Psoriasis

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Psoriasis
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Psoriasis
Introduction
Psoriasis is a common dermatological disease affecting many people across the world. It
is characterized by red dry, crusted patched on the skin (Armstrong, A. W & Read, 2020). They
usually appear scaly with a silvery outlook. Around 2% of Americans suffer with psoriasis.
Itching and burning of the skin are common, and the disease can be fatal in certain cases. In
healthy skin, proliferation happens throughout a 28-day cycle. In psoriasis, skin proliferation
slows to four days when keratinocytes rapidly cluster at the skin surface, resulting in loose
scaling. The aim of this paper is to explore the causes of psoriasis, its signs and symptoms, and a
comparison of other diseases.
Causes
While the specific cause of psoriasis is uncertain, experts believe it is an autoimmune
disorder. Autoimmune illnesses have an effect on the immune system, which generates T cells in
response to infection (Armstrong, A. W & Read, 2020). Triggers can lead the genes of psoriasis
sufferers to direct the immune system's attention to the wrong cells. They respond to stimuli as if
they were fighting an infection or mending a wound. They produce pro-inflammatory
compounds. Autoimmune activity promotes excessive skin cell growth in psoriasis. Skin cells
renew in about a month. It takes 3–4 days in psoriasis. Skin injuries, stress, infections, and
changes in hormone levels are all typical psoriatic triggers, although each person's experience
will be unique.
Signs and symptoms
Psoriasis causes scaly patches of skin to grow on the surface due to an accumulation of
skin cells. On light skin, psoriasis manifests as pink or red spots with silvery-white scales.
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Psoriasis manifests as regions of purple or dark brown skin with gray scales. Symptoms of
psoriasis can fluctuate between flares and remissions (Armstrong, A. W & Read, 2020).
Remissions last an average of 1–12 months. It is difficult to estimate the duration of flares and
remissions. Minor to severe symptoms vary according to the type of psoriasis.
Fibrocystic breast disease
Premenopausal women are disproportionately affected by noncancerous fibrocystic breast
disease. The common sign is breast soreness or discomfort and the rapid presence or
disappearance of palpable benign masses, or lumpy, free-moving masses in the breast (Malherbe,
Khan & Fatima, 2021). Unlike malignant breast tumors, fibrocystic breast disease is non-
cancerous. As compared to breast cancer, fibrocystic is characterized by pain in the lump just
before menstruation.
Fibroadenoma
A fibroadenoma is a noncancerous (benign) breast tumor. A fibroadenoma is a smooth,
soft mass that glides easily beneath the skin of the breast (Ajmal & Van Fossen, 2018). Although
fibroadenoma are usually innocuous, they can be irritating or painful, particularly before
menstruation. The extent of fibrocystic changes varies throughout the menstrual cycle. They are
frequently disagreeable and bilateral in nature.
Malignant breast tumor
Breast cancer tumors are malignant. If left untreated, malignant cells can spread beyond
the main tumor to other parts of the body (Cancer.org, 2022). Tumors originate as a mass or
calcium deposit formed as a result of abnormal cell growth. While the majority of breast lumps
are benign, others are premalignant. Unlike breast cancer, a fibroadenoma remains in the breast
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tissue and does not spread to other organs. Breast cancer should be taken care of immediately
after diagnosis to avoid it spreading to other organs or even death.

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References
Ajmal, M., & Van Fossen, K. (2018). Breast fibroadenoma. Retrieved from europepmc.org.
Armstrong, A. W., & Read, C. (2020). Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of
psoriasis: a review. Jama, 323(19), 1945-1960.
Cancer.org. (2022). What Is Breast Cancer? | American Cancer Society. Retrieved 10 January
2022, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/what-is-breast-
cancer.html.
Malherbe, K., Khan, M., & Fatima, S. (2021). Fibrocystic Breast Disease. Retrieved 10 January
2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551609/.

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comparison of other diseases.

While the specific cause of psoriasis is uncertain, experts believe it is an autoimmune

they were fighting an infection or mending a wound. They produce pro-inflammatory

Signs and symptoms

remissions. Minor to severe symptoms vary according to the type of psoriasis.

Fibrocystic breast disease

Premenopausal women are disproportionately affected by noncancerous fibrocystic breast

A fibroadenoma is a noncancerous (benign) breast tumor. A fibroadenoma is a smooth,

frequently disagreeable and bilateral in nature.

Malignant breast tumor

after diagnosis to avoid it spreading to other organs or even death.

psoriasis: a review. Jama, 323(19), 1945-1960.

2022, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/what-is-breast-

2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551609/.

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