Describe the various methods of sample selection.
 Apply the sample survey methodology in real-life applications
Syllabus
UNIT I
Concept of sample and population, complete enumeration versus sampling, sampling and
non-sampling errors, requirements of a good sample, simple random sampling with and
without replacement, estimates of the population mean, total and proportion, variances of
these estimates, and estimates of theses variances and sample size determination.
.
UNIT II
Stratified random sampling, estimates of the population mean and total, variances of these
estimates, proportional and optimum allocations and their comparison with SRS. Systematic
Sampling, estimates of the population mean and total, variances of these estimates.
UNIT III
Ratio and regression methods of estimation, estimates of the population mean and total (for
SRS of large size), variances of these estimates and estimates of theses variances, variances
in terms of the correlation coefficient between X and Y for regression method and their
comparison with SRS.
UNIT IV
Cluster sampling: Estimation of population mean and their variances based on cluster of
equal and unequal sizes. Variances in terms of intra-class correlation coefficient.
Determination of optimum cluster size.
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K.Dasgupta B (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol.2), Word

Press
2. Murthy M.N. (1977): Sampling Theory & Statistical Methods, Statistical Pub. Society,
Calcutta
3. Des Raj and Chandhok P.(1998): Sample Survey Theory, Narosa Publishing House.
4. Cochran W.G (1984): Sampling Techniques( 3rd Ed.), Wiley Eastern
5. Mukhopadhyay P.(1998): Theory and Methods of Survey Sampling, Prenctice Hall
B.A. /B. Sc. (Honours) Statistics

IV Semester
Non-Parametric Methods and Sequential Analysis

Course objectives: To introduce the basic concepts of non-parametric inference and
sequential analysis.
 Describe the techniques and methods of non-parametric inference.
 Apply the methodologies of non-parametric inference in data analysis.
 Describe the techniques and methods of sequential analysis.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Order Statistics: Definition and distribution of the rth order statistic, smallest and largest
order statistics. Joint distribution of rth and sth order statistics, distribution of range.
UNIT II
Nonparametric Tests: Empirical distribution function, Test for randomness based on total
number of runs, sign test, signed rank test. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Wilcoxon-Mann-
Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test.
UNIT III
Sequential Analysis: Sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for simple vs simple
hypotheses. Fundamental relations among α, β, A and B, determination of A and B in
practice.
UNIT IV
Wald’s fundamental identity and the derivation of operating characteristics (OC) and average
sample number (ASN) functions, examples based on normal, Poisson, binomial and
exponential distributions.
Suggested Readings:
1. Rohatgi V. K. (1988) An Introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical

Statistics, John Wiley
2. Goon, A.M., Gupta,M.K. & Dasgupta, B (2005): An Outline of Statistical Theory,
Vol-II
3. Kale, B.K. (1999): A first Course on Parametric Inference, Narosa Publishing House.
4. Gibbons, J. D. and Chakraborty, S (2003): Nonparametric Statistical Inference, 4 th
Edition, Marcel Dekker, CRC
Appendix D
B.O.S. 22.06.22
B. Sc. (Honours) Statistics

IV Semester
LAB–IV (STBSMJ4001) Survey Sampling
15
List of Practical
1. Drawing a simple random sample of different sizes from the population
2. Obtaining an estimate of the population mean under SRS
3. Finding an estimate of the Variance of the population under SRS
4. Preparation of different strata and stratums in Stratified sampling
5. the estimate of the population mean under Stratified sampling using Neyman
allocation
6. Obtaining an estimate of the population variance mean under Stratified sampling
using Neyman allocation
7. Calculating an estimate of the population mean under Stratified sampling using
Proportional allocation
8. Finding an estimate of the population variance under Stratified sampling using
9. Obtaining an estimate of the Variance of the population under Stratified sampling
10. Finding an estimate of the population mean under Systematic Sampling
11. Calculating an estimate of the population variance under Systematic Sampling
12. Obtaining an estimate of the population mean under the Ratio and regression method
of sampling
13. Calculating an estimate of the population variance under Ratio and regression
methods of sampling.
IV Semester
Course Code STBSMN4003
Sampling Techniques & Indian Official Statistics
Credit 4 Max. Marks 30+70 =100

Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of sampling techniques and Indian
official statistical system.
Course outcomes: On successful completion of this course the students will be able to
 Describe the various methods of sample selection.
 Apply the sample survey methodology in real life applications
 Demonstrate the understanding of Indian official statistical system
Syllabus
UNIT I
Concept of sample and population, complete enumeration versus sampling, sampling and
non-sampling errors, requirements of a good sample, simple random sampling with and
without replacement, estimates of population mean, total and proportion, variances of these
estimates, and estimates of theses variances and sample size determination.
.
UNIT II
Stratified random sampling, estimates of population mean and total, variances of these
estimates, proportional and optimum allocations and their comparison with SRS. Systematic
Sampling, estimates of population mean and total, variances of these estimates.
UNIT III
Ratio and regression methods of estimation, estimates of population mean and total (for SRS
of large size), variances of these estimates and estimates of theses variances, variances in
terms of correlation coefficient between X and Y for regression method and their comparison
with SRS.
UNIT IV
Present official statistical system in India, Methods of collection of official statistics, their
reliability and limitations. Principal publications containing data on the topics such as
population, industry and finance. Various official agencies responsible for data collection and
their main functions.

1. Murthy M.N. (1977): Sampling Theory & Statistical Methods, Statistical Pub.
Society, Calcutta
2. Des Raj and Chandhok P.(1998): Sample Survey Theory, Narosa Publishing House.
3. Cochran W.G (1984):Sampling Techniques( 3rd Ed.), Wiley Eastern
4. Mukhopadhyay P.(1998): Theory and Methods of Survey Sampling, Prenctice Hall
5. Guide to current Indian Official Statistics, Central Statistical Organization , GOI,New
Delhi.
6. Saluja, M.P.(1972): Indian official statistical systems, Statistical Pub. Society,Calcutta
B. Sc. (Honours) Statistics

IV Semester
Course Code- STBSMN4P04
LAB–IV (STBSMN4003) Sampling Techniques & Indian Official Statistics
15
List of Practical
1. Drawing a simple random sample of different sizes from the population
2. Obtaining an estimate of the population mean under SRS
3. Finding an estimate of Variance of the population under SRS
4. Preparation of different strata and stratums in Stratified sampling
5. the estimate of the population mean under Stratified sampling using Neyman
allocation
6. Obtaining an estimate of the population variance mean under Stratified sampling
using Neyman allocation
7. Calculating an estimate of the population mean under Stratified sampling using
8. Finding an estimate of the population variance under Stratified sampling using
9. Obtaining an estimate of the Variance of the population under Stratified sampling
10. Finding an estimate of the population mean under Systematic Sampling
11. Calculating an estimate of the population variance under Systematic Sampling
12. Obtaining an estimate of the population mean under Ratio and regression method of
sampling
13. Calculating an estimate of the population variance under Ratio and regression
methods of sampling.
14. Preparation/understanding of Zero schedules and Questionnaires used in Official
Statistics by MOSPI

