Introduction to Urban Design AND Community So there is a need to an intermediate scale

Planning

Where is Urban Design in the scale of city?

“What is meant by Urban Design?”

1. Where is Urban Design in the scale 2. What is the definition on Urban

of city? Design?
Architectural Design Urban Design deals with:
• Relates to single building 1. Built environment “BuildingsSpaces”
• Insists on function of the building “Functional- Aesthetical”
(residential – commercial – office…) 2. Users’ needs
• Form of the building (colors – materials….) 3. Environmental issues
• No focus on spaces between buildings.
Weaving all together produces urban design project
Urban Design is The art of creating and shaping
cities, towns and villages
Urban Design: is concerned with the arrangement,
appearance and function of our suburbs, towns and
Urban planning
cities.
• Organizes the physical components of the Urban Design
city.
• Such as districts- neighborhoods • *Design spaces that focus on the users
• Deals with functional relationships between
the elements of the city such as uses of the • “Design for people”
buildings- streetstransportation- Urban Design: involves many different disciplines
infrastructure…. including planning, development, architecture,
• Focus on function more than aesthetic. landscape architecture, engineering, economics,
law and finance, among others.
Urban Design: operates at many scales, from the Those definitions includes different themes:
macro scales of the urban structures (planning,
• Urban design highlights the value of “place”
zoning, transport and infrastructure networks) to
• Urban design is a type of art and design
the micro scale of street furniture and lighting.
• Urban design is for and about people
Urban Design is the arrangement, design of • It deals with the real world which is
buildings, public spaces, services. which giving constrained by economic (market) and
them form, shape, and character political (regulatory) forces
Urban Design
- Concerns with the environmental issues in the 3. When did Urban Design Emerge?
scale of urban design.
Urban Design had a long history related to the
- Deals with groups of buildings and the urban history of human settlements 7000B.C
spaces between these buildings
As a profession and science: After the industrial
- Open spaces like “streets- pedestrian paths- revolution and its bad effects on cities inEurope,
gardens- squares…… some movements began to arise calling for a need
for morehuman and well designed spaces in the
- Concerns with aesthetics of physical environment”
landscape- furniture of open spaces……
cities .

Urban Design is the method by which man creates The formal emergence of urban design as a science
a built environment that fulfills his aspirations and happened in1960 as key works in the field of urban
represents his values perception and visual studies were performed by
Kevin Lynch and Gordon Cullen in 1960and 1961.
Urban Planning map
Pioneers of Urban Design:

Urban Design map

4. Why is Urban Design is Significant?

Urban design is a tool for making places that are :

1. Good to live and work in.

2. Conserves Heritage and Historical building and
Urban fabric and creates community identity
3. attractive to visit.
4. successful both socially and economically
5. Make places more secure
6. Effectives planning in the widest sense, And it
Urban design And team can help to deliver better public services and
access.\
“The best urban design project involves working in 5. Why is Urban Design is Significant?
teams withgroups of professionals with a wide
range of complementaryskills, knowledge and It is the challenge of creating a place that will be
expertise.” used and enjoyed by a wide range of different
purposes, not only now but in the years to come.
 6. What is Urban Form and its Streetscape + Landscape
Elements? The relationship of buildings to the site, street and
Urban Form - can be used simply to describe a neighbouringbuildings (alignment, setbacks,
city’s physical characteristics. boundary treatment) and the architectural
expression of their facades( projections, openings,
Urban Settlement Type patternsand materials).
• Market town Details + Materials
• Central business district or suburbs
The closeup appearance of objects and surfaces
Williams et al., (2000) and the selection ofmaterials in terms of detail,
craftsmanship, texture, colour, durability,
Urban Form is closely related to scale and has been
sustainability and treatment. It includes street
described as the ‘morphological attributes of an
furniture, paving , lightingand signage. It
urban area at all scales’
contributes to human comfort, safety and
Characteristics therefore range from, at a enjoyment ofthe public domain.
verylocalized scale
Public Realm
• building materials
Much of urban design is concerned with the design
• façades
and management ofpublicly used space( also
• fenestration
referred to as the public realm or publicdomain)
• broader scale
and the way this is experienced and used. The
• housing type public realm includes the natural and built
• street type environment used bythe general public on a day –
• sapatial arrangement or layout to – day basis such as streets, plazas, parks, and
Urban form: The arrangement of a built-up area. public infrastructure.

