Digital English Sectional Test-9

EST-9 (Module-1A)

Studies have shown that exposure to idealized images of beauty and body types can lead to negative
perceptions of one's own body. One of the studies shows that young women who spend more time
on social media are more likely to experience body ________. This finding underscores the need
for interventions to help young people develop skills to cope with the negative impact of social
media.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

(A) contentment

(B) appreciation

(C) transformation

(D) dissatisfaction

While the idea of feathered dinosaurs may seem unusual, the discovery of the species Ubirajara
jubatus in Brazil adds to the ________ body of evidence supporting their existence. The unique
fur-like structures of Ubirajara provide important insights into the diversity and complexity of
feathered dinosaurs and the evolution of feathers themselves.

2. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

(A) mounting

(B) foreign

(C) nonexistent

(D) obvious

Studying the influence of Renaissance painting on modern art is important for understanding the
evolution of art over the centuries. Examining the techniques, style, and subject matter of

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Renaissance painting allows us to gain ________ how these elements have impacted the
development of modern art.

3. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

(A) technique for

(B) insight into

(C) approval of

(D) questions for

Classic and contemporary children's literature continues to reinforce gender stereotypes,

4. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

(A) acknowledgments

(B) efforts

(C) contention

(D) representations

This text has been adapted from a 1979 novel, The Ghost Writer, written by the American author
Philip Roth.

She sensed that the calm routine of her daily life was in keeping with the tranquility that had
characterized life on the farm for six generations. The present and past felt less like separate entities
and more like interchangeable concepts. She didn't need a time machine to understand her
grandparents' lives. Instead, she found parallels between her own experiences and those of her
grandfather, recognizing similarities between their lives in the same unchanging setting. The town
of Milton was dim and gentle, molded by gentle lives, the current of change as slow through it as
the seep of water through a bog.

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5. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

(A) It conveys a sense of the deliberate pace of life in Milton.

(B) It evokes the natural setting of the town of Milton.

(C) It imparts a perception of confinement that the author felt in Milton.

(D) It creates an impression of vague foreboding.

The following text is from Ella Wheeler Wilcox's 1896 poem "High Noon." The phrase "warp and
woof" refers to the way in which fabrics are woven.

Have I done nobly? Then I must not let

Dead yesterday unborn to-morrow shame.

Have I done wrong? Well, let the bitter taste

Of fruit that turned to ashes on my lip

Be my reminder in temptation's hour,

And keep me silent when I would condemn.

Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is.

6. According to the passage, behaving badly leads the speaker to which of the following?

(A) Regretting the past

(B) Working hard in the present

(C) Taking action with vigor

(D) Not being critical of others

The discovery of the species of ancient turtle Arvinachelys goldeni shed new light on the evolution
of turtles during the Late Triassic period. The well-preserved fossils of the species provided new
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insights into the morphology and anatomy of early turtles, helping to fill gaps in our understanding
of turtle evolution during this time. Specifically, the discovery suggested that early turtles had more
diverse body plans and shell structures than previously thought, and that the evolution of turtle
diversity may have been more complex than previously assumed.

7. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

(A) To explain how the discovery of the species of ancient turtle has contributed to a more
comprehensive understanding of the evolution of turtles

(B) To provide a detailed analysis of the recent discovery of a species of ancient turtle and its
significance in our understanding of the history of life on Earth

(C) To demonstrate the importance of paleontological discoveries, such as the recent discovery of a
species of ancient turtle, in furthering our understanding of the natural world

(D) To explore the unique features and morphology of Arvinachelys goldeni and the complex
nature of its diversification

The following text is from British poet Fay Inchfawn's poem "In Convalescence." Someone who is
in convalescence is getting better from being sick.

Not long ago, I prayed for dying grace,

For then I thought to see Thee face to face.

And now I ask (Lord, 'tis a weakling's cry)

That Thou wilt give me grace to live, not die.

Such foolish prayers! I know. Yet pray I must.

Lord help me help me not to see the dust!

And not to nag, nor fret because the blind

Hangs crooked, and the curtain sags behind.