IV Semester
Introduction to Operations Research
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of operations research
 Understand the fundamentals of operations research.
 Apply the results of transportation problems, game theory, etc in the real life
applications.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction to Operations Research, phases of O.R., model building, various types of O.R.
problems. Linear Programming Problem, Mathematical formulation of the L.P.P, graphical
solutions of a L.P.P.
UNIT II
Optimum solution to a L.P.P: Simplex method, concept of artificial variables and Charne’s
big M-technique. Graphically identifying special cases of L.P.P, Concept of duality in L.P.P.
UNIT III
Transportation Problem: Initial solution by North West corner rule, Least cost method and
Vogel’s approximation method (VAM), MODI’s method to find the optimal solution.
Assignment problem: Hungarian method to find optimal assignment.
UNIT IV
Game theory: Rectangular game, minimax-maximin principle, solution to rectangular game
using graphical method, dominance property to reduce the game matrix
and solution to rectangular game with mixed strategy. Networking: Shortest route problem
Suggested Reading:
th
1. Taha, H. A. (2007): Operations Research: An Introduction, 8 Edition, Prentice
Hall of India.
th
2. Swarup Kanti, Gupta, P.K. and Manmohan (2007): Operations Research, 13 Edition,
Sultan Chand and Sons.
3. Ravindran, A, Phillips, D.T., Solberg,J.J.(2005): Operations Research- Principles and
Practice, John Wiley & Sons.
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS & OPERATIONS
RESEARCH ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
B.A. /B.Sc./B.Com. (Honours)
IV Semester (VAC)
Course Code – STBSVA4005
Statistical Analysis and Nonparametric Tests
Course objectives: To introduce the basic of statistical methods- distributions free tests, ANOVA,
Factorial experiments and their concepts and applications to various real world problems.
Course outcome: On successful completion of this course, the students will be able understand basic
of statistical methods with their applications with usage of statistical software.
Syllabus
Unit I: Hypothesis testing, Basic Ideas, Standard Deviation, Mean square Errors, One-Way ANOVA
and Two-Way ANOVA and their applications.
Unit II: Three principles of design of experiments, Complete Randomized Design (CRD),
Randomized Block design (RBD), Factorial experiment, 22 and 23 designs and their applications.
Unit III: Parametric vs Non Parametric Tests, Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonparametric tests,
Use of Nonparametric tests, Types of Non Parametric Tests, One sample problem: Sign test, signed
rank test, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, Test of independence (run test).
Unit IV: Two sample problem: Wilcoxon-MannWhitney test, Median test, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test,
run test, Non-parametric scale tests: Ansari-Bradely test, Mood test, Kendall's Tautest, test of
randomness.
Suggested Reading:
3. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2008): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S. Chand & Sons.
4. Conover, W.J. : Practical Nonparametric Statistics, Wiley series.
5. R. Lyman Ott and Michael Longnecker (2001): An Introduction to Statistical Methods and
Data Analysis, Fifth Edition, Thomson Learning, Inc.

V Semester
Course Code- STBMJ5001
Linear Models
Course objectives: To introduce the concepts of linear models.
Course outcomes: On successful completion of this course, the students should be well versed with:
Theory and estimation of Linear Models, Gauss-Markov Theorem and its use, Simple and
Multiple linear regression models and their applications, Model fitting, derivation of
confidence and prediction intervals, Techniques of Analysis of Variance and Covariance
under fixed effects model, Quality of the fit using classical diagnostics, outliers, remedial
measures for violations of the classical assumptions.
The sound scientific interpretation of the results for applications in the fields of design of
experiments and econometrics.
Syllabus
UNIT I : Simple Linear Regression Model: Estimation of parameters, Properties of estimates,
Estimation of error variance, Coefficient of determination, Lack of fit test in simple linear
regression model, Hypothesis testing on the slope and intercept, Interval estimation for the slope
and intercept, Prediction of new observations.
UNIT II: Multiple Linear Regression Model: Concept of model matrix and its use in estimation,
Gauss-Markov theorem for full rank case, Parametric function, Contrast, Elementary contrast,
Orthogonal contrast, Estimable function, Gauss-Markov theorem for non-full rank case.
Confidence Interval for the ith regression coefficient, Hypothesis testing for the ith regression
coefficient.
UNIT III: Analysis of variance: Definitions of fixed, random and mixed effect models, analysis
of variance and covariance in one-way classified data for fixed effect models, analysis of
variance and covariance in two-way classified data with one observation per cell for fixed effect
models.
UNIT IV: Diagnostics: Violation of usual assumptions concerning normality, homoscedasticity
and collinearity; Residuals, Outliers, Diagnostics using quantile-quantile plots, Model
misspecification, Bias in regression estimates.
Suggested Reading:
1. Montgomery, D. C., Peck, E. A. and Vining, G. G. (2012): Introduction to Linear

Regression Analysis (Fifth edition), Wiley.
2. Rencher, A. C. And Schaalje, G. B. (2008): Linear Models in Statistics (Second edition),
John Wiley and Sons.
3. Weisberg, S. (2013): Applied Linear Regression (Fourth edition), Wiley.
4. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2014): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4 th Edition,
Sultan Chand & Sons.
5. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2016): Fundamentals of Statistics. Vol. II,
World Press, Kolkata.
B.A. /B.Sc. (Honours) Statistic)

V Semester
Operations Research

Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of Operations Research
 Understand the fundamentals of Operations Research.
 Apply the methods & results of LPPs, ILPPs, transportation problems, assignment
problems, game theory, etc in the real life applications.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction to Operations Research, phases of O.R., model building, various types of O.R.
problems. Convex sets and convex functions, Convex Hull, Hyper plane. Linear Programming
Problems, Formulations, Methods: graphical solutions, Simplex method and its properties
Artificial variable techniques-Charne's Big M and Two-Phase Methods.
UNIT II
Concept and applications of Duality in L.P.P. and Rules of forming dual and dual simplex
method. Introduction to Integer Linear Programming Problem (ILPP), ILPP Formulations,
Cutting Plan Methods: Fractional cut and Mixed Integer Cut.
UNIT III
Transportation Problem: Mathematical Formulation, Initial solution by North West corner rule,
Least Cost Method and Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM), MODI’s method for testing
optimality, special cases of transportation problem. Assignment problem: Hungarian method to
find optimal assignment, special cases of assignment problem.
UNIT IV
Game theory: Rectangular game, pure and mixed strategies, minimax-maximin principle, solution
to rectangular game using graphical method, dominance and modified dominance property to
reduce the game matrix and solution to rectangular game with mixed strategy. Equivalence
between game theory and LPP.
Suggested Reading:
1. Taha, H. A. (2009): Operations Research: An Introduction, Prentice Hall of India.
2. A. Ravindaran, Don T. Philips and J.J.Soleberg (2007): Operations Research: Principles and
Practice, 2nd ed., Wiley.
3. Kanti S., Gupta, P.K. and Manmohan (2007): Operations Research, 13th Ed. S. Chand & Sons.
4. Hadley, G: (2002): Linear Programming, Narosa Publications
5. Hillier, F.A and Lieberman, G.J. (2010): Introduction to Operations Research, 9th Ed., Tata
McGraw Hill
6. Salkin, H.M. (1975): Integer Programming, Addison Wesley.
DEPARTMENT OF STATISITICS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH
B.A./B.Sc.(Honours) Statistics
V Semester
Course Code STBSMJ5P05
LAB-V (STBSMJ5001) Linear Models
List of Practical:
1. Prediction equation for the given data.