Elements of Urban Form Topography and Landscape

Urban Structure The natural environment includes topography of

landforms, watercourses, flora and fauna, -
The overall framework of a region, town or whether natural or introduced.
precinct, showingrelationships between zones of
built form, landforms, natural environments, Social + Economic fabric
activities and open spaces. The non-physical aspects of the urban form which
Urban Grain include social factors( culture, participation, health
and well-being) as well as the productivecapacity
The balance of open space to built form, and the and economic prosperity of a community.
nature and extent ofsubdividing an area into
smaller parcels or blocks. Scale

Density + Mix The size, bulk and perception of a buildings and

spaces.
The intensity of development and the range of
different uses( such asresidential, commercial, 7. What is the Scope and objectives of
institutional or recreational uses). Urban Design?
Height + Massing The need for Urban Design as a discipline has arisen as a
result of the:
The scale of the buildings in relation to height and
floor area, and howthey relate to surrounding land • Fundamental
forms, building streets. • Cultural
• Political
• Social
• Economic changes
The basis for framework defining urban design can Ten ways in which Urban designer can work
be grouped under six main headings according to
1.Designing Public realm
The Institute for Urban Design (IUD)’s criteria
2. Designing Urban Context
1. Historic preservation and Urban 3. Responding to the contextual complexity within
Conservation a precinct
2. Design for Pedestrian 4. Empowering the urban object as an active agent
3. Vitality and variety of use in the city structure
4. The cultural environment 5. Incorporate the safety of human networks in the
5. Environmental context city
6. Architectural values 6. Mediating the expression of history
7. Defining large scale architecture
Goals and principles describing urban design can be
8. Giving third dimension to the master plan
group under eight major headings:
9. Designing the development process
1. Place 10. Coordinating all physical inputs into urban
2. Density development
3. Pedestrianization and human scale
Four generic types of urban design work
4. Mixed and compatible users
5. Human culture 1.Total Urban Design: where the urban designer is
6. Public realm part of the development team that carries a
7. Built environment scheme from inspection to completion.
8. Natural environment
2. All-of-a piece urban design: where the urban
design team devices a master plan and sets the
parameters within which a number of developers
8. Why Urban Design is Important? work on components of the overall project.
1. Ecological Significance: involves modifying the 3. Piece by piece urban design: in which general
natural environment. policies and procedures are applied to a precinct of
2. Economic Significance: quality of built a city in order to steer development in specific
environment is thekey factor that significantly directions.
affects local, regional and international image of 4. Plug-in urban design: where the design goal is to
countries and sets the stage for all economic create the infrastructure so that subsequent
activity. developments can “plug in” to it or alternatively,
3. Social and Cultural Significance: An important anew element of infrastructure is plugged into the
factor determining why peoplechoose to visit, existing fabric to enhance a location’s amenity level
invest in or relocate to a particular place is the as a catalyst for development.
“atmosphere” or the“cultural” identity (eg-
Chandigarh or Goa)

Relation between Architecture, Urban Design and

town Planning
URBAN DESIGN lies somewhere between the broad-
brush abstractions of planning and the concrete
specifics of architecture.

An URBAN PLANNER was someone who was primarily

concerned with the allocation of resources according to
projections of future need.

ARCHITECT on the other hand, designs buildings. Agood

Architect will do all he can to relate the building he is
designing to its surroundings, but he has no control over
what happens off the property he has been hired to
considered.