But, oh! The kitchen cupboards! What a sight!

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'T'will take at least a month to get them right.

And that last cocoa had a smoky taste,

And all the milk has boiled away to waste!

And no, I resolutely will not think

About the saucepans, nor about the sink.

These light afflictions are but temporal things

To rise above them, wilt Thou lend me wings?

8. Which is the main idea of the text?

(A) The speaker wishes that she had not prayed for dying grace now that she is getting well.

(B) The speaker believes that her health will improve if she doesn't think about all the household
chores that need to be addressed.

(C) The speaker feels guilty that she has spent so much time bothered by small matters and not
enough on spiritual matters.

(D) The speaker, now that she is no longer very sick, prays to not be overly bothered by relatively
trivial household problems.

Text 1

The stock market has only existed for about a century, but it's a powerful wealth-creating tool and
the epitome of capitalism. It allows people of any social class to invest in influential companies and
have a say in future business decisions. This gives it the potential to impact economies worldwide.

Text 2

For almost a century, the stock market has been accused, rightly, of attracting unscrupulous
individuals who take advantage of unsuspecting investors. The promise that individual shareholders
can have a say in the direction of large corporations is more theoretical than actual. In reality,
individual investors often suffer financial losses, while wealthy stock market analysts and
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professional traders benefit. Historical events such as the Great Depression highlight the risks
associated with investing in the stock market.

9. Based on the texts, what would the author of Text 2 most likely say about Text 1's
characterization of the stock market?

(A) The Great Depression illustrates the enduring fortitude of individuals when confronted with
prolonged challenges.

(B) In recent times, individual investors have gained more influence, and they have the potential to
impact the global economy.

(C) The statement is flawed as the stock market is controlled by affluent individuals and analysts
deceive investors.

(D) The stock market embodies the fundamental principles of capitalism, offering a level playing
field for all participants.

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Phytoremediation is a technology that employs plants and their associated microbes to remove
pollutants from contaminated soils and waters. Utilizing this technique is an acceptable, low-cost,
simple, and common wastewater treatment method. Yudha Gusti Wibowo et al. analyzed the
potential of phytoremediation to treat a combination of various types of wastewater in the
laboratory under environmental control. The plants Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes
were used in this phytoremediation research with the goal of removing heavy metals from the
wastewater, such as Fe (A) and Mn (B). The researchers claim that both Eichhornia crassipes and
Pistia stratiotes showed high removal efficiency.

10. Which choice best describes data in the graph that support the researcher's conclusion?

(A) Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes successfully reduced heavy metals Fe up to 89% and
Mn up to 74% in a span of 5 weeks.

(B) Eichhornia crassipes was slightly less efficient in the phytoremediation of Fe and Mn than
Pistia stratiotes.

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(C) The amount of phytoremediation produced by Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes for
both metals is the highest at week 3.

(D) Phytoremediation is not a practical technique because both microbes are not successful in the
removal of heavy metals at week 0.

A Man Called Ove by Fredrik Backman is a novel written in 1981. In the novel, the author implies
that the narrator was raised in a rural environment: ________.

11. Which quotation from A Man Called Ove most effectively illustrates the claim?

(A) "My aunt and my Uncle Victor lived in Peterborough, halfway to Winnipeg. Peterborough had a
town square with several steeples and a number of huge brick buildings that stood like giants,
bigger than silos."

(B) "We parked and walked past the storefronts, my mother and I. Though I knew the answer, I
asked for a leather baseball glove in the window of the toy shop."

(C) "She eyed the glove in the interior of the hardware store. She leaned close enough to the
window to tip her hat. It was her only hat, made of light straw, with two large purple plastic
orchids. She typically wore it at Easter."

(D) "She was pretty and looked much younger than Mother. She indeed wore white gloves, as
Mother predicted. She stroked my cheek, and she offered me chocolates from a glass bowl."

The National Institutes of Health conducted a study on the effects of a plant-based diet on
cardiovascular disease risk factors. The study followed participants over a year and found that
those on the plant-based diet had significantly lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels than
those on the control diet. They also had lower body weights and body fat percentages. These results
suggest that a plant-based diet can lead to significant reductions in cardiovascular disease risk
factors and should be recommended as part of a healthy diet. Further research, however, is needed
to understand the mechanisms behind this effect.

12. Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the Institute's prediction?

(A) Those on the plant-based diet consumed more healthy fats than did the control group.

(B) The study showed an average 10 -point reduction in blood pressure levels for participants on
the plant-based diet.

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(C) The participants who were on the plant-based increased their physical activity, leading to a
decrease in cholesterol levels.

(D) Consuming fewer processed and refined foods lowered cholesterol levels in all the participants
of the study.

Somewhere over the course of the past 10 years, we decided everything should be normalized; that
to be cringe was to be free; that you should not only wholly accept but also share every thought or
experience you ever have, no matter how embarrassing or repulsive. The dominant culture of the
internet has endeavoured to convince us that all our emotions are valid, with increasing numbers of
people further affirmed in their wrongness by therapy-speak they apply selectively to make
themselves look and feel better. No Shame, on the other hand, is a way of signaling that you are
true to your desires and don’t care about what others think of you or your actions.Shame, for its
part, has come to be regarded as an inherently toxic, destructive emotion: a stand-in for self-
loathing and unaddressed childhood trauma.

13. Which choice best describes the purpose of the underlined sentence in the overall structure of
the text?

(A) To ensure that a human’s needs and preferences is the fundamental priority

(B) To propose that the concepts of lack of shame and lack of fearlessness are inextricably linked

(C) To provide context for the idea of shame being a self loathing concept and ways to get rid of it

(D) To undermine the idea of posting every aspect of your life on social media

Some astronomers believe that dark matter is the elusive substance that makes up the majority of
the universe's missing mass. Previously, astronomers believed that interstellar space was largely
empty and transparent. However, the development of photography revealed a complex structure of
star clouds, rifts, and holes where few or no stars existed. As research progressed, it became
apparent that these features were clouds of obscuring material, now referred to as dark matter.
Initially, astronomers were hesitant to accept the presence of dark matter. This was because the
absorbing dust could dim the light of distant stars and make it difficult for researchers to
determine the locations and brightness of stars. This obstacle proved to be a significant challenge
for astronomers and in fact ________.

14. Which choice most logically completes the text?

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(A) dark matter would have detrimental effects on the Milky Way

(B) photography would actually complicate the work of scientists

(C) dark matter would change some fundamental beliefs about astronomy

(D) dark matter would make it easier to determine a star's distance

French Impressionism art was the first modern artistic style to produce significant masterpieces
inspired by real life. French Impressionist artists rejected classical subject matter in favor of
________ to create works that represented their current circumstances and environments.

15. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

(A) modernity seeking

(B) modernity, seeking

(C) modernity; seeking

(D) modernity. Seeking

Ascending the steep mountain, ________ The rugged terrain and rocky outcroppings gave way to
a sweeping view of rolling hills and dense forests. The hiker felt a sense of awe and reverence for
the natural world.

16. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

(A) the intrepid hiker marveled at the panoramic vista stretching before her.

(B) the panoramic vista stretching before the intrepid hiker surprised her.

(C) there was an intrepid hiker who marveled at the panoramic vista stretching before her.

(D) the marvels of the panoramic vista surprised the intrepid hiker.

The subfield of neuropsychology focuses on the relationship between the brain and behavior.
Neuropsychologists study how brain damage, disease, or dysfunction can affect cognitive and
emotional processes. By using neuroimaging techniques and neuropsychological assessments,
________ can pinpoint specific areas of the brain that are associated with particular functions
such as memory, attention, and language.

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17. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

(A) it

(B) we

(C) they

(D) he

Any New York City construction project using municipal funds ________ required to consider
whether historical artifacts will be affected during construction, and if that possibility exists, an
urban archaeologist must be consulted.

18. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

(A) are

(B) have been

(C) is

(D) were

These days, many _________ in philosophy have no intention of becoming philosophers; instead,
they plan to apply those skills to other disciplines. Law and business specifically benefit from the
complicated theoretical issues raised in the study of philosophy.

19. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

(A) student's majoring

(B) students majoring

(C) students' majoring

(D) students's majoring

________ uncovered the peculiar mating rituals of the Obscurum saltans, a recently discovered
nocturnal dancing beetle. This enigmatic insect, native to the dense Amazonian rainforest, engages

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in synchronized mid-air courtship ballets, emitting bioluminescent bursts, resulting in a
mesmerizing nocturnal spectacle.

20. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

(A) Researchers Dr. Lila Hopper, and Dr. Hugo Stanton

(B) Researchers, Dr. Lila Hopper and Dr. Hugo Stanton,

(C) Researchers, Dr. Lila Hopper and Dr. Hugo Stanton;

(D) Researchers Dr. Lila Hopper and Dr. Hugo Stanton

Scientists harnessed the power of a synchrotron to probe atomic behavior, revealing unparalleled
insights into matter: by accelerating charged particles at near-light speeds, the synchrotron
generates brilliant X-rays, enabling researchers to visualize atoms dancing, bonding, and reacting,
thereby ________ the secrets of materials at the most fundamental level.

21. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

(A) unlocks

(B) unlocking

(C) to unlock

(D) was unlocking

George Washington was a visionary leader who played a pivotal role in shaping the nation's history.
His military prowess and political acumen were instrumental in the American ________ his
unwavering commitment to democracy and civic duty set the standard for future presidents.

22. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

(A) Revolution,

(B) Revolution and

(C) Revolution, and

(D) Revolution; and

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Art history studies visual arts, including painting, sculpture, architecture, and other forms of
artistic expression. It seeks to understand the stylistic and cultural influences that shape the
creation and reception of art throughout history. ________ art history involves the analysis of
individual works of art and broader historical and cultural contexts that shape artistic movements
and trends.

23. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

(A) As a result,

(B) Instead,

(C) To conclude,

(D) Furthermore,

Percy Julian, a renowned chemist and pioneer for African Americans in science, made significant
contributions to synthetic, organic, and medicinal chemistry. Julian's groundbreaking research on
plant alkaloids led to the synthesis of numerous life-saving drugs, including cortisone and
progesterone. ________ he faced significant barriers and discrimination throughout his career,
including being denied tenure and experiencing racism in his personal life.

24. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

(A) Instead,

(B) Nevertheless,

(C) Secondly,

(D) In fact,

The Navajo Nation in the southwestern United States is the largest Native American reservation,
covering over 27,000 square miles. The Navajo people have a rich cultural heritage reflected in
their language, arts, and traditions. ________ the Nation faces significant economic and social
challenges, including high poverty rates and limited access to healthcare and education.

25. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

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(A) In other words,

(B) For instance,

(C) By contrast,

(D) Accordingly,

Stomata, tiny pores on plant leaves, are essential for gas exchange, water regulation, and
photosynthesis. ________ they profoundly impact plant productivity and survival.
Understanding the mechanisms that control stomata behavior is critical for developing strategies
to improve plant resilience to changing climates and water availability.

26. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

(A) For instance,

(B) However,

(C) Similarly,

(D) As a result,

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Studying stimulus and response is a central theme in psychology and neuroscience.

• Researchers use a variety of experimental methods to explore relationships between sensory input
and behavioral or neural output.

• These methods include behavioral assays, electrophysiological recordings, and brain imaging
techniques.

• Manipulating different aspects of a stimulus helps uncover the underlying mechanisms that govern
the processing and integration of sensory information.

• Understanding the complex relationship between stimuli and responses is pivotal to cognitive
psychology, psychophysics, and clinical psychology.

27. The student wants to emphasize the significance of understanding the relationship between
stimuli and responses. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

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(A) Researchers use various methods to explore relationships between stimuli and responses.

(B) By manipulating various stimulus features, researchers can reveal the fundamental
mechanisms that control the handling and merging of sensory information.

(C) Neuroscience is one of the fields that require studying the stimulus and response.

(D) Comprehending the intricate connection between stimuli and responses is crucial for clinical
psychology, cognitive psychology, and psychophysics.

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