2. Fit Simple Linear Regression Model and check the lack of fit.
3. Estimation of error variance.
4. Coefficient of determination.
5. Hypothesis testing on the slope when population variance is known.
6. Hypothesis testing on the slope when population variance is unknown.
7. Hypothesis testing on the intercept when population variance is known.
8. Hypothesis testing on the intercept when population variance is unknown.
9. Confidence interval for the slope when population variance is known.
10. Confidence interval for the slope when population variance is unknown.
11. Confidence interval for intercept when population variance is known.
12. Confidence interval for the intercept when population variance is unknown.
13. Fit Multiple linear regression model and test the significance of regression.
14. BLUE of β (Gauss-Markov Theorem full rank case) and unbiased estimate of
unknown variance σ2.
15. BLUE of estimable function (Gauss-Markov Theorem non-full rank case).
16. ANOVA for one-way classified data.
17. ANOVA for two-way classified data.
B.A./B.Sc.(Honours) Statistics
V Semester
LAB-VI (STBSMJ5002) Operations Research
List of Practical:
1. Formulation of LPP.
2. Obtaining optimal solution of LPP by Graphical Method.
3. Obtaining optimal solution of LPP by Simplex Method.
4. Obtaining optimal solution of LPP by Big-M Method.
5. Obtaining optimal solution of LPP by Two-Phase Method.
6. Obtaining optimal solution of LPP by Dual Simplex Method.
7. Finding feasible solutions to transportation Problem and testing for its optimality.
8. Finding optimal assignment using Hungarian Method
9. Finding optimal strategies to game problem Using Minmax Rule.
10. Finding optimal pure strategies to game problem Using Rule of Dominance
11. Finding optimal mix strategies to game problem Using Graphical Method.
12. Solution of Game using Simplex Method

V Semester
Course Code- STBSXO5003
R and its applications in Statistics
Credit: 4 Max Marks: 30 + 70 =100
Course objectives: To introduce the elementary and advanced concepts of R-Language.

 Describe statistical modelling using R
 Apply these modelling tools in statistical/machine learning.
 Interface R and Latex for documentation.
Syllabus:
Unit I:
R language: Basics of R, naming a data object, R is a functional language, creation of
data objects including vectors, factors, matrices, list and data frames. Extraction from a
data object. Base graphics. Input and output facilities. Fitting with optim ().
Unit II:
Data Visualization and Wrangling: Grammar of graphics, ggplot2, five named graphics,
scatter plot, line graphs, histograms, boxplots, bar plots, density plots. Data wrangling
using deplyr, filter, summarize, group_by, mutate, join data frames, select and rename.
Data import with tidyverse.
Unit III:
Regression modeling and ANOVA: Analysis of simple and multiple regression models,
analysis of variance and analysis of deviance. Main effects and interaction effects.
Unit IV:
Documentation and interface with Latex: Interface of LaTex and R, basics of LaTex,
concept of document class, using knitr with LaTex, Markdown tips, using knitr and
Markdown.
Suggested Reading:
1. Ismay, C. and Kim, A.Y. (2020): Statistical Inference via Data Science. CRC Press.
2. Dalgaard P. (2008). Introductory Statistics with R, Springer.
3. Kleiber C and Zeileis A (2008) Applied Econometrics with R. Springer New York.
4. Lander J. P. (2014). R for Everyone: Advanced Analytics and Graphics, Pearson.
5. Xie, Y. (2015). Dynamic Documents with R and knitr (2nd edition), CRC Press.

V Semester
Course Code- STBSXO5PO1
LAB-I (STBSXO5003) R and its applications in Statistics

List of Practical:
1. Creation of data and deining new functions.

2. Input and output facilities. How to create data from foreign packages.
3. Introduction to tidyverse software packages.
4. Introduction to ggplot2 and its applications in statistical analysis.
5. Five named graphics usign ggplot2.
6. Introduction to data wrangling and applications of nycflights13 package.
7. Data wrangling with dplyr.
8. Verbs of dplyr
9. Inference with moderndive package.
10. Concept of sampling distribution with moderndive package.
11. Concept of bootstarpping with moderndive and dplyr.
12. Regression analysis with single and multiple continuous predictors.
13. Regression analysis with categorical predictors.
14. Interaction effect and its interpretation.
15. Documentation with Latex and use of interface of R and Latex

VI Semester
Multivariate Analysis

Course objectives: To introduce the elementary and advanced concepts of multivariate
analysis tools.
 Describe the multivariate analysis tools in relation to univariate tools
 Apply multivariate statistical methods in AI, Machine Learning applications.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Singular and non-singular multivariate normal distributions, Characteristic function of
Np (µ, ∑) Maximum likelihood estimators of µ and ∑ in Np (µ, ∑) and their independence.
Testing of population mean vector when variance covariance ∑ is known.
UNIT II
Wishart distribution: Definition and its distribution, properties and characteristic function.
Generalized variance. Testing of sets of variates and equality of covariance. Estimation of
multiple and partial correlation coefficients and their null distribution, Test of hypothesis
on multiple and partial correlation coefficients
UNIT III
Hotelling's T2: Definition, distribution and its optimum properties. Application in tests
on mean vector for one and more multivariate normal population and also on equality
of the components of a mean vector of a multivariate normal population. Distribution of
Mahalanobis's D2. Discriminate analysis: Classification of observations into one or two or
more groups. Estimation of the misclassification probabilities. Test associated with
discriminate functions.
UNIT IV
Principal component, canonical variate and canonical correlation: Definition, use, estimation
and computation. Cluster analysis.
Suggested Reading:
1. Anderson,T.W. (1984): An introduction to multivariate statistical analysis. John
Wiley.
2. Giri, N.C. (1977): Multivariate statistical inference. Academic Press.
3. Singh, B.M. (2002): Multivariate statistical analysis. South Asian Publishers

VI Semester
Course Code STBSMJ6002
Design of Experiments
Course objectives: To introduce the nuances of designing, conducting, analyzing

and extracting information from experimental data.
Course outcomes: On successful completion of this course, the students should be
able to Describe completely randomized design, randomized block design,
Latin square design, factorial design, two-level fractional factorial design
and balanced incomplete block design.
Apply these designs to various fields of applications.
Syllabus
UNIT I: Experimental designs: Role, historical perspective, terminology, experimental error,
basic principles, uniformity trials, fertility contour maps, choice of size and shape of plots and
blocks. Basic designs: Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Block Design
(RBD), Latin Square Design (LSD) layout, model and statistical analysis, relative efficiency,
Missing Plot technique (for both RBD and LSD) for one missing observation only.
UNIT II: Factorial experiments: Advantages, notations, concepts, design and analysis of 2 2,
n
23 and 32 factorial experiments, complete and partial confounding, 2n
experiments conducted in 2k blocks per replicate, 32 and 33 factorial experiments confounded in 3
blocks.
UNIT III: Fractional factorial experiments: Construction of one-half and one-quarter fractions of
factorial experiments, Alias structure, design resolution.
UNIT IV: Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD): Parametric relationships, incidence
matrix and its properties, Symmetric BIBD, Resolvable BIBD, Affine Resolvable BIBD,
Residual BIBD, Derived BIBD, Complimentary BIBD, Dual Designs and Intra Block analysis.
Suggested Reading:
1. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2014): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th
Edition, Sultan Chand & Sons.
2. Cochran, W.G. and Cox, G.M. (1992): Experimental Designs, 2nd Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Das, M.N. and Giri, N.C. (1986): Design and Analysis of Experiments, New Age
International (P) Limited, Publishers.
4. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2016): Fundamentals of Statistics.
Vol. II, World Press, Kolkata.
5. Montgomery, D. C. (2019): Design and Analysis of Experiments, 10 th Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

VI Semester
Course Code STBSMJ6P07
LAB-VII (STBSMJ6001) Multivariate Analysis
Practical Based on the course multivariate analysis.


VI Semester
LAB-VIII (STBSMJ6002) Design of Experiments
List of Practical:
1. Analysis of a CRD with equal replicates.

2. Analysis of a CRD with unequal replicates.
3. Analysis of RBD.
4. Analysis of LSD.
5. Analysis of RBD with one missing observation.
6. Analysis of LSD with one missing observation.
7. Analysis of 22 factorial experiments in CRD, RBD and LSD.
8. Analysis of 23 factorial experiments in CRD, RBD and LSD.
9. Analysis of a completely confounded two level factorial experiment.
10. Analysis of a partially confounded two level factorial experiment.
11. Analysis of one half fraction of 2 n (n ≤ 5) factorial design.
12. Intra block analysis of BIBD.

VI Semester
Course Code-STBSXO6003
Demography & Vital Statistics
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of demography and vital statistics.
 Understand the fundamental of demographic data.
 Interpret the demographic estimators in population studies and other related areas.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Population Theories: Coverage and content errors in demographic data, use of balancing
equations and Chandrasekharan-Deming formula to check completeness of registration data.
Adjustment of age data, use of Myer and UN indices, Population composition, dependency
ratio.
UNIT II
Introduction and sources of collecting data on vital statistics, errors in census and registration
data. Measurement of population, rate and ratio of vital events. Measurements of Mortality:
Crude Death Rate (CDR), Specific Death Rate (SDR), Infant Mortality, Rate (IMR) and
Standardized Death Rates.
UNIT III
Stationary and Stable population, Central Mortality Rates and Force of Mortality.
Life(Mortality) Tables: Assumption, description, construction of Life Tables and Uses of Life
Tables.
UNIT IV
Abridged Life Tables; Concept and construction of abridged life tables by Reed-Merrell
method, Greville’s method and King’s Method. Measurements of Fertility: Crude Birth Rate
(CBR), General Fertility Rate (GFR), Specific Fertility Rate (SFR) and Total Fertility Rate
(TFR). Measurement of Population Growth: Crude rates of natural increase, Pearl’s Vital
Index, Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) and Net Reproduction Rate (NRR).
Suggested Reading:
1. Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics, Books and Allied (P) Ltd.
2. Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2008): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II,
9th Edition, World Press.
3. Biswas, S. (1988): Stochastic Processes in Demography & Application, Wiley Eastern
Ltd.
4. Croxton, Fredrick E., Cowden, Dudley J. and Klein, S. (1973): Applied General
Statistics, 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
5. Keyfitz N., Beckman John A.: Demography Through Problems S-Verlag New
york.

VI Semester
Course Code- STBSXOP02
L-II (STBSXO6003) Demography & Vital Statistics
Practical Based on the course Demography & Vital statistics.

V Semester
Statistical Computing Using C/C++ Programming
Course objective: To introduce the basic elements statistical computing using C/C++
programming.
 Describe computer Programs in C/C++ related to statistical data analysis
 Write computer programs in C/C++ related to statistical data analysis.
Syllabus
UNIT I
History and importance of C/C++. Components, basic structure programming, character set,
C/C++ tokens, Keywords and Identifiers and execution of a C/C++ program. Data types: Basic
data types, Enumerated data types, derived data types. Constants and variables: declaration and
assignment of variables, Symbolic Constants, overflow and underflow of data.
Operators and Expressions: Arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment/decrement,
operators, precedence of operators in arithmetic, relational and logical expression. Implicit and
explicit type conversions in expressions, library functions. Managing input and output operations:
reading and printing formatted and unformatted data.
UNIT II
Decision making and branching - if…else, nesting of if…else, else if ladder, switch, conditional
(?) operator. Looping in C/C++: for, nested for, while, do…while, jumps in and out of loops.
Arrays: Declaration and initialization of one-dim and two-dim arrays. Character arrays and
strings: Declaring and initializing string variables, reading and writing strings from Terminal
(using scanf and printf only).
UNIT III
User- defined functions: A multi-function program using user-defined functions, definition of
functions, return values and their types, function prototypes and calls. Category of Functions : no
arguments and no return values, arguments but no return values , arguments with return values,
no arguments but returns a value, functions that return multiple values. Recursion function.
Passing arrays to functions, Storage class of Variables.
UNIT IV
Pointers: Declaration and initialization of pointer variables, accessing the address of a variable,
accessing a variable through its pointer, pointer expressions, pointer increments/decrement and
scale factor. Pointers and arrays, arrays of pointers, pointers as function arguments, functions
returning pointers Structure: Definition and declaring, initialization, accessing structure members,
copying and comparison of structure variables, array of structures, structure pointers. Dynamic
memory allocation functions :malloc, calloc and free. Pre processors: Macro substitution, macro
with argument File inclusion in C/C++: Defining and opening a file (only r, w and a modes),
closing a file,I/O operations on files-fscanf and fprintf functions.
Suggested Reading:
1. Kernighan, B.W. and Ritchie, D. (1988): C Programming Language, 2ndEdition,Prentice
Hall.
2. Balagurusamy, E. (2011): Programming in ANSI C, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Gottfried, B.S. (1998): Schaum’s Outlines: Programming with C, 2nd Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill
VII Semester
Course Code- STBSMU7102
Statistical Quality Control
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of statistical quality control.
 Describe the various charts in SQC
 Interpretation of these charts in real life situations.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Quality: Definition, dimensions of quality, historical perspective of quality control and
improvements starting from World War II, historical perspective of Quality Gurus and
Quality Hall of Fame. Quality system and standards: Introduction to ISO quality
standards,Quality registration. Statistical Process Control - Seven tools of SPC, chance and
assignableCauses of quality variation. Statistical Control Charts- Construction and Statistical
basis of 3-σ Control charts, Rational Sub-grouping.
UNIT II
Control charts for variables: X-bar & R-chart, X-bar & s-chart. Control charts for attributes:
np-chart, p-chart, c-chart and u-chart. Comparison between control charts for variables and
control charts for attributes. Analysis of patterns on control chart, estimation of process
capability.
UNIT III
Acceptance sampling plan: Principle of acceptance sampling plans. Single and Double
sampling plan their OC, AQL, LTPD, AOQ, AOQL, ASN, ATI functions with graphical
interpretation, use and interpretation of Dodge and Romig’s sampling inspection plan tables.
UNIT IV
Introduction to Six-Sigma: Overview of Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing and Total Quality
Management (TQM). Organizational Structure and Six Sigma training plans- Selection
Criteria for Six-Sigma roles and training plans. Voice of customers (VOC): Importance and
VOC data collection. Critical to Quality (CTQ).Introduction to DMAIC using one case study:
Define Phase, Measure Phase, Analyse Phase, Improve Phase and Control Phase.
Suggested Reading:
1. Montogomery, D. C. (2009): Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 6th Edition, Wiley
India Pvt. Ltd.
4. Montogomery, D. C. and Runger, G.C. (2008): Applied Statistics and Probability for
Engineers, 3rd Edition reprint, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
5. Ehrlich, B. Harris (2002): Transactional Six Sigma and Lean Servicing, 2nd Edition,
St. Lucie Press.

VII Semester
LAB-IX (STBSMJ7101) Statistical Compt. using C/C++ Prog.
Practical Based on the course Stat. Comp. Using C/C++Prog.


VII Semester
LAB-X (STBSMJ7102) Statistical Quality Control
Practical Based on the course statistical quality control.


VII Semester
Research Methodology using R Software

Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of R-language and its applications.
 Describe the various concepts of R-language.
 Interpret the functions related to data analysis.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Learn how to load data, plot a graph viz. histograms (equal class intervals and unequal class
intervals), box plot, stem-leaf, frequency polygon, pie chart, ogives with graphical summaries
of data
UNIT II
Generate automated reports giving detailed descriptive statistics, correlation and lines of
regression.
UNIT III
Random number generation and sampling procedures. Fitting of polynomials and exponential
curves. Application Problems based on fitting of suitable distribution, Normal probability
plot.
UNIT IV
Simple analysis and create and manage statistical analysis projects, import data, code editing,
Basics of statistical inference in order to understand hypothesis testing and compute p-values
and confidence intervals.
Suggested Reading:
1. Gardener, M (2012) Beginning R: The Statistical Programming Language, Wiley
Publications.
2. Braun W J, Murdoch D J (2007): A First Course in Statistical Programming with R.
Cambridge University Press. New York.

VII Semester
Time Series Analysis
Course objectives: To introduce the application of statistics.

Course outcomes: On successful completion of this course the students will be able to apply
various statistical techniques in time series data.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction to times series data, application of time series from various fields. Components
of a times series, Decomposition of time series. Trend: Estimation of trend by free hand
curve method, method of semi averages, fitting a various mathematical curve, and growth
curves.
UNIT II
Trend Cont.: Method of moving averages. Detrending. Effect of elimination of trend on other
components of the time series. Seasonal Component: Estimation of seasonal component by
Method of simple averages, Ratio to Trend,
UNIT III
Seasonal Component cont: Ratio to Moving Averages and Link Relative method,
Deseasonalization. Cyclic Component: Harmonic Analysis. Some Special Processes:
Moving-average (MA) process and Autoregressive (AR) process of orders one and two,
Estimation of the parameters of AR (1) and AR (2) – Yule-Walker equations.
UNIT IV
Random Component: Variate component method. Forecasting: Exponential smoothing
methods, Short term forecasting methods: Brown’s discounted regression, Box-Jenkins
method and Bayesian forecasting. Stationary Time series: Weak stationarity, autocorrelation
function and correlogram of moving average.
Suggested Reading:
1. Kendall M.G. (1976): Time Series, Charles Griffin.

2. Chatfield C. (1980): The Analysis of Time Series –An Introduction, Chapman & Hall.
3. Mukhopadhyay P. (2011): Applied Statistics, 2nd ed. Revised reprint, Books and Allied
VII Semester
Inventory Control
Objectives: The objective is to provide the desired level of customer service, allow cost-
efficient operations, minimize the inventory investment and to efficiently handle inventory
problems.
Outcomes: On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to formulate
and solve inventory models with certain and uncertain demand. Inventory management
practices can help to save money and keep an accurate stock record.
Syllabus
UNIT I:
Introduction to Inventory Control Models, Terminologies in Inventory, Reasons for Carrying
Inventory, Functions of Inventory, Selective Inventory Control, Classiﬁcation of Economic
Order Quantity (EOQ) Models, Single Item Inventory Control Models with known and
uniform demands without Shortages, Economic lot-size model with ﬁnite rate of
replenishment.
UNIT II,
EOQ Model with Finite Rate of Replenishment with Shortages, Order Level System with
Uniform Demand, Order Level System with Instantaneous Demand, Multi-item Inventory
Model, Limitation on Inventories, Limitation of Warehouse Capacity, Limitation on budget,
Limitation of Warehouse Numbers of Orders, Production Order Quantity,
UNIT III:
Inventory Control Models with Quantity Discounts, Inventory Control Models with all units
Quantity Discounts, Model with one Price Break, Models with two Price Breaks. Dynamic
Demand Inventory Models, Reorder Level with Constant Demand, Service Level, Additional
Stocks, Q-system with Uncertain Demand, P-system with Uncertain Demand, Comparison
between Q-system and P-system.
UNIT IV:
Probabilistic Inventory Control Models with Uniform Demand, Probabilistic Inventory
Control Models with Instantaneous Demand, Probabilistic Scheduling Period order Level
System without Lead Time, Inventory Control Models without Setup Cost and Lead Time
Zero (Uniform Demand and Instantaneous Demand), Inventory Control Models without
Setup Cost and Constant Lead Time, Multiperiod Model with Constant Lead Time and Fixed
reorder Quantity, Newsboy Problem
Suggested Reading:
1. Naddor, F. (1966): Inventory System, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
2. Donald Waters (2003): Inventory Control and Management, John Wiley & Sons
Ltd, U.K
3. Hiller, F.S. and Gerald J. Liberman (2000): Introduction to Operations Research,
2nd ed CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
4. Toome. J.W. (2000): Inventory Management: Principles, Concepts and
Techniques, Springer Science+Business Media, New York.
5. Sharma, J.K. (2016): Operations Research: Theory and Applications, McMillan
India.
VII Semester
Course Code- STBSMJ7S01
Seminar


VIII Semester
Stochastic Processes and Queuing Theory

Course objectives: To introduce the concepts of stochastic processes and queuing theory.
 Describe the techniques of stochastic processes.
 Apply the concepts and results of stochastic process in the real-life scenario, including
competing risks, branching process, Renewal process, etc.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction to stochastic processes, Markov chains, transition probability matrix (tpm) and
its properties, doubly stochastic matrix, one step tpm, n step tpm, (n+m) step tpm (Chapman-
Kolmogorov equation), classification of states and Markov chains, stationary distribution
(Xt), Steady state or equilibrium conditions, trajectory probability.
UNIT II
Continuous time Markov Processes; Poisson process, properties of Poisson process, Simple
Birth- Process, Yule Furry Process, Simple Death-process, Simple Birth-Death process, Cox
Processes.
UNIT III
Random walk and gambler's ruin problem, Drug testing problem, Statistical inference for
Markov chains: estimation and hypothesis testing of transition probabilities, Markovian
analysis of system reliability, Markovian analysis of genetics problem.
UNIT IV
Introduction to Queuing Theory, Arrival distribution, Departure distribution, Inter-arrival
distribution, Classifications of Queuing systems, Service disciplines, customer behaviours,
M/M/1:  /FCFS, M/M/1:N/FCFS and their differential Difference Equations, Steady State
Solutions, System measures for these models, Little’s formula, M/M/1:  /FCFS waiting time
distribution.
Suggested Reading:
1.Mehdi, J. (2012): Stochastic Processes, Wiley Eastern, 3rd Ed.
2. Sheldon, M. Ross (2016): Stochastic Processes, Wiley Eastern, 11th Ed.

VIII Semester
Econometrics
Credit: 4 Max Marks:30+70=100
Course objectives: To introduce the basic elements of econometric data and its
modelling.
Describe the various econometric data and models.
Estimate the parameters of the model by using OLS, GLS and IV methods.
Interpret the estimates in econometric models applied in various fields of applications.
Describe the effects of violation of the assumptions of the classical linear regression model.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction: Objective behind building econometric models, nature of econometrics, role of
econometrics. General linear model- Estimation of parameters and variance. Dummy variables.
UNIT II
Generalized least squares estimation: Aitken estimators. Autocorrelation: consequences of auto-
correlated disturbances, detection and solution of autocorrelation.
UNIT III
Multicollinearity: Introduction and concepts, detection of multi-collinearity, consequences, tests
and solutions for multi-collinearity, specification error.
UNIT IV
Heteroscedastic disturbances: Concepts and efficiency of Aitken estimator with OLS estimator
under heteroscedasticity. Consequences of heteroscedasticity. Tests and solutions of
heteroscedasticity. Autoregressive and Lag models, Instrumental Variable Method.
Suggested Reading:
1. Johnston, J. (1972): Econometric Methods, Second Edition, McGraw Hill International.
2. Maddala, G.S. and Lahiri, K. (2009): Introduction to Econometrics, Fourth Edition,
John Wiley.
3. Gujarati, D., Porter, D. C. and Sangeetha, G. (2017): Basic Econometrics, Fifth
Edition, McGraw Hill Education.
4. Woolridge, J. M. (2013): Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, Fifth
Edition, Cengage Learning.

VIII Semester
LAB-XI (STBSMJ8101) Stochastic Processes and Queuing Theory
Practical Based on the course stochastic processes and queuing theory.


VIII Semester
LAB-XII (STBSMJ8102) Econometrics
List of Practical:
1. Fitting of Simple linear model.

2. Interval Estimation on slope and intercept.
3. Fitting of Multiple linear model.
4. Presence of serial autocorrelation by Durbin – Watson statistic.
5. Detection of heteroscedasticity through informal methods.
6. Park test to detect heteroscedasticity.
7. Rank correlation test of heteroscedasticity.

VIII Semester
Theory of Reliability
Course objectives: To introduce the elementary and advanced concepts of reliability theory.
 Understand the concepts of reliability with its applications.
 Apply the Methods and results of reliability theory to the real life applications for
instance quality maintenance and assurance.
 Investigate the effect of various variables on the hazard function/ failure rate
Syllabus
UNIT I
Concepts of Life time (time to event), curtate of lifetime, reliability function, hazard function
(linear & nonlinear), life cycle curve (bath tub curve), conditional Reliability, Mean time to
failure. Standard Life time distributions (Exponential, Weibull, Gamma, Normal Distribution,
Lognormal) with their Reliability functions, Hazard Functions and conditional reliability.
UNIT II
Concepts of System and its various type, Series system, Parallel system, k-out-of-n system,
Series-Parallel system, Parallel -Series system, reliability of the system, Availability, point
availability and interval availability, Markovian analysis of system reliability and availability.
UNIT III
Complete Vs Censored data, Concepts of censoring and censoring mechanism (left censoring,
right censoring, interval censoring), type -1 and type-II censoring schemes, random/ non-
informative censoring, reliability analysis of censored data.
UNIT IV
Nonparametric estimation of life time distribution function, Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen
models, Relationship between Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen estimates, Cox regression model.
Suggested Reading:
1. W. Kuo, V. R. Prasad, F.A. Tillman, C. L. Hwang (2001): Optimal Reliability Design,
Cambridge University Press.
2. Zacks, S.O.: Introduction to reliability analysis, probability models and statistical, Springer-
Verlag.
3. Kenneth S. Stephens (2012): Reliability Data Analysis with Excel and Minitab.
4. M.M. Desu, D. Raghavarao (2004): Nonparameteric Statistical Methods for Complete and
Censored data.
5. Lawless J.F. (2003): Models and Methods for life time data, 2nd Ed.
VII Semester
Course Code- STBSMJ8D01
Dissertation

B.A. /B.Sc. (Honours) with Research (Statistics)

VII Semester
Advanced Inference
Course objectives: To introduce the advanced concepts of statistical inference.
 Describe the concepts of statistical inference.
 Apply the statistical inference tools in real data analysis.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Sufficient and minimal sufficient statistics. Exponential and Pitman family of distributions.
Complete sufficient statistic, Cramer-Rao lower bound approach to obtain minimum variance
unbiased estimator (MVUE). Rao-Blackwell theorem, Lehmann-Scheffe theorem.
UNIT II
Maximum likelihood estimator (mle), its small and large sample properties, CAN and
BAN estimators. Most Powerful (MP), Uniformly Most Powerful (UMP) and
Uniformly Most Powerful Unbiased (UMPU) tests. UMP tests for monotone likelihood
ratio (MLR) family of distributions.
UNIT III
Likelihood ratio test (LRT) with its asymptotic distribution, Similar tests with Neyman
structure, Ancillary statistic and Basu' s theorem. Construction of similar and UMPU tests
through Neyman structure.
UNIT IV
Interval estimation, confidence level, construction of confidence intervals using pivots,
shortest expected length confidence interval, uniformly most accurate one sided confidence
interval and its relation to UMP test for one sided null against one sided alternative
hypothesis.
Suggested Reading:
1. Lehmann, E.L. (1983): Theory of Point Estimation, Wiley.
2. Lehmann, E.L. (1986): Testing Statistical Hypothesis, 2nd Ed., Wiley.
3. Rao, C.R. (1973): Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications, Wiley.
4. Rohtagi, V.K. (1976): An Introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical
Statistics, Wiley.

VII Semester
Advanced Operations Research
Credit: 04 Max Marks: 30+70 = 100

Course objectives: To introduce some advance concepts and methods of Operations
Research
Course outcome: On successful completion of this course the students will be able to
 Understand the Advanced methods of Operations Research and their applications.
 The Methods and results of NLPPs, DPPs and Networks’ flow concepts to the real life
applications.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Behaviors of Functions: Increasing, Decreasing & Monotonic Functions, Optima points of
Functions (Maxima, Minima, and Saddle points), Relative Extrema, Inflection Points.
Optimization of Functions, First Order Necessary Conditions (FONC) and Second Order
Necessary Conditions (SONC), Directional derivative of Function, Gradient & Hessian Matrix of
Functions, Generalized Convexity, Quasi and Pseudo convex functions and their properties.
UNIT II
Univariate and Multivariate Unconstrained Optimization techniques: unrestricted search, Newton
Raphson, Fibonacci Golden section and Powell’s Quadratic interpolation, steepest descent,
Conjugate direction & Conjugate gradient, Fletcher-Reevs direction method.
UNIT III
Introduction to Network Flows Problem, Definitions, Maximal Flow Problem, Shortest route
Problem, Minimum Spanning Tree Problem, LP representation of networks Flow Problem,
Unimodular property of constraint matrix.
UNIT IV
Introduction to Dynamic Programming, Bellman’s principal of Optimality, general recursive
relationship of Dynamic programming, forward and backward recursion relations, Stage coach
problems, Replacement Problems, Resources allocation problems.
Suggested Reading:
1. Hadley G.: Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming, Addison Wesley.
2. Bazara and Shetty: Nonlinear Programming, John Wiley.
3. Rao, S.S.: Optimization Theory and Applications, Wiley Eastern.
4. Bazara, M.S., Jaruis, J.J.: Linear Programming and Network Flow, John Wiley
B.A. /B.Sc.(Honours) with Research (Statistics)

VII Semester
LAB-XIII (STBSMJ7106) Advanced Operations Research
List of Practical:
1. To find function optima.

2. To determine critical values of the function and its behavior.
3. To find optimum solution by Newton Raphson method.
4. To find optimum solution by Fibonacci method.
5. To find optimum solution by Golden Section method.
6. To find optimum solution by Quadratic Interpolation method.
7. To find optimum solution by Conjugate Gradient method.
8. To find optimum solution for Maximal Flow problem
9. To find shortest route for Shortest Route problem.
10. To find optimum solution for Spanning Tree problem.
11. To find optimum solution for Stage Coach Problem.
12. To find optimum solution for Replacement problem.
VII Semester
Image Analysis
Credit: 4 Max Marks: 30+70 = 100

Course objectives: To impart knowledge of digital images, their processing and analyses.
Course outcome: On successful completion of this course the students will be able to:
 Understand the concept of digital images, their dimension reduction and
transformation
 Learn image processing, statistical classification techniques for images and estimation
of classification errors
 Learn advanced topics of analysis of images and the implementation of the methods
in R software
Syllabus
UNIT I:
Introduction: Digital Image, Image and Spatial Statistics, Spatial Data, Reduction of gray
image to binary, Multivariate image analysis, Principal component analysis,
Singular value decomposition, Image transformation: Orthogonal image
transformation, Random transformation.
UNIT II
Image processing and Classification: Image processing, Jump regression for image
processing, Classification of Digital Images: Supervised Classification:
Discriminant analysis, Unsupervised Classification: Cluster analysis, Classification
accuracy: Kappa Coefficient, Brier Score.
UNIT III
Advanced Image Analysis Techniques: Image and Pattern analysis, Medical Image
Computing, Machine learning in image analysis and pattern recognition, Image
processing using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Image recognition with Deep
Neural Networks, Support vector Machine (SVM) classification for object-based
image analysis, Multispectral image analysis using Random forest (RF).
UNIT IV
Image Analysis using R: Methods to create raster layer objects for single Landsat layers
(Bands) using R, R function that reads the data and plots, Image information and
Statistics using R, Single band and composite maps using R, Subset and rename
bands, Image classification using R.
Suggested Reading:
1. Maria M. P. Petrou and Costas Petrou, (2010): Image Processing The Fundamentals
2nd Edition by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (U.K).
2. Geladi Paul; Grahn, Hans, (1996): Multivariate Image Analysis, John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd. U.K.
3. Dirk P. Kroese, Zdravko I. Botev, Thomas Taimre, Radislav Vaisman, (2020): Data
Science and Machine learning, CRC Press

VII Semester
Optimization using Software Packages
Credits: 4 Max Marks: 30+70 = 100

Course objectives: To learn optimization techniques/data analysis using Excel, TORA,
LINGO and R.
 have workable knowledge of Excel, TORA, LINGO and R
 find solutions to problems of optimization through Excel, TORA, LINGO and R

Syllabus
UNIT I: Optimization using Excel
Introduction to excel, data manipulation, optimization without constraints with the excel
solver, optimization under constraints with excel solver, using excel to solve linear
programming problems (LPP), graphical method to solve LPP in spreadsheet, LPP using
simplex method through excel solver, transportation problem using excel solver, assignment
problem using excel solver
UNIT II: Optimization using TORA

Introduction to TORA, capabilities of TORA, data manipulation, finding inverse of a matrix
and solution of simultaneous linear equations, finding feasible and optimal solutions to LPP
using graphical and simplex method. Obtaining feasible and optimal solutions to
transportation and assignment problems
UNIT III: Optimization using LINGO

Introduction to LINGO, Commands and menu windows used, data manipulation, models in
LINGO, sets, looping functions, solution of simultaneous equations, finding optimal
solutions of LPP, transportation problems, assignment problems
UNIT IV: Optimization using R Software

Introduction to R language, data manipulation, object, vector, factor and data frame.
Extraction operators, data import/export, summary of data and statistical graphics with R.
Solving transportation and assignment problems using R, solving linear programming
problems using lpSolve package
Suggested Reading:
1. Taha, H. A. (2009): Operations Research: An Introduction, Prentice Hall of India.
2. LINGO User Manual (Vol. I- III), LINDO Systems Inc, 2011.
3. N. Gupta, I. Ali (2021): Optimization with LINGO-18: Problems and Applications,
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis.
4. Sallan, J. M., Lordan, O., & Fernandez, V. (2015). Modeling and solving linear
programming with R. Omnia Science.

VII Semester
Research Methodology using Software Packages

Course objectives: To introduce software packages for data analysis.
 Describe statistical modelling using software packages.
 Apply the software for statistical data analysis and graphics.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Learn how to load data, plot a graph viz. histograms (equal class intervals and unequal class
intervals), box plot, stem-leaf, frequency polygon, pie chart, ogives with graphical summaries
of data
UNIT II
Generate automated reports giving detailed descriptive statistics, correlation and lines of
regression.
UNIT III
Random number generation and sampling procedures. Fitting of polynomials and exponential
curves. Application Problems based on fitting of suitable distribution, Normal probability
plot.
UNIT IV
Simple analysis and create and manage statistical analysis projects, import data, code editing,
Basics of statistical inference in order to understand hypothesis testing and compute p-values
and confidence intervals.
Suggested Reading:
1. Moore, D.S. and McCabe, G.P. and Craig, B.A. (2014): Introduction to the Practice of
Statistics, W.H. Freeman
2. Cunningham, B.J (2012): Using SPSS: An Interactive Hands-on approach
3. David Moore and George McCabe’s: MINITAB Manual for Introduction to the
Practice of Statistics.
VII Semester
Dissertation


VIII Semester
Bayesian Inference and Survival Analysis
Course objectives: To introduce the elementary concepts of Bayesian inference and survival
analysis.
 Apply the Bayesian inference to real life scenario.
 Describe the basic survival analysis in real life scenario.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Inference: Improper, conjugate and Jeffery’s prior distributions,
loss function, risk function, Posterior distributions.
UNIT II
Bayes estimators under (i) absolute loss function, (ii) squared error loss function, (iii) ‘0-1’
loss function, (iv) LINEX loss function, (v) entropy loss function, generalized Bayes
estimators, limit of Bayes estimators. Bayesian interval estimation.
UNIT III
Basics of survival analysis, parametric methods - parametric models in survival analysis,
Exponential, Weibull, Delta method in relation to MLE, Fitting of these models in one
sample and two sample problems.
Unit IV: Regression models in survival analysis. Fitting of Exponential, Weibull,

Coxproportional, hazard models. Model checking and data diagnostics - Basic graphical
methods, graphical checks for overall adequacy of a model, deviance, cox - snell, martingale,
and deviance residuals.
Suggested Reading:
1. Berger, J. O. (1985): Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis, Springer-
Verlag.
2. Sinha, S. K. (1998): Bayesian Estimation, New Age International Limited.
3. Srivastava, M. K., Khan, A. H. and Srivastava, N. (2014): Statistical Inference:
Theory of Estimation, PHI Learning Private Limited.
4. Bolstad, W. M. and Curran, J. M. (2017): Introduction to Bayesian Statistics, 3 rd
Edition, John Wiley & Son, Inc., USA.
VIII Semester
Advanced Design of Experiments
Credit: 4 Max Marks: 30 + 70 = 100
Course objectives: To introduce the nuances of designing, conducting, analyzing and extracting information
from experimental data.
Course outcomes: On successful completion of this course, the students should be able to
• Handle two way classified data with unequal number of observation per cell (fixed effects model), two
way classified data with proportional number of observation per cell (fixed effects model) and two
way classified data with ‘m’ observations per cell (fixed and mixed effects model)
• Describe General Incomplete Block Design and Split and Strip Plot Design.
• Construct: confounded factorial experiment using finite geometry, set of Mutually Orthogonal Latin
Squares using Galois Field Theory and BIBD through Orthogonal Latin Squares, using the method of
differences and method of finite geometry.
• Apply these designs to various fields of applications.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Experimental designs: Review of linear estimation and basic designs, ANOVA: Analysis of orthogonal and
non-orthogonal two way data, two way classification with unequal number of observation per cell (fixed effects
model), two way classification with proportional number of observation per cell (fixed effects model) and two
way classification with ‘m’ observations per cell (fixed and mixed effects model).
UNIT II
Incomplete Block Designs: Intra block analysis, General Incomplete Block Design: Intra block analysis,
Connected Design, Property of balancedness for General Incomplete Block Design, Efficiency factor of
Connected Design.
UNIT III
Finite geometry: Projective Geometry, Euclidean Geometry, Symmetrical Factorial Experiment (s m, where s is a
prime or a prime power), Construction of confounded factorial experiment using finite geometry. Construction
of a set of Mutually Orthogonal Latin Squares using Galois Field Theory.
UNIT IV
Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD): Construction of BIBD through Orthogonal Latin Squares, using
the method of differences and method of finite geometry. Split Plot Design. Strip Plot Design.
Suggested Readings:
1. Chakrabarti, M. C. (1962): Mathematics of Design and Analysis of Experiments, Asia Publishing
House, Bombay.
2. Cochran, W.G. and Cox, G.M. (1992): Experimental Designs, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Das, M.N. and Giri, N.C. (1986): Design and Analysis of Experiments, New Age International (P)
Limited, Publishers.
4. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2016): Fundamentals of Statistics. Vol. II, World Press,
Kolkata.
5. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2014): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4 th Edition, Sultan Chand
& Sons.
6. Kshirsagar, A.M. (1983): A Course in Linear Models, Marcel Dekker, New York.
7. Montgomery, D. C. (2019): Design and Analysis of Experiments, 10 th Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
8. Raghavarao, D. (1971): Construction and Combinatorial Problems of Design of Experiments, John
Wiley & Sons, New York.

VIII Semester
LAB-XIV (STBSMJ805) Advanced Design of Experiments

List of Practical:
1. Analysis of RBD with one missing observation.

2. Analysis of RBD with two missing observations.
3. Analysis of LSD with one missing observation.
4. Analysis of non-orthogonal two way data.
5. Analysis of two way classified data with m observations per cell for fixed effects
model.
6. Analysis of 22 and 23 factorial experiments in CRD, RBD and LSD.
7. Analysis of a completely confounded two level factorial experiment.
8. Analysis of a partially confounded two level factorial experiment.
9. Analysis of a Split Plot design.

VIII Semester
Data Analysis with Python

Course objectives: To introduce the basic and advanced elements of the Python language.
 Demonstrate the understanding of Python language.
 Apply the Python language for statistical data analysis and graphics.
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction to Python- Python data structures, data types, indexing and slicing, vectors,
arrays, developing programs, functions, modules and packages, data structures for statistics,
tools for statistical modeling, data visualization, data input and output.
UNIT II
Display of Statistical data with Python- Univariate and multivariate data, discrete and
continuous distributions: binomial, Poisson, normal, Weibull. Sampling distributions: t, chi-
square and F.
UNIT III
Hypothesis testing with Python- Test for means: t test for single and two samples, Wilcoxon
and Mann-Whitney test, test for categorical data, one proportion and frequency tables, chi-
square test for independence, relation between hypothesis and confidence intervals, one- and
two -way ANOVA.
UNIT IV
Statistical Modeling with Python-Correlation and Regression coefficients, simple and
multiple regression analyses, model selection criteria, bootstrapping, generalized linear
models.
Books Recommended:
1. Haslwanter, T. (2016): An Introduction to Statistics with Python: with Applications in the
Life Sciences, Springer.
2. Sheppard, K. (2018): Introduction to Python for Econometrics, Statistics and Data
analysis, Oxford University Press.
3. Mckinney, W. (2018): Python for Data Analysis. O’Reilly.
VII Semester
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B.A. /B.Sc. (Honours) Statistics

Credit: 4 Max Marks: 30+70=100

B.A. /B.Sc. (Honours) Statistics

Credit: 2 Max Marks: 30+70=100